B.Com 2023 Solved assignments 2023

June 16, 2023June 16, 2023 admin

SESSION	April 2023
PROGRAM	Master of COMMERCE (M.com)
SEMESTER	II
course CODE & NAME	DCM 6202 MANAGEMENET ACCOUNTING
CREDITS	4

Assignment Set – 1

1. The following data are available in a manufacturing company for a yearly period:

Fixed Expenses:	(Rs. Lakhs)
Wages & Salaries	9.50
Rent, rates, and taxes	6.60
Depreciation	7.40
Sundry administrative expenses	6.50
Semi- Variable Expenses (at 50% Capacity)
Maintenance and repairs	3.50
Indirect Labour	7.90
Sales department salaries	3.80
Sundry administrative expenses	2.80
Variable expenses (at 50% Capacity)
Materials	21.70
Labour	20.40
Other expenses	7.90
	98.00

Assume that the fixed expenses remain constant for all levels of production, and semi-variable expenses remain constant between 45% and 65% of capacity, increasing by 10% between 65% and 80% capacity and by 20% between 80% and 100% capacity. Sales at various levels are:

50% Capacity	100 Lakhs
60% Capacity	120 Lakhs
75% Capacity	150 Lakhs
90% Capacity	180 Lakhs
100% Capacity	200 Lakhs

Prepare a flexible budget for the year and forecast the profits at 60%, 75% and 100% capacity.

ANS:To prepare a flexible budget for the year and forecast the profits at 60%, 75%, and 100% capacity, we need to calculate the expenses for each level of production and subtract them from the corresponding sales figures.

Let’s calculate the flexible budget and forecast the profits:

Fixed Expenses (Rs. Lakhs):

Wages & Salaries: 9.50

Rent, rates,

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2. “The technique of marginal costing can be a valuable aid to management”. Examine the statement with respect to the application of marginal costing in decision-making.

ANS:The statement “The technique of marginal costing can be a valuable aid to management” is indeed true. Marginal costing, also known as variable costing, is a costing technique that separates fixed costs from variable costs and focuses on the impact of changes in production volume on costs and

3. “Analysis without interpretation is meaningless and interpretation without analysis is impossible”. Discuss in the light of above statement concept and significance of financial statement analysis.

ANS:The statement “Analysis without interpretation is meaningless and interpretation without analysis is impossible” emphasizes the inseparable relationship between analysis and interpretation. This principle applies to financial statement analysis, which involves the examination and evaluation

Assignment Set – 2

4. The following schedule shows the balance sheet in the condensed form of Machinery manufacturing company Ltd. at the end of the year 2022:

Assets	1-1-2023 (Rs.)	31-12-2023 (Rs.)
Cash and Bank Balance	90000	90000
Sundry debtors	67000	43000
Temporary investments	110000	74000
Prepaid expenses	1000	2000
Stock in trade	82000	106000
Land & Buildings	150000	150000
Machinery	52000	70000
	552000	535000
Liabilities & Capital
Sundry creditors	103000	96000
Outstanding expenses	13000	12000
8% Debentures	90000	70000
Depreciation Fund	40000	44000
Reserve for contingencies	60000	60000
Profit & Loss Account	16000	23000
Capital	230000	230000
	552000	535000

The following information concerning the transactions is available: –

ANS: To analyze the impact of the given transactions on the balance sheet of Machinery Manufacturing Company Ltd., let’s go through each transaction step by step:

10% dividend was paid in cash: This transaction affects the Cash and Bank Balance on the Assets side and the Profit & Loss Account on the Liabilities & Capital side. The Cash and Bank Balance will decrease by the amount of the dividend paid, and the Profit & Loss Account will decrease by the same amount.

New machinery for Rs. 30,000 was purchased, but old machinery costing Rs. 12,000 was sold for Rs. 4,000;

5. Describe the principle ratios which you consider significant while interpreting the published accounts of a company and explain the inferences which may be drawn from them.

ANS:When interpreting the published accounts of a company, several key financial ratios can provide valuable insights into its financial performance, stability, and efficiency.

Here are some

6. According to Kaplan and Norton “balanced scorecard is not a template to be applied to businesses in general or even industry wide. Businesses must devise customized scorecards to fit

ANS:According to Kaplan and Norton, the Balanced Scorecard is not a one-size-fits-all template, but rather a framework that businesses should customize to suit their specific market situations, product strategies, and competitive pressures. The Balanced Scorecard consists of four perspectives that provide a comprehensive view of a company’s performance.

Let’s explore these perspectives

SESSION	APRIL 2023
PROGRAM	BACHELOR of COMMERCE (B COM)
SEMESTER	II
course CODE & NAME	DCM1201 – Computer Awareness and Internet
CREDITS	4

Set – 1^st

1. Illustrate the architecture of a computer system and explain the functions of various units?

ANS: The architecture of a computer system refers to its organization and structure, including the various components and their interactions.

The following is a high-level illustration of the architecture of a typical computer system, along with an explanation of the functions of its various units:

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2. Discuss the different categories of peripheral devices along with their functionality

ANS: Peripheral devices are those devices that are linked either internally or externally to a computer. These devices are commonly used to transfer data. The most common processes that are carried out in a computer are entering data and displaying processed data. Several devices can be used to receive data and display processed data. The devices used to perform

3. Briefly explain the various types of number system

ANS: A number system is defined as a system of writing to express numbers. It is the mathematical notation for representing numbers of a given set by using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner. It provides a unique representation of every number and represents the arithmetic and algebraic structure of the figures.

Set – 2^nd

4. Briefly explain software development process.

ANS: The software development process is a systematic approach to designing, creating, and maintaining software applications.

While specific methodologies and frameworks can vary, the general software development process typically involves the following phases:

5. Explain different stages in Software Testing.

ANS: Software testing involves the process of evaluating a software system or application to identify any defects, errors, or discrepancies between expected and actual results. The software testing process typically consists of several stages or phases, each serving a specific purpose.

6. Explain TCP/IP Protocol layers

ANS: The TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) protocol suite is a set of networking protocols that form the basis of the internet and many private networks. It consists of four layers, each serving a specific purpose in facilitating communication between devices.

Here’s an explanation of the TCP/IP protocol layers:

SESSION	April 2023
PROGRAM	BACHELOR of COMMERCE (B COM)
SEMESTER	II
course CODE & NAME	DCM1202 Marketing Management
CREDITS	4

Set – 1^st

1. Explain the functions of Marketing.

Ans: It may be noted that a marketing function or operation may be performed either once or several times till the goods reach the final consumers either by the producer himself or by the middlemen. The various marketing functions can be classified into three categories.

They are:

• Functions of Exchange

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2. What are the internal factors affecting a market? Explain in brief

Ans:Internal factors refer to elements within a company or organization that can influence the functioning and performance of a market. These factors can significantly impact the market dynamics, competitiveness, and success of a business.

Here are some key internal factors that affect a market:

3. Describe SWOT analysis with suitable example.

Ans:SWOT analysis is a strategic planning tool used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of a business or a specific project. It helps organizations identify internal factors that they can leverage and external factors they need to address to achieve their objectives.

Set – 2^nd

1. What is pricing? Explain its importance

Ans: The Price of a product is not fixed and is dependent on several factors. Pricing decisions need to be taken by considering the profit margins for the company as well as the pricing fixed by competition. Price mix needs to take into account the base price, discounts or allowances as well as the cost of freight, financing, credit, etc.

2. What are the steps involved in buying a product? Explain

Ans: The process of buying a product typically involves several steps that customers go through before making a purchase decision.

While the specifics may vary depending on the product and individual preferences, here are the general steps involved in buying a product:-

3. What is green marketing? Why is it important

Ans: Green marketing, also known as sustainable marketing or environmental marketing, refers to the practice of promoting products or services that have environmentally friendly attributes or are produced using sustainable practices. It involves highlighting a company’s commitment to sustainability, environmental responsibility, and social consciousness to appeal to environmentally conscious consumers.

SESSION	April 2023
PROGRAM	BACHELOR of Commerce (BCom)
SEMESTER	I
course CODE & NAME	DCM1203 – Fundamentals of Accounting II
CREDITS	4

Assignment Set – 1

1. A. J, K and P are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:3:1 respectively. Mr. J died on 31st December 2021. Final amount due to her showed a credit balance of 1, 00,000. Pass journal entries if,

(a) The amount due is paid off immediately.

(b) The amount due is not paid immediately.

(c) ₹50, 000 is paid and the balance in future.

Ans: (a) When the amount due to Mr. J is paid off immediately:

Assuming that Mr. J’s capital account needs to be settled, the following journal entry is recorded:

J’s Capital Account Dr. – ₹1, 00,000
To Cash Account – ₹1, 00,000

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B. Discuss the objectives of Partnership Firm.

Ans: The objectives of a partnership firm can vary depending on the specific goals and aspirations of the partners involved.

However, some common objectives of partnership firms include:

Profit Maximization: One of the primary objectives of a partnership firm is to generate profits and maximize returns for the partners. By pooling their resources, skills, and efforts,

2. Sameer and Yasmin are partners with capitals of ₹ 15, 00,000 and ₹ 10, 00,000 respectively. They agreed to share profits in the ratio of 3:2. The books are closed on March 31, every year. Show how the following transactions will be recorded in the capital accounts of the partners in case:

(i)The capitals are fixed, and

(ii) The capitals are fluctuating.

Particulars	Sameer	Yasmin
	₹	₹
Capital contributed on 1st Oct 2019	3,00,000	2,00,000
Interest on capital	5 % P. a.	5 % P. a.
Drawings (during 2019-20)	30,000	20,000
Interest on drawings	1,800	1,200
Salary	20,000
Commission	10,000	7,000
Share in Profit for the year 19-20	60,000	40,000

Ans: (i) Recording transactions with fixed capitals:

Capital contributed on 1st Oct 2019:

Sameer’s Capital Account:

Capital ₹3, 00,000
To Cash Account ₹3, 00,000

Yasmin’s Capital Account:

Capital ₹2, 00,000
To Cash Account ₹2, 00,000

(ii) Recording transactions with fluctuating capitals:

Capital contributed on 1st Oct 2019:

Sameer’s Capital Account:

Capital ₹3, 00,000
To Cash Account ₹3, 00,000

Yasmin’s Capital Account:

Capital ₹2, 00,000
To Cash Account ₹2, 00,000

3. A. Describe the distinction between dissolution of a firm and dissolution of a partnership.

Ans: The terms “dissolution of a firm” and “dissolution of a partnership” are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings in the context of business partnerships.

