| SESSION | FEB-MARCH 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | IV |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DIBM401 FOREIGN TRADE OF INDIA |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. Explain the scope of international trade. Elaborate Heckscher-Ohlin model of international trade. 5 + 5
Ans 1.
Scope of International Trade
International trade plays a pivotal role in the global economy. It involves the exchange of goods and services across national borders and is essential for countries to access resources, technologies, and products that may not be available domestically. The scope of international trade includes export and import of raw materials, capital goods, finished products, and services. It also covers investment flows, technology transfer, and the movement of labor across nation
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Q2. Write short note on following:
a. India’s merchandise trade post 2000.
b. Composition of International trade.
Ans 2.
a. India’s Merchandise Trade Post 2000
India’s merchandise trade has undergone significant transformation since 2000 due to liberalization, global integration, and reforms in trade policy. The country shifted from a relatively closed economy to an increasingly export-oriented one, driven by competitiveness and diversification of markets and products.
After 2000, India witnessed rapid growth in both exports and imports. Key export commodities
Q3. Write a detail note on Institutional Framework for Export Promotion. 10
Ans 3.
Introduction to Export Promotion Framework in India
Export promotion plays a vital role in the economic development of any country, especially for a developing economy like India. To ensure a coordinated and systematic approach toward enhancing exports, the Government of India has established an elaborate institutional framework. This framework consists of several ministries, export promotion councils, regulatory bodies, and
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. What are Export Incentives and what are the benefits of it to Exporters. 5+5
Ans 4.
Meaning of Export Incentives
Export incentives are financial or non-financial benefits provided by the government to encourage domestic producers to export their goods and services to international markets. These incentives help exporters reduce the cost burden, increase competitiveness, and ensure profitability in foreign trade. The primary objective of such incentives is to promote exports, reduce the trade deficit, and earn
Q5. Write notes on the following:
a. WTO & dispute settlement.
b. IPR
Ans 5.
a. WTO and Dispute Settlement
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is a global institution established in 1995 to promote free and fair trade between nations. It provides a legal and institutional framework to govern international trade relations. The WTO aims to reduce trade barriers, settle disputes, and ensure that trade flows smoothly, predictably, and freely. It currently has over 160 member countries,
Q6. Write notes on the following:
a. EOU scheme
b. SEZ and India
Ans 6.
a. Export Oriented Units (EOU) Scheme
The Export Oriented Units (EOU) Scheme was launched by the Indian government to promote exports and generate foreign exchange. EOUs are industrial units that commit to exporting their entire production of goods or services, except for a small permissible portion sold in the domestic market under specific conditions. The scheme is especially relevant for sectors like textiles,
| SESSION | FEB MARCH 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | IV |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DIBM402 GLOBAL LOGISTICS AND DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. a. What are the factors influencing the global trade environment? Explain any two briefly
b. How does production dispersion strategy contribute to promoting global trade? Explain briefly.
Ans 1.
a. Factors Influencing the Global Trade Environment
The global trade environment refers to the overall ecosystem of rules, policies, and conditions under which international business takes place. Several dynamic factors shape and influence this environment, determining the flow of goods, services, capital, and information across borders. These factors can either facilitate or hinder trade activities depending on their nature and impact.
One important factor is
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Q2. a. What are the types of tunnels? Explain the key benefits of tunnels in supply chain and logistics.
b. Modern shipping technology is a vital lifeline of global trade and connectivity. Justify.
Ans 2.
a. Types of Tunnels and Their Benefits in Supply Chain and Logistics
Tunnels play a strategic role in transportation logistics by providing direct and uninterrupted routes through mountains, under rivers, or across dense urban areas. They facilitate the efficient movement of goods and
Q3. a. What is a charter agreement for shipping? Differentiate between voyage charter and time charter agreements.
b. Explain the key components of the ocean liner contract system.
Ans 3.
a. What is a Charter Agreement for Shipping?
A charter agreement in shipping is a contract between a shipowner and a charterer (the party hiring the vessel), under which the shipowner agrees to lease out their vessel for the transportation of cargo. The agreement outlines the terms of usage, responsibilities, duration, payment terms, and liabilities associated with the use of the ship.
Charter agreements are essential in bulk cargo transportation such as coal, iron ore, oil, or grain, where flexibility in
Assignment Set – 2
4. a. Explain the role of cargo insurance in international Air Transportation
b. Intermodal containers are essential in global logistics and supply chain management. Justify.