Let’s explore the differences:

3. B. P, Q, and R are business partners who split profits in a 3:2:1 ratio. When Q retired, his portion was split evenly between P and R. Calculate P and R’s new profit-sharing ratio.

Ans: Initially, the profit-sharing ratio between P, Q, and R is 3:2:1.

Let’s assume the total profits as “x”:-

So, P’s share = (3/6) * x = (1/2) * x

Assignment Set – 2

4. A. Explain the differences between Departments and Branches

Ans:

Departments:

Definition: Departments are functional units within an organization that are responsible for specific activities or functions. They are typically organized based on the different areas of expertise or tasks performed within the company.

4. B. Pass the journal entries in books of Lessee for the following cases.

When the royalty is payable
1. For payment to landlord
1. Transferring royalty to P/L A/C
1. When short working is recouped

Transfer irrecoverable short working transfer to P/L A/c

Ans: When the royalty is payable:

Royalty Expense A/C Dr.

To Royalty Payable A/C

5. Shree Traders of Gujrat purchased 10,000 sarees @ ₹ 100 per saree. Out of these, 6000 sarees were sent on consignment to Nirmala Traders of Kolkata at the selling price of ₹ 120 per saree. The consignors paid ₹ 3,000 for packing and freight.

Nirmala Traders sold 5,000 sarees @ ₹ 125 per saree and incurred ₹ 1,000 for selling expenses and remitted ₹ 5,00,000 to Shree Gujrat on account. They are entitled to a commission of 5% on total sales plus a further of 25% commission on any surplus price realized over ₹ 120 per saree.

3,000 sarees were sold at Gujrat @ ₹ 110 per saree.

Owing to fall in market price, the value of stock of saree in hand is to be reduced by 5%. You are required to prepare

(i) Consignment Account, and

ii) Nirmala Traders Account in the book of consignor.

Ans: (i) Consignment Account in the books of Shree Traders, the Consignor: Consignment Account

Particulars | Amount (₹)

To Goods sent on |

Consignment to Nirmala | 1, 20,000

Traders (6000 sarees) |

6. Explain the Features of Joint Ventures.

Ans: Features of Joint Venture:-

Now, we shall go through some of the crucial features of joint ventures that are as follows:

Agreement: Two or more firms agree to undertake a business, for a definite purpose and are bound by it.

• Joint Control: The business assets, operations, administration and the venture itself exist under the joint control of the co-venturers.

• Pooling of resources and expertise: Firms pool their resources like capital, workforce,

SESSION	April 2022
PROGRAM	BACHELOROFCOMMERCE(BCOM)
SEMESTER	II
COURSECODE&NAME	DCM1204– BUSINESS LAW
CREDITS	4

Assignment Set – 1^st

1. Discussthe remedies which are available to an aggrieved party in case of a breach of contract?

ANS: When a breach of contract occurs, the aggrieved party typically has a range of remedies available to seek redress for the harm suffered. The specific remedies that may be pursued can depend on various factors, such as the nature of the breach, the terms of the contract, and the governing law.

Here are some common remedies for breach of contract:

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2. Explain the essentials of a contract of sale.

ANS:

Essentials of Valid Contracts

A brief description of the essentials of a valid contract is given below. A detailed explanation follows in the subsequent units.

1. Minimum two parties: At least two parties are necessary to form a contract because one person cannot enter into a contract with himself. To form a contract, one party has to make an offer and the other must accept it. The person who makes the “proposal” or offer is called the

3. “If you do not register your partnership firm you will be deprived of certain benefits”. With reference to this statement, discuss the effects of non-registration of a partnership firm.

ANS: The effects of non-registration of a partnership firm can vary depending on the jurisdiction, as different countries may have different legal requirements and regulations regarding partnership registration.

However, in general, there are several common effects of non-registration that are worth considering:

Assignment Set – 2^nd

4. Discuss the different types of cyber-crimes which are committed?

ANS:Cyber-crime refers to criminal activities that are conducted through digital or computer networks, targeting individuals, organizations, or computer systems. The field of cyber-crime is vast and constantly evolving as technology advances.

Here are some of the different types of cyber-crimes that are commonly committed:

5. Discuss the different provisions laid down in District Forum, State Commission and National Commission.

ANS:

A brief description of some of the important laws is given below.

A more detailed description will be dealt with in the ensuing units.

The Sale of Goods Act, 1930 This Act governs the contracts relating to Sale of Goods. It deals with the contracts for sale of movable property like vehicles, furniture etc. The Act has prescribed rules and provisions pertaining to modes of transferring movable goods. It contains provisions stipulating the rights and duties of buyers and sellers, as well as the means by which they can enforce the same. The need for a separate law governing contracts

6. Discuss the duties of the conciliation officer? State the difference between strike, lockout and layoff.

ANS: The duties of a conciliation officer typically arise in the context of labor and employment disputes. Their role is to facilitate the resolution of conflicts between employers and employees through conciliation or mediation.

Here are some of the key duties of a

SESSION	April 2023
PROGRAM	BACHELOR of COMMERCE (B.COM.)
SEMESTER	II
course CODE & NAME	DCM1205FUNDAMENTALS OF ENTERPRENEURSHIP & INNOVATION
CREDITS	4

Set – 1^st

1. Discuss in detail the different leadership styles.

Ans:

Different leadership styles

1. Autocratic Leadership Style Autocratic Style can be illustrated with the phrase “Do as I Say”. Autocratic leaders think that they are the smartest people and they know better than others.

That is why they do not take any suggestions from their team members, they just pass the orders. This can be also known as the command-and-control approach. A leader can use this style when a crucial decision has to be taken. Some examples of autocratic leadership include

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2. Describe the meaning and concept of Entrepreneurial Behaviour.

Ans: Entrepreneurial behaviour refers to the actions, attitudes, and mind-set exhibited by individuals who engage in entrepreneurial activities. It involves a unique set of characteristics and actions that drive individuals to identify opportunities, take risks, and create innovative solutions to meet market needs.

Entrepreneurial behaviour encompasses various aspects of an entrepreneur’s mind-set

3. Define Entrepreneur. Also, provide an overview of the types of entrepreneurs as classified by Clarence H. Danhof based on their motives and objectives.

Ans: An entrepreneur is an individual who initiates and manages a business venture, taking on financial risks in the hope of earning profits. Entrepreneurs are characterized by their ability to identify opportunities, innovate, organize resources, and undertake calculated risks to create and grow successful businesses.

Clarence H. Danhof, a renowned economist, classified entrepreneurs into four types

Set – 2^nd

1. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages attached to Venture Capital Funding.

Ans: Venture capital funding can provide significant advantages and opportunities for start-ups and entrepreneurs. However, it also comes with certain disadvantages and considerations.

Let’s discuss both the advantages and disadvantages of venture capital funding:-

Advantages of Venture Capital Funding:-

2. “PESTLE analysis is a useful tool for understanding the ‘big picture’ of the business environment in which an entrepreneur is planning to operate”. Explain the statement.

Ans: The statement emphasizes that PESTLE analysis is a valuable tool for entrepreneurs to gain a comprehensive understanding of the broader business environment in which they intend to operate. PESTLE analysis examines various external factors that can significantly impact the success and operations of a business.

Let’s break down the statement and explain its meaning:

3. Analyze the contents of a well-structured Project Report.

Ans: A well-structured project report typically includes the following key components:

Title Page: The title page provides basic information about the project, such as the project title, the name of the organization or institution, the name of the author or group members, and the date of submission.

Executive Summary: The executive summary provides an overview of the entire project

SESSION	APRIL 2023
PROGRAM	B.com
SEMESTER	II
course CODE & NAME	DCM1206 – ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT IN INDIA
CREDITS	4

Set – 1^st

1. What are the stages of planning in India? Also discuss the objectives of Planning in India.

Ans: In India, the process of planning involves several stages. The primary stages of planning in India are: Formulation of Plans: This stage involves the formulation of national plans, such as the Five-Year Plans, which outline the economic and social development goals for the country.

Plan Appraisal: Once the plans are formulated, they undergo a comprehensive appraisal process. The proposed plans are reviewed, analysed, and evaluated by experts to assess their

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2. Discuss the significance of Capital formation. What are the types of productivity ratios.

Ans: Capital formation refers to the process of increasing the stock of real capital in an economy by channelling savings and investments into productive assets. It is a critical driver of economic growth and development.

Here are the key significances of capital formation:

Economic Growth: Capital formation plays a fundamental role in stimulating economic

3. Discuss in detail the different types of reforms which came up in India as a result of Liberalisation.

Ans: Liberalization refers to the relaxation of government regulations and controls on economic activities with the aim of promoting economic growth, efficiency, and competitiveness. In India, the process of liberalization began in the early 1990s and brought about significant reforms in various sectors.

Set – 2^nd

1. Discuss the role of public sector in Economic development.

Ans: The public sector plays a crucial role in the economic development of a country. It refers to the part of the economy that is owned, controlled, and operated by the government.

Here are the key roles of the public sector in economic development:

Infrastructure Development: The public sector plays a vital role in developing and maintaining essential infrastructure such as transportation networks, power generation and

2. Write a short note on – Issue of Privatization. Also discuss the problems faced by the public sector in India.

Ans: Privatization refers to the process of transferring ownership, control, and management of public sector enterprises or assets to the private sector. It involves the sale or transfer of government-owned businesses, industries, or infrastructure to private entities.

Privatization is often undertaken with the aim of improving efficiency, promoting

3. Discuss in detail the importance of transportation in Indian scenario.

Ans: Transportation plays a crucial role in the economic development and social well-being of India. Given its vast geographical expanse, diverse population, and growing economy, efficient transportation systems are essential for connecting people, goods, and resources across the country.

Here are some key points highlighting the importance of transportation in the Indian

ASSIGNMENT

SESSION	Aprl 2023
PROGRAM	BACHELOR of COMMERCE (B COM)
SEMESTER	III
course CODE & NAME	bUSINESS cOMMUNICATION& DCM2101
CREDITS	4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks	02 30 Marks each

Set – 1

1. “Informal communication network is not just for idle rumors and may be useful in many ways.” Justify.

Ans 1.

Informal communication networks, often referred to as the “grapevine,” have been traditionally associated with rumors, gossip, and misinformation. However, this perception can be misleading as it underestimates the potential of these networks to contribute to the organizational communication system positively. While it’s true that informal communication can at times proliferate rumors, its advantages are manifold, ranging from fostering

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2. Explain the different types of verbal and non-verbal communication.

Ans 2.

Communication may be divided into two types, they are:

• Verbal communication

• Non-verbal communication

Let us briefly discuss these two types of communication.

• Verbal communication– This type of communication occurs with the help of words. It

3. Explain the principles of letter writing.

Ans 3.

Principles of writing business letters

Business letters are used primarily to communicate with external stakeholders such as consumers, intermediaries, government and bankers. The principles of business letter writing are somewhat different from the principles of writing general letters. Business letters are

Set – 2

1. What are the different components of a resume? Explain.

Ans 1.

Components of Resumes

Irrespective of the type of resume, all resumes must have the same basic information or standard components. Figure depicts the various components of a resume.

Resume Components

• Basic data– This includes the name, address, telephone number, and email id. The information provided must allow a prospective employer to reach you easily. If you are still

2. Explain the techniques that you can follow to write a report in a convincing manner, so that the reader accepts them as valid and reliable.

Ans 2.

Reports must also be written in a convincing manner, so that the reader accepts them as valid and reliable. Some suggested techniques to achieve them are:

• State the facts in an objective manner – Avoid using superlatives and emotional terms that introduce bias in the research or that suggest that you are passing judgment. For example,

3. What are the various visual aids that speakers can use in their presentation?

Ans 3.

Using visual aids to support presentations

The use of visual aids enhances the effectiveness of a presentation and involves the audience more than a pure oral presentation. As the saying goes, “A picture is worth a thousand words”. Several studies have indicated that presentations made with visual support have been

ASSIGNMENT

SESSION	MarCh 2023
PROGRAM	BACHELOR of Commerce (BCOM)
SEMESTER	III
course CODE & NAME	DCM2102 – Financial management
CREDITS	4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks	02 30 Marks each

Assignment Set – 1

1. Explain the functions of a financial manager in any organization.

Ans 1.

Functions of a financial manager

A finance manager is a person who is responsible for carrying out the functions of a finance department.

The main functions of finance managers:

Organization of Finance Function

Raising of Funds:

This is a very important function of the finance manager. He has to plan for raising funds as

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2. Calculate the present value of the following cash flows assuming a discount rate of 10% per annum.

Year	Cash flows [₹]
1	10000
2	20000
3	30000
4	40000
5	50000

Ans 2.

The present value (PV) of future cash flows can be calculated using the formula:

PV = CF / (1 + r)^n

where:

PV is the present value
CF is the cash flow in the future
r is the discount rate

3. Explain the significance of the concept of cost of capital. Discuss different component of cost of capital with example.

Ans 3.

Significance of cost of capital

The concept of cost of capital is used frequently in taking financial decisions such as investment, financing, credit decisions etc. Let us understand the significance for each of them.

1. Investment Decisions: When a firm has to evaluate an investment opportunity it uses the cost of capital for discount the cash flows expected from the project over its life time. Even if

Assignment Set – 2

1. What are the sources of finance? Discuss the short term and long term sources of finance for the firm.

Ans 1.

Sources of finance

The world is well aware of the importance of good financial managers. As a result, there is abundant advice on how to become a financial manager. Financial management is a blend of art and science through which the important decisions are taken: what to invest in, how to finance it, and how to combine the two in order to maximise some

3. What is Working capital management? Discuss various factors that affect working capital requirement?

Ans 3.

Working capital management

The effort of management which goes towards effective management of current assets and current liabilities is termed as working capital management (WCM). It is the difference between current assets and current liabilities. In other words, efficient WCM means ensuring sufficient liquidity in the business to be able to meet day-to-day expenses and short term

SESSION	April 2023
PROGRAM	BACHELOR of COMMERCE (B COM)
SEMESTER	III
course CODE & NAME	DCM2103 Cost Accounting
CREDITS	4
NUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks	02 30 Marks each

1a. Discuss the classification of cost on the basis of elements.

Ans 1a.

Classification of Costs on the Basis of Elements

Costs can be classified into different categories based on various elements or components that contribute to their overall composition. The classification of costs on the basis of elements provides insights into the nature and structure of costs incurred by businesses. Here are the main elements used to classify Its Half solved only

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1b. State the features of a good wage system.

Ans 1b.

Features of a Good Wage System

A good wage system plays a crucial role in attracting, motivating, and retaining talented employees while ensuring fairness and productivity within an organization. Here are the key features of a good wage system:

Competitiveness: A good wage system should be competitive in relation to the industry

Q2. The following information is in respect of Material.

Re-order quantity = 3000 units

Re-order period = 4 – 6 weeks

Maximum Consumption = 800 units per week

Normal consumption = 600 units per week

Minimum consumption = 500 units per week

Emergency Re- order period = 2 weeks

Calculate: (a). Re-order level (b) Minimum Level (c) Maximum Level (d) Average stock level (e) Danger Level

To calculate the various levels of stock for the given material, we can use the following formulas:

(a) Re-order level = Maximum consumption × Re-order period

(b) Minimum level = Minimum consumption × Re-order period

3a. a. Discuss the functional classification of overhead.

b. Explain the meaning &features of job costing.

Answer 3a:

Overhead costs represent the ongoing business expenses that are not directly attributed to creating a product or service. Being an integral part of operations, overheads are inherent in every business, irrespective of the industry or nature of the enterprise. Their classification allows for a comprehensive understanding of business expenditure, aiding in effective cost management and optimal resource utilization

Set – 2

Q1. M Ltd. produced and sold are 5000 units @ ₹ 25 per unit. From given data prepare cost sheet with per unit.

Answer:

A cost sheet is a statement that shows the various components of total cost for a product and all the incurred costs according to their categories. Given your provided data, let’s prepare the cost sheet:

Particulars	Total Cost (₹)	Cost per Unit (₹)
Direct Costs

2a. Explain the advantages of cost accounting.

Ans 2a.

Cost accounting is a valuable tool that provides businesses with numerous advantages. It involves analyzing, tracking, and recording all costs associated with the production of goods or services. By implementing effective cost accounting practices, organizations can make informed decisions, improve efficiency, and enhance profitability. Below are some of the key

b. Q Ltd. produces a product involving 2 distinct processes of manufacture. The identical units are introduced in process A and the entire output is transferred to process B.

From the following particulars prepare the relevant process accounts.

Particulars	₹
Materials
Process A (10560units introduced)	263950
Process B	55610
Direct Labour
Process A	63000
Process B	132000

There was no opening or closing stock in process A and process B. Works overheads are absorbed @ 40% of Direct labour in all processes. There were no spoiled units in any process.

Ans 2b.

The process accounts for Process A and Process B can be prepared as follows:

Process A Account:

Particulars	₹	₹
To Materials (10560 units introduced)	263950

3a. Explain any 3 types of operating costing.

Ans 3a.

There are 3 types of operating costing

Transport costing
Power and distribution costing
Boiler house costing

1. Transport costing: The costing in the transport industry meets multiple objectives.

These objectives can be segregated as follows by the type of transport service an organisation

3b. Explain the need of reconciliation of costing records and financial records.

Ans 3b.

The reconciliation of costing records and financial records is a critical process in business accounting. Costing records refer to the records that capture the cost of production or provision of goods and services, while financial records encompass the overall financial transactions and statements of a company. Reconciling these two sets of records is essential

ASSIGNMENT

SESSION	MARCH 2023
PROGRAM	BACHELOR of COMMERCE (B.Com.)
SEMESTER	III
course CODE & NAME	DCM2104 – BUSINESS STATISTICS
CREDITS	4
NUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks	02 30 Marks each

Set – 1

1. (a) Discuss limitations of Statistics. Also summarize how Statistics is useful in accountancy and auditing.

Ans 1 (a).

Statistics with all its wide application in every sphere of human activity has its own limitations. Some of them are given below.

1. Statistics is not suitable to the study of qualitative phenomenon: Since statistics is basically a science and deals with a set of numerical data, it is applicable to the study of only these subjects of enquiry, which can be expressed in terms of quantitative measurements. As

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(b) Calculate the mean of the following frequency distribution:

X 2 4 6 8 10

F 1 4 6 4 1

Ans:

The mean (or average) of a frequency distribution can be calculated by multiplying each value of the variable by its corresponding frequency, summing those products, and then dividing by the total frequency.

Given the frequency distribution:

X: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 F: 1, 4, 6, 4, 1

2. (a) Describe requisites of a good measure of dispersion.

Ans 2(a)

A good measure of dispersion should meet certain prerequisites to adequately fulfill its purpose. Here are the major requirements:

1. Robustness: A useful measure of dispersion should be less susceptible to extreme values, and therefore not dramatically change when outliers are introduced or removed. It should give a fair representation of the data’s spread irrespective of such

(b) Demonstrate the uses of Regression Analysis? Give five examples where the use of regression analysis can beneficially be made.

Ans 2b.

The term “regression” is used to denote estimation or prediction of the average value of one variable for a specified value of the other variable. The estimation is done by means of suitable equations, derived on the basis of available bivariate data. Such an equation is known as regression equation and its geometrical representation is called regression

3.(a) Explain various methods of Secular Trends.

Ans 3(a)

Secular trends refer to long-term patterns or shifts in a given set of data. These trends are often used in economics, demography, finance, and many other fields to forecast future outcomes or interpret historical patterns. There are various methods of identifying and analyzing secular trends,

(b) Describe t-test and assumptions related to this test?

Ans 3(b)

The t-test is a statistical hypothesis test that allows researchers to compare the means of two groups to determine if they are significantly different from each other. It is based on the Student’s t-distribution, a probability distribution that is used when the sample size is small or when the population standard deviation is unknown.

Set – 2

1. Interpret the meaning of tabulation? Illustrate the requisites of a standard table and analyse the main purposes of tabulation?

Ans 1.