Ans 4.
a. Role of Cargo Insurance in International Air Transportation
Cargo insurance plays a crucial role in protecting the value of goods being transported by air across international borders. In air transportation, shipments are exposed to risks such as theft, damage, misrouting, delays, or destruction due to accidents or natural disasters. Cargo insurance helps mitigate these
Q5.a. Explain various logistics intermediaries used in global logistics.
b. What are Automated Clearing House’s (ACH) features in Global Logistics?
Ans 5.
a. Various Logistics Intermediaries Used in Global Logistics
In global logistics, logistics intermediaries play a vital role in facilitating the movement, storage, and delivery of goods across borders. These intermediaries bridge the gap between shippers, carriers, and consignees by offering specialized services that enhance efficiency, reduce risk, and improve supply chain coordination.
One of the most important intermediaries is the Freight Forwarder. A freight forwarder acts as an agent for the exporter or importer
Q6. a. Explain the components of a Cargo insurance policy.
b. Explain the inventory holding costs in global sourcing.
Ans 6.
a. Components of a Cargo Insurance Policy
A cargo insurance policy provides financial protection against loss or damage to goods during transit by air, sea, or land. It is crucial for exporters and importers in international trade, where shipments are exposed to multiple risks across long distances and multiple handling points.
The first major component is the insured value, which typically includes the cost of goods, freight charges, and an additional percentage (usually 10%) to cover potential profit loss. This amount defines the maximum claim
| SESSION | FEB-MARCH 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | IV |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DIBM403 INTERNATION BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AND INTERNATIONAL LAW |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. i. Multinational Corporations (MNCs) operate in diverse international markets using different managerial orientations based on their global strategy and approach to foreign operations. Identify and explain the five international business management orientations – Ethnocentric, Polycentric, Regiocentric, Geocentric, and Ethical and Sustainable Orientation. For each orientation, select one real-world MNC that represents that approach and explain how and why the company follows it.
ii. Discuss how an MNC should analyze the international business environment before entering India.
Ans 1.
i. Five International Business Management Orientations
Multinational Corporations (MNCs) adopt various managerial orientations to manage operations across international markets. These orientations reflect how a company views and manages its subsidiaries, workforce, and strategies across borders.
Ethnocentric Orientation
In this approach, the home
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Q2. i. Identify at least two key Indian economic laws that a MNC must comply with and explain their implications for business operations.
ii. Describe how international economic institutions and agreements influence India’s trade and investment climate.
i. Key Indian Economic Laws MNCs Must Comply With
MNCs operating in India must adhere to multiple economic laws that regulate foreign investment, trade, and business conduct. Two significant laws are:
1. Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), 1999
FEMA governs all foreign exchange transactions and aims to facilitate external trade while ensuring orderly development of the forex market. MNCs must comply with FEMA regulations related to capital inflows, repatriation of profits, and cross-border mergers. Violations can lead to
Q3. i. Discuss the role of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Institutional Investors (FII) in the economic growth of country (take any one country of your choice).
ii.A Japanese electronics company and an American distributor failed to reach an agreement due to differences in their negotiation approaches. Analyze how understanding the stages of the negotiation process could have helped avoid this breakdown.
iii. A French wine company appoints a local agent in India to expand its market. Explain the legal duties of the agent and the potential legal risks if the agent misrepresents the product. How should these risks be addressed in a legal agreement? 3+3+4
Ans 3.
i. Role of FDI and FII in Economic Growth (India)
In India, both Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Institutional Investors (FII) play vital roles in economic development. FDI involves long-term investment by a foreign entity in India’s business sectors, often in the form of setting up factories, acquiring equity, or starting joint ventures. It
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. i. Ravi promises to sell his bike to Rohan for ₹50,000. Rohan agrees, but later Ravi changes his mind without any reason. Based on the law of contract, explain whether a valid contract existed between them. Which elements would you check to determine this?
ii. XYZ Ltd. is undergoing financial losses and is planning to shut down operations. Briefly explain the winding-up process of a company under Indian corporate law. What role does the tribunal or liquidator play in this process?
Ans 4.
i. Validity of Contract Between Ravi and Rohan
Under the Indian Contract Act, 1872, a contract is a legally enforceable agreement formed by free consent of parties competent to contract, for a lawful consideration and lawful object. In the case between Ravi and Rohan, the primary question is whether a valid contract was established between them.