Tabulation, in the realm of data processing, is the systematic arrangement of data in rows and columns. It involves presenting complex data in a simple, concise, and easy-to-understand format that is accessible to non-specialists. A tabulated data set assists in visualizing patterns, trends, and discrepancies in the information and is vital for decision-

2. Describe errors in hypothesis testing. Compare the major differences between type-I error and type-II error.

In the realm of hypothesis testing, errors are an intrinsic part of the process, affecting the validity of the results. Hypothesis testing is a statistical method used to make inferences or draw conclusions about populations based on sample data. Despite its widespread application across numerous disciplines, there are inherent uncertainties involved. These uncertainties result in errors, most notably known as Type I and Type II errors. These errors are not due to

3. (a) Discuss the problems that are involved in construction of index numbers.

Ans 3(a)

Index numbers are statistical measures designed to represent changes in a variable or a group of related variables over time. They are vital tools for economists, policymakers, and businesses, allowing them to track economic trends, inflation rates, or the performance of specific industries. Despite their crucial role, the construction of index numbers is fraught

(b) What do you mean by report? Describe characteristics of an ideal report.

Ans 3(b)

A report is a structured document that presents detailed information on a particular topic in a clear and concise manner. It’s typically the outcome of an investigation or research and aims to inform, analyze, or recommend a course of

SESSION	April 2023
PROGRAM	BACHELOR OF Commerce
SEMESTER	III
course CODE & NAME	DCM2105–Financialstatement interpretation
CREDITS	4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks	02 30 Marks each

Q1a. “Analysis without interpretation is meaningless and interpretation without analysis is impossible”. Discuss in light ofthe above statement concept and the significance of financial statement analysis.

Ans 1a.

Financial statement analysis is the process of examining and evaluating a company’s financial statements for the purpose of making better economic decisions. These decisions can involve deciding whether to invest in the business, lend to it, or even work for it. Financial statement analysis may seem like a purely mathematical exercise with unambiguous outcomes, but the statement “Analysis without interpretation is meaningless, and interpretation without analysis

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Q1b. Explain the Components of the Income statement as per the revised Schedule III of the Companies act 2013.

Ans 1b.

The Companies Act 2013 requires all companies in India to prepare and present their financial statements in accordance with the schedule III of the act. The Income Statement or Statement of Profit and Loss, as per the revised Schedule III, consists of several components:

Revenue: This includes revenue from operations, which can be from the sale of goods or the

Q2. Following is the financial statement of Garima Ltd. Prepare the cash flow statement.

Particulars	Note No.	31^st March 2022	31^st March 2021
Particulars	Note No.	(₹)	(₹)
I) Equity and Liabilities
1. Shareholders’ Funds
a) Share capital	1	4,40,000	2,80,000
b) Reserve and surplus-Surplus	2	40,000	28,000
2. Current Liabilities
a) Trade payables		1,56,000	56,000
c) Short-term provisions		12,000	4,000
(Provision for taxation)
Total		6,48,000	3,68,000
II) Assets
1. Non-current assets
a) Fixed assets
i) Tangible		3,64,000	2,00,000
2. Current assets
a) Inventories		1,60,000	60,000
b) Trade receivables		80,000	20,000
c) Cash and cash equivalents		28,000	80,000
d) Other current assets		16,000	8,000
Total		6,48,000	3,68,000

Notes to Accounts
Particulars		31st March 2022	31st March 2021
Particulars		(₹)	(₹)
1. Share capital
a) Equity share capital		3,00,000	2,00,000
b) Preference share capital		1,40,000	80,000
		4,40,000	2,80,000
2. Reserve and surplus
Surplus in statement of profit and loss at the beginning of the year		28,000	—–
Add: Profit of the year		16,000	—–
Less: Dividend		4,000	—–
Profit at the end of the year		40,000	—–

*Additional Information*:

1. Interest paid on debenture ₹ 600
2. Dividend paid during the year ₹ 4,000
3. Depreciation charged during the year ₹ 32,000

Answer:

To prepare a cash flow statement, we typically need to break it down into three sections: Operating Activities, Investing Activities, and Financing Activities. We can start by calculating net cash flow from each of these activities.

Cash Flow from Operating Activities:

Start with the net profit for the year: ₹16,000

Q3. Prepare a schedule for changes in the working capital from the Balance sheet data given below:

	Dec 2020 (Rs.)	Dec 2021 (Rs.)
Capital & Liabilities:
Share Capital	6,00,000	7,50,000
Trade creditors	2,12,000	1,40,000
Profit & Loss A/c	28,000	62,000
	8,40,000	9,52,000
Assets:
Machinery	140,000	2,00,000
Stock-in-trade	2,42,000	2,72,000
Debtors	3,62,000	3,40,000
Cash	96,000	1,40,000
Total	8,40,000	9,52,000

Answer:

A schedule of changes in working capital can be prepared by calculating the working capital for each year and then finding the change from the previous year.

Working capital is typically calculated as Current Assets minus Current Liabilities.

From the provided Balance Sheet, we can identify Current Assets as:

Stock-in-trade
Debtors

Assignment Set – 2

4a. PQR Ltd. prepared and presented the financial statements for the financial year ending 31st March 2021. However, the company omitted ‘notes to accounts’ in its financial statements. You are required to comment on the validity of financial statements.

Ans 4a.

The omission of ‘notes to accounts’ in financial statements can be considered as a significant omission and affects the overall validity of the financial statements.

Notes to accounts, or footnotes, are integral components of financial statements because they provide detailed explanations of the numbers presented in the primary statements (i.e., the

4b. ₹ 4,00,000 is the cost of revenue from operations, inventory turnover is 5 times, stock at the beginning is 1.5 times of the stock at the end. Calculate the value of opening and closing stock.

Ans 4b.

Calculate the value of opening and closing stock using the provided information:

First, understand that the inventory turnover ratio is calculated as the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) divided by Average Inventory during the period. Here, we have the turnover ratio and COGS, but we also know that opening inventory is 1.5 times closing inventory.

Given:

COGS (Cost of revenue from operations) = ₹ 4,00,000

Q5a. State different techniques of earnings management.

Ans 5a.

Techniques of Earning Management

There are three types of techniques in earnings management they are:

· Aggressive & Abusive Accounting- Alludes to the quick increase in revenue recognition or sales. Abusive accounting uses the cookie jar, a huge bath, and other items to indicate that the year had a high

Q6. From the following Balance sheet of a concern for the year 2021 and 2022. Prepare a comparative Balance sheet and comment on the financial position of the concern:

Liabilities	2021	2022	Assets	2021	2022
Equity Share capital	6,00,000	8,00,000	Land & Buildings	3,70,000	2,70,000
Reserves & Surplus	3,30,000	2,22,000	Plant & machinery	4,00,000	6,00,000
Debentures	2,00,000	3,00,000	Furniture & Fixtures	20,000	25,000
Long-term loans on mortgage	1,50,000	2,00,000	Other fixed assets	25,000	30,000
Bills payable	50,000	45,000	Cash in hand and bank	20,000	80,000
Sundry creditors	1,00,000	1,20,000	Bills receivable	1,50,000	90,000
Other current Liabilities	5,000	10,000	Sundry Debtors	2,00,000	2,50,000
			Stock	2,50,000	3,50,000
			Prepaid Expenses		2,000
Total	14,35,000	16,97,000	Total	14,35,000	16,97,000

Ans 6.

Here’s the comparative balance sheet for the years 2021 and 2022:

	2021	2022	Increase/Decrease	Percentage change
LIABILITIES
Equity Share capital	600,000	800,000	200,000	33.33%
Reserves & Surplus	330,000	222,000	-108,000	-32.73%
Debentures	200,000	300,000	100,000	50%
Long-term loans on mortgage	150,000	200,000	50,000	33.33%
Bills payable	50,000	45,000	-5,000	-10%
Sundry creditors	100,000	120,000	20,000	20%
Other current Liabilities	5,000	10,000	5,000	100%

SESSION	MARCH 2023
PROGRAM	MASTER OF COMMERCE (M.COM.)
SEMESTER	I
COURSE CODE & NAME	DCM 6106-FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING & REPORTING
CREDITS	4
NUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & MARKS	02 30 Marks each

Assignment Set – 1

1.From the following information, create income statement and balance sheet of Sriram ltd. on 31st March 2021

Amount

Particulars Amount Particulars

Capital 207100 Cash at Bank 26000

Drawing 7000 Salaries 8000

Plant &Machine 120000 Repairs 1900

Delivery vehicle 26000 Opening Stock 16000

sundry debtors 36000 Rent 4500

Manufacturing

Sundry creditors 26000 Expenses 1500

Purchases 20000 Bills Payable 23500

Sales 42000 Bad debts 5000

Carriage

Wages 8000 Inwards 1600

Additional Information:

1. Closing stock wasRs.16000

2. Depreciate Plant & Machine @10% and Delivery vehicle@20%

3. Unpaid rent amounted toRs.1000

4. Provision for Bad debt is to be made at 10% 5+5 10

Ans:
Based on the information provided, we can construct the Income Statement (Profit & Loss Account) and Balance Sheet of Sriram Ltd. for the year ending 31st March 2021. Please note that depreciation is treated as an expense on the income statement, reducing the company’s profit, and is also used to reduce the book value of the asset on the balance sheet. Provisions

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2. Elaborate the conceptual framework of accounting as per qualitative characteristics and justify its necessity of adopting

Asn 2.

The conceptual framework of accounting is a set of principles that provides a coherent and consistent foundation for financial reporting. It’s a system of interconnected objectives and fundamentals that should lead to consistent standards. Essentially, it describes the fundamental concepts that underpin the preparation and presentation of financial statements

3. a) State the principles and method of recognizing Investment in Associate and Joint Venture in consolidated Financial Statements.

Ans:

Investments in associates and joint ventures are recognized under the equity method in consolidated financial statements according to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).

b) List disclosure of consolidated Financial Statements.

Ans:

The preparation and disclosure of consolidated financial statements are essential for ensuring transparency and providing a complete picture of a parent company’s overall health, including its subsidiaries. Here are some of the key components and disclosures typically included in

Assignment Set – 2

4. a) List out reporting areas that may be relevant to a particular company or organization when considering matters related to Corporate Responsibility (CR) in financial reporting.

Ans:

Corporate Responsibility (CR), also known as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), is a self-regulating business model that helps a company be socially accountable to itself, its stakeholders, and the public. It encompasses not only what companies do with their profits,

b) Explain is there any difference between the Impairment and Depreciation of Non -Current Assets.?

Difference between impairment and depreciation of non-current assets

Depreciation: This refers to the gradual reduction in the value of a non-current, tangible asset over its useful life. It reflects the wear and tear or obsolescence of an asset due to regular

5. Write short note on:

1. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).

Ans:

The IFRS addresses International Financial Reporting Standards are the rules and rules which every business entity needs to follow to guarantee their money-related reports are obvious with different firms all through the worldwide; these norms pick the way wherein the business

2. Triple Bottom Line

Ans:

The term triple bottom line concern acknowledges that associations should zero in on focusing as much on amicable and regular concerns as they do on benefits. TBL theory sets that there should be three: advantage, people, and the planet instead of one essential worry.

People+Planet=Social+Corporatesocial responsibility.

3. Type of employee benefits

Ans:

There are three types of employee benefits that are short term benefits, long-term benefits, and post-employment benefits.

A. Short term employee benefits:

4. Elements of Financial Statement.

Ans:

A Financial Statement comprises five primary elements that define a company’s financial health.

Assets: These are the resources owned by a company, including tangible items like property, equipment, and inventories, and intangibles such as patents, trademarks, and goodwill.

Liabilities: These are the company’s financial obligations or debts, like loans, accounts

6. “Integrated Reporting (IR) recognizes six comprehensive classifications of capital that organizations utilise to fulfil the demands of different stakeholders, including financial, human, social and relationship, manufactured, intellectual, and natural capitals”. Explain all the capitals involved as per integrated reporting in detail with examples.

Ans:
Integrated Reporting (IR) is a novel approach to corporate reporting that seeks to provide a more holistic view of an organisation’s value creation process. It acknowledges the multi-dimensional nature of value and recognises six capitals that organisations employ.

Financial Capital: This is the money that an organisation needs to run its operations. It includes funds obtained through financing, such as debt, equity, or internally generated

SESSION	MARCH 2023
PROGRAM	MASTER OF COMMERCE (M.COM.)
SEMESTER	I
COURSECODE&NAME	DCM6101–MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
CREDITS	4
NUMBEROFASSIGNMENTS& MARKS	02 30Markseach

Assignment Set – 1

1. Discuss the 14 principles of management.

The 14 principles of management were developed by Henri Fayol, a French engineer in the 19th and early 20th century, who is considered one of the forefathers of modern management theory. These principles offer a framework for managers to understand and apply in their management practices.

Division of Work: Specialization allows workers to improve their skills and

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2. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Enterprise Function.

Ans 2.

Enterprise function refers to the various major operational segments of a business, such as finance, marketing, production, human resources, and so on. These functions form the backbone of any organization and contribute towards its functioning, performance, and growth.

The advantages and disadvantages of enterprise functions:

3. Explain the importance of control in an organisation.

Ans 3.

Control is an essential aspect of organizational management that plays a crucial role in achieving the desired objectives and ensuring the efficient functioning of the organization. It involves monitoring, evaluating, and regulating various processes and activities within the organization to ensure they align with the predetermined goals

Assignment Set – 2

4. “Perception is perhaps the most important aspect of OB that we use in our daily life and in management.” Comment.

Ans 4.

“Perception” is an individual’s way of interpreting, understanding, and making sense of their environment and interactions. The term “organizational behavior” (OB) refers to the study of individuals and their behavior within the context of organizations in a workplace setting. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes sociology, psychology, communication, and

5. Explain the Goleman’s model of Emotional Intelligence (EI).

Ans 5.

Daniel Goleman’s model of Emotional Intelligence (EI) is one of the best-known models in this field. In his 1995 book “Emotional Intelligence – Why it can matter more than IQ”, Goleman proposed that Emotional Intelligence comprises five core competencies: self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills.

Self-Awareness: This is the ability to recognize and understand personal moods and

6. Differentiate between the Positive consequences and Negative consequences as an outcome of conflict.

Ans 6.

Positive consequences and negative consequences can both arise as outcomes of conflicts. Let’s explore the differences between them:

Positive Consequences of Conflict:

Increased Awareness: Conflict can lead to a deeper understanding of different perspectives, values, and beliefs. It allows individuals or groups to gain insights

SESSION	JAN/FEB 2023
PROGRAM	MASTER of COMMERCE (MCOM)
SEMESTER	I
course CODE & NAME	DCM6102 – MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS
CREDITS	4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks	02 30 Marks each

Assignment Set – 1

1. Define the term ‘managerial economics’. Explain significance of the study of managerial economics.

Ans 1.

Managerial Economics

Managerial economics is a science that deals with the application of various economic theories, principles, concepts and techniques to business management in order to solve business and management problems. It deals with the practical application of economic theory and methodology in decision-making problems faced by private, public and non-profit making organisations. The same idea has been expressed by Spencer and Siegelman, in the

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2. Define production function. State types and function of production function.

Ans 2.

Production function: The entire theory of production centres revolves around the concept of production function. A “production function” expresses the technological or engineering relationship between physical quantity of inputs employed and physical quantity of outputs obtained by a firm. It specifies a flow of output resulting from a flow of inputs during a specified period of time. It may be in the form of a table, a graph or an equation specifying

3. Explain different types of cost.

Ans 3.

The types of costs are as follows:

1. Money cost and real cost – When cost is expressed in terms of money, it is called as money cost. It relates to money outlays by a firm on various factor inputs to produce a commodity. In a monetary economy, all kinds of cost estimations and calculations are made in terms of money only. Hence, the knowledge of money cost is of great importance in economics. Exact measurement of money cost is possible. When cost is expressed in terms of

Assignment Set – 2

1. Explain causes of inflation in detail.

Ans 1.

Inflation refers to the overall general upward price movement of goods and services in an economy, often measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the Producer Price Index (PPI). When the inflation rate rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services, effectively reducing the purchasing power per unit of money.

There are various factors that contribute to inflation, which can be broadly classified into two

2. Explain different objectives of pricing policies.

Ans 2.

The objectives of pricing policies

While formulating its pricing policy, a firm has to consider various economic, social, political and other factors. The following objectives are to be considered while fixing the prices of the product:

1. Profit maximisation in the short term – The primary objective of the firm is to maximise its profits. Pricing policy as an instrument to achieve this objective should be formulated in

3. Define monetary policy. State the objectives of monetary policy in developing countries.

Ans 3.

Monetary policy

Monetary policy is a policy employed by central banks to control the supply of money, often targeting an inflation rate or interest rate to ensure price stability and general trust in the currency. The central bank achieves this by managing the country’s money supply through mechanisms such as modifying interest rates, buying or selling government bonds, regulating

SESSION	MARCH 2023
PROGRAM	MASTER of COMMERCE (MCOM)
SEMESTER	I
course CODE & NAME	DCM6103 – FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
CREDITS	4
Number OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks	02 30 Marks each

Assignment Set – 1

1(a) Define financial management. Also, describe various functions of financial management.

Ans 1(a)

Financial management is the art and science of managing money. Regulatory and economic environments have undergone drastic changes due to liberalisation and globalisation of changed the profile of Indian finance managers. Indian finance managers have transformed themselves from License Raj managers to well-informed, dynamic, proactive managers capable of taking decisions of complex nature.

Traditionally, financial management was considered as a branch of knowledge that focused

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b) Compare profit maximization and shareholder’s wealth maximization objective.

Ans:

Profit maximization and shareholder wealth maximization are two critical objectives in financial management. Both play pivotal roles in the business environment, but they significantly differ in their philosophy, implications, and overall focus.

Profit Maximization refers to a short-term objective of a business, aiming to achieve the

2. The following information has been extracted from the balance sheet of Surya Ltd.:

₹ in Lacs

Equity Share Capital 900

12% Preference Share Capital 900

18% Debentures 1,200

3,000

Ans 2.

Determine the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of the company. It had been paying dividends at a consistent rate of 25% per annum. Equity shares, preference shares and debentures are being traded at par. Tax rate is 35%.

The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is the average rate of return a company is

3(a) Describe the process of financial planning.

Ans.

Financial planning is a comprehensive process that helps individuals and businesses effectively manage their finances to achieve their goals and secure their future. Here’s a step-by-step description of the process:

Set Clear Objectives: The first step in financial planning is identifying your financial

(b) Determine the degree of operating, financial and combined leverage of a company from the following data:

Sales ₹25,00,000

Fixed Costs ₹7,50,000

Interest Charges ₹4,50,000

Variable expenses are 35% of sales.

Ans:

Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL)

Formula: DOL = Q * (P – V) / Q * (P – V) – F

Where:

Q = Quantity of Output

P = Price per Unit

Assignment Set – 2

1. Describe the assumptions and implications of ‘Net Income Approach’ and ‘Net Operating Income Approach’ of capital structure.

Ans:
Net Income Approach

The Net Income (NI) approach is a capital structure theory proposed by Durand which assumes that the capital structure of a firm significantly influences its market value. The primary assumptions of this approach are:

Cost of Debt is Less than Cost of Equity: The theory assumes that the cost of debt is less

2. Describe concept and determinants of working capital in detail.

Ans 2.

A large number of factors influence working capital needs of a firm. The basic objective of a firm’s working capital management is to ensure that the firm has adequate working capital for its operations, neither too much nor too little. Figure depicts factors that determine the working capital.

3. You have received a project proposal with a life expectancy of 5 years:

Particulars Years Amount in ₹

Initial Investment 0 3,00,000

Cash Inflows 1 60,000

2 60,000

3 90,000

4 1,10,000

5 90,000

Compute:

(a) Net Present Value of project applying discount rate of 7%

(b) Payback Period

Ans:
(a) The Net Present Value (NPV) of a project is calculated by discounting each cash inflow at the given discount rate and then subtracting the initial investment.

Here’s how we calculate the NPV for each year:

For Year 1:

₹60,000 / (1+0.07)^1 = ₹56,075.19

SESSION	Marh 2023
PROGRAM	master of commerce (M com)
SEMESTER	I
course CODE & NAME	DCM 6104 -cost analysis& control
CREDITS	4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks	02 30 Marks each

ASSIGNMENT SET-1

1(a) Discuss the functional classification of cost.

Ans 1a.

In cost accounting, costs are classified into various categories based on their functions within an organization. The functional classification of costs is important as it helps in understanding and analyzing the cost structure of a business. Here are the main functional

1(b) What are the factors to be considered while installing good costing system ?

Ans 1b.

When installing a good costing system, several factors should be considered to ensure its effectiveness and relevance to the organization’s needs. Here are some key factors to consider:

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2. Selling price per unit Rs.40

Variable cost per unit Rs.30

Fixed overheads Rs.40000

From the above given data calculate:

a. The breakeven sales in Rupees will be?

b. If sales are 20% above BEP, determine the net profit.