Ravi made an offer to sell his bike to Rohan for ₹50,000, which Rohan accepted. This situation involves the essential components of a valid contract: offer and acceptance, consideration, and mutual consen
Q5.i. A shipment of electronics is delayed at an Indian port due to missing export documentation. Discuss the importance of accurate documentation in international trade and name any three critical documents required for successful customs clearance.
ii. A trader agrees to sell 500 bags of rice to a retailer but only delivers 300 bags. The retailer refuses to pay until full delivery is made. Based on the performance of contract of sale, discuss the rights of the buyer and obligations of the seller in this situation.
Ans 5.
i. Importance of Accurate Documentation in International Trade
In international trade, accurate documentation is crucial for smooth execution of transactions, compliance with legal requirements, and clearance of goods at ports. Missing or incorrect documents can lead to delays, penalties, confiscation, or rejection of shipments, causing both financial and reputational
Q6. i. Explain any three essential documents used in international trade transactions.
ii. What is the meaning of sharing of tax revenues in the context of cross-border transactions?
iii. Describe the role of the WTO dispute settlement machinery in resolving trade conflicts. 3+2+5
Ans 6.
i. Three Essential Documents in International Trade
1. Commercial Invoice: This is a primary document prepared by the exporter detailing the transaction, including product description, quantity, price, payment terms, and exporter/importer details. It is used for customs clearance and tax calculations.
2. Certificate of Origin: This document certifies the country where the goods were produced. It is
| SESSION | FEB- MARCH 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | 4 |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DIBM404 EXPORT IMPORT FINANCE |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. Explain the concept of Pre-shipment finance and highlight the main advantages of pre-shipment financing for exporters. 2+8
Ans 1.
Understanding the Concept of Pre-Shipment Finance
Pre-shipment finance refers to the short-term credit or working capital provided to exporters for financing the purchase, processing, packing, and shipment of goods prior to the actual export. It is extended by commercial banks and financial institutions to enable exporters to meet production and operational expenses before goods are shipped to the overseas buyer.
The purpose of pre-shipment finance is to bridge the funding gap between the placement of the export order and
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Q2. What is interest subvention, and how does it impact export finance. 3+7
Ans 2.
Meaning of Interest Subvention in Export Finance
Interest subvention refers to the interest subsidy or financial assistance provided by the government to reduce the cost of borrowing for specific sectors or industries. In the context of export finance, interest subvention is offered to exporters in the form of a concession on interest rates charged by banks on export credit.
Under the Interest Equalization Scheme (IES) implemented by the Government of India through the Reserve Bank of
Q3. Write short note on the following concepts:
a. Forfaiting
b. Factoring
Ans 3.
a. Forfaiting
Forfaiting is a trade finance technique in which an exporter sells their medium- to long-term receivables (i.e., bills of exchange or promissory notes) to a financial institution called a forfaiter at a discount, in exchange for immediate cash payment. The forfaiter assumes all the risks associated with the receivables, including credit risk, interest rate risk, and political risk. This method is especially useful in international trade involving capital goods and large-scale equipment.
The key benefit of
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. What are the key advantages and disadvantages of different methods of import financing. (Explain any 5 methods of Import Financing) 5+5
Ans 4.
1. Letter of Credit (LC)
A Letter of Credit is a widely used import financing method where a bank guarantees payment to the exporter on behalf of the importer, provided the exporter meets the terms and conditions of the LC. It reduces payment risk for the exporter while giving the importer assurance that payment will only be made upon delivery of goods and proper documentation.
Advantages
Q5. Discuss the impact of geopolitical events on exchange rates in the forex market. Provide examples. 8+2
Ans 5.
Understanding the Relationship Between Geopolitics and Forex Markets
The foreign exchange (forex) market is highly sensitive to global political and economic developments. Geopolitical events refer to political conflicts, wars, elections, trade disputes, and diplomatic tensions that occur between or within countries. These events impact investor confidence, capital flows, and global trade, all of which influence exchange rates.
Exchange rates reflect the relative strength of one country’s currency against another. When geopolitical instability arises, it can lead to volatility, risk aversion, and sudden shifts in forex trading
Q6. How does the interaction between FEMA and FEDAI benefit the foreign exchange market? 10
Ans 6.
Understanding FEMA and FEDAI
The Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), 1999, is a legislative framework that governs foreign exchange transactions in India. Its primary objective is to facilitate external trade and payments while maintaining the foreign exchange market’s orderly development. FEMA replaced the earlier FERA (Foreign Exchange Regulation Act) and marked a shift from regulation to management and liberalization.
On the other hand