Ans 2.

To calculate the breakeven sales in rupees, we need to determine the breakeven point (BEP) first. The breakeven point is the level of sales at which total revenue equals total costs, resulting in zero profit.

The formula to calculate the breakeven point is:

BEP (in units) = Fixed overheads / (Selling price per unit – Variable cost per unit)

3(a) Explain the cost analysis in making or buy decision.

Ans 3a.

In the context of business decision-making, the “make or buy” decision refers to the choice between producing goods or services internally (making) or outsourcing them from external suppliers (buying). Cost analysis plays a crucial role in evaluating the financial implications

3(b) What is difference between allocation &apportionment of overhead?

Ans 3b.

In the context of cost accounting, both allocation and apportionment are methods used to distribute or assign overhead costs to various cost centers or products. While the terms “allocation” and “apportionment” are often used interchangeably, there is a subtle difference

ASSIGNMENT SET-2

4(a) State advantages and disadvantages of Just in Time.

Ans 4(a)

Just in Times gives advantages to the company and also to the customers of your company. JIT helps in reducing the cost of inventory, reduce payment timeline, reduce warehouse cost, reduce lead time, reduce planning complexity and improve the quality of products, etc.

4b. The activity levels of two months are given for May month production are 1000 units and semi variable cost is Rs. 14000 and for June month Production are 1200 units and semi variable cost is Rs. 16000.Calculate the variable and fixed elements by using comparison method.

Ans 4b.

To calculate the variable and fixed elements using the comparison method, we need to compare the activity levels of two months (May and June) and the corresponding semi-variable costs.

5(a) Explain the Types of Environmental cost.

Ans 5(a)

Types of Environmental cost

There has been a burden on various enterprises to minimise their environmental impact. To do this, enterprises are required to understand the concept of environmental costs. These costs can be divided into two classifications that are as below:

5(b)Explain any 5 principles of Total Quality Management?

Ans 5(b)

Principles of Total Quality Management

Total quality management consists of various vital principles executed together to accomplish business excellence. There are eight principles of TQM that were originated by an international organisation for controlling ISO quality standards. ISO allows

6(a) What are the advantages of marginal costing?

Ans 6(a)

The following are the advantages of marginal costing:

Marginal costing is simple to understand and easy to operate.
Closing stock is valued at marginal cost only. Thus, marginal costing shows the true valuation of closing stock by disregarding the illogical carry forward of fixed cost

6b. If sales are Rs.10,00,000; variable costs are Rs.4,00,000 and fixed cost are Rs.4,80,000; calculate the P/V Ratio and Margin of safety.

Ans 6b.

To calculate the P/V (Profit-Volume) ratio, you can use the following formula:

P/V Ratio = (Contribution / Sales) * 100

Contribution can be calculated by subtracting the variable costs from the sales. In this case:

SESSION	MAR 2023
PROGRAM	MASTER of COmmerce(M.COM.)
SEMESTER	I
course CODE & NAME	DCM6105 BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC LAWS
CREDITS	4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks	02 30 Marks each

Assignment Set – 1

1.“Contract is an agreement enforceable by law.” Support the statement and describe the essentials of a valid contract.

Ans 1.

The statement “Contract is an agreement enforceable by law” is supported by the legal concept of contracts. A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties that creates certain rights and obligations for each party involved. For a contract to be valid and enforceable, it must contain several essential elements. These essentials of a valid contract include:

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2. Discuss the rights and duties of an agent.

Ans 2.

As an agent, whether in the context of a legal representative, a business agent, or any other capacity, there are certain rights and duties that come with the role. Let’s discuss them in detail:

Rights of an Agent:

Right to Compensation: An agent has the right to receive reasonable compensation for

3. Define “Unpaid Seller” under Sales of Goods Act. Explain the rights of an unpaid seller.

Ans 3.

Under the Sales of Goods Act, an “unpaid seller” refers to a person or entity who has sold goods to a buyer on credit or under any other form of deferred payment arrangement, but has not yet received the full payment for those goods. The term “unpaid seller” applies to both the seller of the goods and any successors or legal representatives

Assignment Set – 2

1. Throw light on the benefits of the right to information from the purview of the Right to Information Act 2005.

Ans 1.

The Right to Information Act (RTI Act) of 2005 is a crucial legislation that empowers citizens in India to access information held by public authorities. It plays a significant role in promoting transparency, accountability, and participatory governance. Here are some benefits of the right to information under the purview of the RTI Act:

Transparency: The RTI Act ensures transparency by granting citizens the right to access

2. Elaborate the prime objectives and functions of SEBI under Securities & Exchange Board of India Act, 1992.

Ans 2.

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the regulatory authority responsible for overseeing the securities market in India. The prime objectives and functions of SEBI, as defined under the Securities and Exchange Board of

3. Compare the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 with newly enacted Consumer Protection Act 2019.

Ans 3.

The Consumer Protection Act, 1986, and the newly enacted Consumer Protection Act, 2019, both aim to safeguard the interests and rights of consumers in India. However, there are several significant differences between the two acts. Here’s a comparison of the two acts:

Scope and Applicability:

MAJM Solved Assignments MUJ 2023

June 16, 2023June 16, 2023 admin

SESSION	FEB/MAR 2023
PROGRAM	MASTER OF ARTS – JOURNALISM & MASS COMMUNICATION (MA JMC)
SEMESTER	I
COURSE CODE & NAME	DMJ6107 – BASICS OF AUDIO & VISUAL COMMUNICATION

Assignment Set – 1

‘Community radio stations have the capability to enlighten the rural development in India’. Discuss the statement with examples.

Ans:The statement that “Community radio stations have the capability to enlighten rural development in India” holds true, as community radio has the potential to play a significant role in empowering rural communities and fostering their development.

Here are some reasons supporting this statement along with examples:

Localized Information and Awareness: Community radio stations are rooted in local communities and focus

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How would you prepare yourself to interview a celebrity of your choice for a television channel?

Ans:Preparing for an interview with a celebrity for a television channel requires thorough research, planning, and professional conduct.

Here are the steps you can take to prepare yourself for such an interview:

Research the Celebrity:

“Writing for Television is different from writing for print, radio, or the internet”. Comment.

Ans:Writing for television is indeed different from writing for print, radio, or the internet. Here are some key aspects that distinguish television writing:

Visual Medium: Television is primarily a visual medium, and writing for television involves creating content that can be effectively translated into visuals and captured by cameras. Writers must consider the visual elements, such as set design, costumes, props, and actions, and write in a way that engages the audience visually.

Collaborative Process:

Assignment Set – II

Discuss in detail why TV serials and reality shows continue to attract large audiences everywhere.

Ans:TV serials and reality shows continue to attract large audiences for several reasons:

Entertainment and Escapism: TV serials and reality shows provide entertainment and escapism for viewers. They offer a break from daily routines and allow people to immerse themselves in engaging storylines, relatable characters, and intriguing conflicts. Whether it’s a gripping drama series or a reality competition, these shows offer a form of entertainment that captivates and engages audiences, allowing them to temporarily escape from their own lives.

Emotional Connection

‘Mushrooming of news channels may lead to high competition and thereby reduce the quality of the profession’. Critically examine the statement with examples.

Ans:The statement that the mushrooming of news channels may lead to high competition and thereby reduce the quality of the journalism profession can be examined from different perspectives.

Here are some critical points to consider:

Rush for Ratings

Write briefly regarding production stages – production, pre-production, and post-production with an example.

Ans:Production Stages in Filmmaking: Pre-production: Pre-production is the initial stage of filmmaking where all the planning and preparation takes place before the actual shooting begins. It involves various tasks such as scriptwriting, creating a production budget, securing funding, casting actors, scouting locations, designing sets, and creating a production schedul

SESSION	FEB/MAR 2023
PROGRAM	MASTER OF ARTS – JOURNALISM & MASS COMMUNICATION (MA JMC)
SEMESTER	I
COURSE CODE & NAME	DMJ6106 – DEVELOPMENT OF MEDIA

Assignment Set – 1

How is mass media a part of our everyday life? Elaborate with proper examples.

Ans: Mass media has become an integral part of our everyday lives, shaping how we receive and consume information, influencing our opinions, and providing entertainment.

Here are several ways in which mass media has a significant presence in our daily lives, along with examples:

News Consumption: Mass media, including newspapers, television news, radio, and online news sources, provide us with daily updates on local, national, and international events. We rely on these sources to

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In the context of the rapid growth of digital media, discuss the future of television as a mass communication channel.

Ans: The rapid growth of digital media has undoubtedly transformed the landscape of mass communication, including the television industry. While the future of television as a mass communication channel is evolving, it continues to hold relevance and adapt to changing consumer preferences

Discuss in detail the history and growth of All India Radio.

Ans: (AIR), known since 1956 as ‘Akashvani,’ is India’s national public radio broadcaster. It was established in 1936. AIR is the largest radio network globally broadcasting organisation all over the world in terms of the number of languages and the spectrum of socioeconomic and cultural diversity it serves. Its home service comprises 420 stations located across the country, reaching nearly 90%

Assignment Set – II

Analyse the influence of video/visual programs in cultivating violent behaviour among children.

Ans: The influence of video/visual programs on cultivating violent behavior among children is a topic of on-going debate and research.

While it is difficult to establish a direct causal relationship between watching violent content and engaging in violent behavior, there are several factors to consider when analysing this issue:

Observational Learning: Children, especially at a young age, are highly susceptible to observational learning. They tend to imitate behaviors they see in the media, including violence. When

‘Radio was considered the best medium for disseminating developmental issues to the rural mass.’ Express your views on this statement.

Ans: The statement that “Radio was considered the best medium for disseminating developmental issues to the rural mass” holds significant validity, particularly in the context of rural areas and developing regions.

Here are my views

Explain with suitable examples the impact of globalization on Indian cinema.

Ans: Globalization has had a significant impact on Indian cinema, both in terms of content and reach.

Here are some examples of how globalization has influenced Indian cinema:

Increased International Recognition: Indian films, particularly those from the Hindi film industry (Bollywood), have gained global recognition and a wider international audience. Films like “Slum dog Millionaire” (2008), directed by Danny Boyle, showcased Indian talent and culture to a global

SESSION	Jan/Feb 2023
PROGRAM	MASTER OF JOURNALISM AND MASS COMMUNICATION(MAJMC)
SEMESTER	I
course CODE & NAME	DMJ6105– Concept of news and reporting

Assignment Set – 1

What are news values? Explain with examples.

Ans:News values are determined by a set of simple factors or “news elements,” like proximity, influence, change, prominence, conflict, topic, usefulness, and rarity. Reporters typically consider seven news elements when making reporting decisions.

Any organisation producing content use the following seven news elements as a starting point and general

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What is a “Headline”? Explain different types of headlines in example?

Ans:Headlines are the main piece of your article composing. The primary thing can command the notice of your reader or web guest. Your headlines are your first genuine place of association with your forthcoming client, so you need to get them right. Your headlines are imperative to your reader as it is an extraordinary pointer of your actual ‘conduct.’

Types of

“Inverted pyramid style of news writing helps in better understanding of news”. Explain the statement.

Ans:The statement “Inverted pyramid style of news writing helps in better understanding of news” is accurate. The inverted pyramid style is a widely used approach in news writing where the most important information is presented at the beginning of the article, followed by supporting details in descending order of importance. This structure allows readers to quickly grasp the main points of

Assignment Set – 2

“Information gathering is a technique as well as an art”. Explain the statement how various techniques and sources that are used for gathering news.

Ans:The statement “Information gathering is a technique as well as an art” highlights the dual nature of gathering news. It involves both technical skills and a creative approach to gather accurate and compelling information. Journalists employ various techniques and sources to gather news, combining their

Write short notes on the following:
a) Reporting Ethics

Ans: Reporting ethics refers to the principles and guidelines that journalists and media organizations adhere to when gathering, verifying, and disseminating news stories. Ethical journalism aims to provide accurate, fair, and responsible reporting that upholds the public’s right to information and serves the public interest.

Here are some key

What is a vox pop? Explain the different types of Vox-Pop.

Ans:’Vox Pop’ comes from the Latin word ‘vox populi’, which means ‘Voice of People’. The Vox Pop is used in media to provide a snapshot of public opinion. Various random questions are asked in vox pop to have people’s views on a particular topic and presented to reflect popular opinion. Vox pops can be published in newspapers or recorded for radio and televis

SESSION	March 2023
PROGRAM	Journalism & Mass COMMUNICATION
SEMESTER	I
course CODE & NAME	DMJ6104 Communication theories & Models

Assignment Set – 1

Questions

Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative research. Provide examples.

Ans: Quantitative Research Quantitative research methods are intended to create statistically valid data that reveals the number of people who do or believe something. Quantitative data is usually expressed numerically in the form of averages, ratios, or ranges. When doing a large-scale needs assessment or baseline survey, quantitative research is extremely valuable. It also involves a deductive approach to the relationship between theory and research, emphasising testing theories. It also incorporates practices and norms of the natural scientific model and

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Explain how mass communication is different from other forms of communication.
Ans: Mass communication is a distinct form of communication that differs from other types of communication based on several key characteristics. Here’s an explanation of how mass communication sets itself apart: Audience Size and Reach: Mass communication involves the dissemination of

Define theory. Discuss the characteristics of a good theory.

Ans: The term “theory” refers to a “system of concepts and statements, models, or principles that, when applied together, make the empirical world more understandable.” The theory explains the phenomenon based on a set of criteria, whereas the paradigm offers the context or framework within which a theory can be tested and quantified.

Reviewing of all previous findings of similar studies, simple logical deductions, and knowledge of

Write a short note on empiricism.

Ans: Empiricism is the belief that all knowledge is derived from sense perception and emphasises the importance of experience and evidence. It argues that only a posteriori knowledge can be gained by human beings (i.e., based on experience). Similarly, most empiricists reject the idea of innatism or innate ideas (that the mind is born with ideas or knowledge and is not

Analyse the social constructivist paradigm using suitable examples.

Ans: The social constructivist paradigm is a theoretical framework within social sciences that emphasizes the role of social interactions, language, and shared meanings in the construction of knowledge and

Assignment Set – 2

Examine critically the social responsibility theory of media and its relevance in contemporary society.

Ans: The social responsibility theory of media is a normative theory that suggests the media has a responsibility to serve the public interest and function as a watchdog for democracy. It argues that media organizations should be accountable for their actions, provide accurate and unbiased information, and promote the well-being of society. However, while the theory has its merits, its relevance in contemporary society can be subject to critical examinati

Discuss the significance of models in communication. Write a critique of Aristotle’s communication model.

Ans: Significance of Models in Communication: Models play a crucial role in the field of communication by providing simplified representations of complex communication processes.

Here are some key reasons why models are significant in communication:

Understanding

Analyse critically the agenda setting theory of communication with appropriate examples.

Ans: The agenda-setting theory of communication suggests that the media plays a significant role in influencing the public’s perception of social issues by determining the prominence and salience of topics. It posits that the media’s selection and presentation of news stories shape the public’s agenda and the issues they perceive as important. While the theory has garnered considerable attention and suppo

SESSION	MArch 2023
PROGRAM	MAJMC
SEMESTER	I
course CODE & NAME	DMJ6103; Fundamentals of Photography

Set – 1

What are the fundamental principles of photography and how do they impact the final image?

Ans:The fundamental principles of photography are the basic concepts and techniques that guide photographers in capturing compelling and visually appealing images. Understanding these principles is crucial for controlling the technical aspects of photography and creating impactful

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What is the importance of lighting in photography, and how can different lighting techniques be used to create different moods and emotions in an image?

Ans:Lighting plays a crucial role in photography, as it has a significant impact on the overall mood, atmosphere, and emotional tone of an image. Understanding how to use different lighting techniques can help photographers create specific moods and evoke desired emotions.

Here’s an

What is the difference between manual and auto mode? What are the basic rules of composition in photography?

Ans: The difference between manual and auto mode in photography lies in how the camera settings are controlled:

Manual Mode: In manual mode, the photographer has full control over all the camera settings, including aperture, shutter speed, ISO, white balance, and focus. The photographer manually adjusts these settings based on their creative intent, the lighting conditions, and the desired

Set – 2

What are some common challenges faced by photographers, and what techniques can be used to overcome them and achieve successful results?

Ans: Photography comes with its own set of challenges, regardless of the genre or skill level of the photographer.

Here are some common challenges faced by photographers and techniques to overcome them:

Lighting Challenges: Low Light: In situations with low light, use a wider aperture (lower f-stop) to allow more light into the camera or increase the ISO to boost the sensor’s sensitivity. Alternatively, use a tripod

What is the golden rule in photography? What is the difference between mobile and traditional photography?

Ans: The “golden rule” in photography is not a widely recognized term or principle. It may be a misinterpretation or confusion with the “rule of thirds,” which is a commonly known guideline in photography composition. The rule of thirds suggests dividing the frame into a grid of nine equal parts by drawing two horizontal lines and two vertical lines.

The main subject or points of interest are ideally placed along these lines or at their intersections. While the golden rule is not a specific concept in photography, there are several other

How does the use of different camera angles and perspectives affect the visual storytelling of an image, and what are some common techniques used in this regard?

Ans: The use of different camera angles and perspectives can greatly impact the visual storytelling of an image. By changing the viewpoint, photographers can evoke specific emotions, convey messages, emphasize certain elements, and create a unique narrative.

Here’s how camera angles and

SESSION	March 2023
PROGRAM	Journalism & Mass COMMUNICATION
SEMESTER	I
course CODE & NAME	DMJ6102 Social structure & current affairs

Assignment Set – 1

Explain the concept of social structure. Briefly discuss the various elements of social structure.

Ans:”Social structure indicates an ordered arrangement of parts which can be treated transferable being relatively invariant while the other parts themselves are variable”. The word ‘structure’ means an arrangement of parts or components in a systemic pattern. It is a combined picture of interrelated components of any whole. Just as a building structure is made up of bricks, iron, wood, and many other materials, these components work together to make a designed

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Define social movement. Explain different types of social movements with examples

Ans:Social movements affect society, but they can inspire following social activities. The Indian national movement influenced the development of the Indian Constitution. And how the Indian Constitution played a significant part in bringing about societal transformation. The social revolution of the 19th century, the campaigns against caste and gender discrimination, and

Analyse gender stereotyping in the media using appropriate example/s.

Ans:Gender stereotyping in the media refers to the portrayal of individuals in ways that reinforce traditional and limiting gender roles and expectations. It perpetuates stereotypes and biases, which can have negative effects on individuals and society as a whole.

Here’s an analysis of gender stereotyping in the media using appropriate examples:

Portrayal of Women:

Assignment Set – 2

Write your perspective on the recent decision by the National Council of Educational Research and Training’s (NCERT) to omit certain sections from history textbooks for class 12. Provide justification for your response.

Ans:As an AI language model, I don’t have personal opinions or perspectives. However, I can provide a general analysis of the recent decision by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) to omit certain sections from history textbooks for class 12.

The decision to omit sections from history textbooks should be critically evaluated based on the justification provided and

Define society. Discuss the differences between traditional and modern society.

Ans:As an AI language model, I don’t have personal opinions or perspectives.

However, I can provide a general analysis of the recent decision by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) to omit certain sections from history textbooks for class 12. The decision to omit sections from history textbooks should be critically evaluated based on the justification provided and the potential implications it may have on students’ educatio

Examine the impact of digital activism in bringing societal change in your country. Provide appropriate example/s.

Ans: Digital activism, also known as online activism or e-activism, refers to the use of digital platforms and technologies to promote social and political causes, raise awareness, mobilize supporters, and bring about societal change. In many countries, digital activism has played a significant role in shaping public discourse, challenging established power structures, and advocating for various

SESSION	JAN/FEB 2023
PROGRAM	MAJMC
SEMESTER	I
course CODE & NAME	DMJ6101; Basics of language

Set – 1

Define Nouns and Pronouns. Elucidate the different types of Nouns.

Ans: A noun is a word used to refer to people, objects, animals, substances, events, states and feelings. A noun can be a subject or an object of a verb, can be modified by an adjective and can take an article or determiner.

For example:

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Elaborate upon the steps of Copy editing in your own words.

Ans: Copy Editing is making grammar, spelling, punctuation, and semantics correct. It involves formatting variations and other enhancements to the document and also requires various abilities, including excellent language, an eye for detail, and alertness to find irregularities. Copyediting ensures that the true essence of the story reaches the audience. It is making sure that the facts quoted in the document are accurate. It draws the attention of authorities. In actuality, copy editing is a broad word that differs from one company to the next. As a result, some copy

Describe Jargons, Slangs and Metaphors in detail giving appropriate

Ans: ‘Jargon’ refers to technical terms that belong to a particular subject area or discipline.

For example, medical jargon would include terms that only medical practitioners can understand. These terms cannot be understood by the common man.

Some of the terms in the medical jargon are, ’agonal’ meaning a major negative change in a patient’s

Set – 2

What do you understand by Proofreading? Enlist the steps involved in proofreading.

Ans: Proofreading checks a copy to show perusing composed work and denoting any mistakes. These mix-ups most regularly include spelling, language, accentuation, and consistency. Proofreading is the ending of the editing process, and it focuses on minor problems like misspellings and grammatical andpunctuation faults. After completing all of your other editing

Discuss the three parts of a sentence as well as the two Components of a sentence. Explain the different types of Sentences.

Ans:The three parts of a sentence and the two components of a sentence, as well as the different types of sentences.

Three Parts of a Sentence: A sentence typically consists of three essential parts: Subject: The subject is the part of the sentence that performs the action or is being described. It usually answers the question “Who?” or “What?” For example, in the sentence “John eats an apple,” “John” is the subject.

Verb: The

Suppose you need to write a news script. Elucidate the writing methodology in detail.

Ans: News Scripts News script is the last update of any event or programme carried forward for the papers, blog, publication distributor, magazine, survey site. TV news is timely compared to print news writing that relates a bigger story, putting all the facts into context. News scriptwriting is a structural and strict process in the sense that it should cover all the relevant

MBA 2 Sem March MUJ 2023 Assignments

June 16, 2023June 16, 2023 admin

SESSION	MARCH 2023
PROGRAM	MASTER of business administration (mBA)
SEMESTER	II
course CODE & NAME	dmba201 – PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
CREDITS	4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks	02 30 Marks each

Assignment Set – 1

1(a). Explain the functions of Production Planning and Control

Ans 1(a)

Functions of Production Planning and Control

The functions of production control are dispatching and expediting. Figure depicts the production control function.

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1(b). What is meant by Differentiation Strategy? Explain briefly.

Ans 1(b)

Differentiation strategy

Differentiation is a process by which a company distinguishes itself from its competitors and their offerings. The process includes adding a set of differentiators, which are meaningful, and adds value for the customer. The differences should be perceived by the customer as important,

2(a). Discuss Strategic Importance of Forecasting

Ans 2(a)

Strategic Importance of Forecasting

Forecast is very much required for all types of industrial activity and also for those industries which are purely in the service sector like healthcare and education. Good forecasts are of critical importance in all aspects of a business: The forecast is the only estimate of demand until the actual demand becomes known. Therefore, forecast is said to drive decisions in many business areas. Forecast influences three key activities. They are:

Human

2(b). Why redesign of existing layout may be necessary?

Ans 2(b)

Many occasions demand a redesign of existing layout both due to expansion of capacity and due to technical reasons. Most common reasons for redesign of layouts include the following:

Efficiency and productivity improvement: A redesign may be required to optimize the layout and improve workflow efficiency. By analyzing the current layout, identifying bottlenecks, and

3(a). Describe the general factors that influence the plant location decision.

Ans 3a.

The decision of where to locate a plant is influenced by various factors that can be broadly categorized into economic, geographic, political, and social factors. Here are some of the general factors that influence the plant location decision:

Proximity to Raw

3(b) State the elements of operations strategy.

Ans 3(b).

Elements of operations strategy

The six elements of operations strategy are:

1) Designing of the production system

2) Facilities for production and services

3) Product or service

Assignment Set – 2

1. Briefly describe various approaches to TQM.

Ans 1

Various approaches to TQM

Total quality management (TQM) has different approaches towards its achievement. The basic thrust of each of these is realising excellence. All the approaches have a lot in common; however, the emphasis shifts from one to other. Needless to say, each organisation will use any of these or even a

2(a). What are the objectives and tasks involved in scoping?

Ans 2(a).

The main objective of scoping is to:

Define the project boundaries.
State the objectives that the project will cover.
Provide directions to the project and to enable assessment of the final products quality.

Scoping of project enables the manager to prepare an outline of the project plan.

Outline of the project plan

For any project work to be

2(b). What is Bullwhip Effect in Supply Chain Management and how can it be prevented?

Ans 2(b)

Bullwhip Effect in SCM An organisation always goes through ups and downs. It is necessary that the managers of the organisation keep track of the market conditions and analyse the changes. They must take decisions on the resources and make necessary changes within the organisation to meet the market demands. Failing to do so may result in wild swings in the orders. This may

3(a). What are the various steps in project monitoring and controlling? Explain briefly.

Ans 3(a)

Steps for Monitoring and Controlling a Project

The various steps involved in monitoring and controlling a project from start to end are depicted in figur

3(b). What are the types of wastes to be eliminated according to Just-in-time.

Ans 3(b)

The key processes to eliminate the waste are listed below:

 Kanban for material flow

 High quality production

 Small and uniform workloads

 Suppliers as partners

 Flexible workforce

SESSION	MARCH 2023
PROGRAM	MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
SEMESTER	II
course CODE & NAME	DMBA202 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
CREDITS	4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks	02 30 Marks each

Assignment Set – 1

1. Assuming wealth maximization to be the objective of financial management, show how the financing, investment and dividend decisions of the company can help to attain this objective.

Ans 1.

Wealth maximization as an objective of financial management aims to increase the value of the firm over the long term, which in turn benefits shareholders through increased stock prices and dividends. The three primary financial management decisions — financing, investment, and dividend — play a crucial role in attaining this objective.

Financing Decision: This involves determining the best capital structure or the mix of debt and equity. The company needs to find the right balance where the cost of capital is minimized. By minimizing the cost of capital, a firm can increase its value as less cost means more profits, which can be

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2. Surya Ltd. has the following book value capital structure:

Million (Rs.)

Equity Capital (10 million shares, Rs.10 par) 100

Preference Capital, 11% (100000 shares Rs.100) 10

Retained earnings 120

Debentures, 13.5% (500000 debentures Rs.100) 50

Term loans 12% 80

360

The next expected dividend per share is Rs.1.50. The dividend per share is expected to grow at the rate of 7%. The market price per share is Rs.20. Preference stock, redeemable after 10 years is currently selling for Rs.75 per share. Debentures, redeemable after 6 years are selling for Rs.80 per debenture. The tax rate for the company is 50%.

Calculate the weighted average cost of capital using:

Book value proportions and
Market value proportions.

Ans:

First identify the different costs and proportions.

Cost of Equity (Ke): This will be calculated using the Gordon Growth Model. It’s given by D1 / P0 + g, where D1 is the expected dividend, P0 is the market price of the share, and g is the growth rate.
Cost of Preference Capital (Kp): This can be calculated as D / P, where D is the dividend and P is the

3. Examine the various techniques employed to adjust the time value of money.

Ans 3.

There are two methods by which the time value of money can be calculated:

 Compounding technique

 Discounting technique

Compounding

Assignment Set – 2

1. The following information has been extracted from the cost sheet of a company:

Rs. Per unit

Raw materials 45

Direct labour 20

Overheads 40

Total 105

Profit 15

Selling Price 120

The following further information is available:

Raw materials are in stock on an average two months
The materials are in process on an average for 4 weeks. The degree of completion is 50% in all respects
Finished goods stock on an average is for one month
Time lag in payment of wages and overheads is 1 ½ weeks.
Time lag in receipt of proceeds from debtors is 2 months
Credit allowed by suppliers is one month
20% of the output is sold against cash.
The company expects to keep a cash balance of Rs.10000
Take 52 weeks per annum.
Calculation of debtors may be made at a selling price.
The company is poised to manufacture 14400 units in the year.

You are required to prepare a statement showing the working capital requirements of the company.

Ans 1.
To calculate the working capital requirements, we need to determine the company’s current assets and current liabilities.

Current assets consist of:

Raw Material Stock

2. Are there any considerations other than profitability to be made in managerial decisions about investment proposals? Explain these.

Ans 2.

While profitability is indeed a key consideration in managerial decisions about investment proposals, it is far from being the only factor. Here are several other important considerations:

Risk: Every investment comes with a certain degree of risk. It’s essential for managers to assess the level of risk and consider whether it aligns with the company’s risk tolerance.

Strategic Fit: The investment proposal needs to align with the organization’s strategic goals. Even a profitable

3. “Efficient cash management will aim at maximizing the cash inflows and slowing cash outflows”. Elaborate the statement by highlighting the objectives of cash management.

Ans 3.

Objectives of Cash Management

The major objectives of cash management in a firm are:

 Meeting payments schedule

 Minimising funds held in the form of cash balances

Meeting payments schedule

In the normal course of functioning, a firm has to make various payments by cash to its employees, suppliers and infrastructure bills. Firms will also receive cash through sales of its products and collection of receivables. Both of these do not occur simultaneously. The basic objective of cash

SESSION	MARCH 2023
PROGRAM	MBA
SEMESTER	II
course CODE & NAME	DMBA203 Marketing management
CREDITS	4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks	02 30 Marks each

Set – 1

1. Define Marketing? Explain any two concepts of the marketing

Ans 1.

Marketing: Marketing is the management process which facilitates the movement of goods and services from concept (advertising, product development, etc.) to the customer. The philosophy of marketing is based on a notion about the business in terms of customer needs and their satisfaction. In simple terms, marketing can be described as ‘the art of anticipating and serving customer needs’. Marketing differs from selling because (in the words of Harvard Business School’s emeritus professor of marketing Theodore C. Levitt) “Selling concerns itself with the tricks and

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2. Discuss and elaborate the drawbacks of marketing information system

Ans 2.

A marketing information system (MIS) is a framework used by organizations to collect, organize, analyze, and distribute relevant marketing information to support decision-making processes. While MIS offers several benefits, it also has certain drawbacks that organizations should be aware of. Here are some of the drawbacks of a marketing information system:

Cost:

3. Explain the stages of ‘Product Life Cycle’.

Ans 3.

Products follow certain kinds of lifecycle patterns. Let us discuss the different stages in the lifecycle of products.

Figure depicts a product lifecycle consisting of four stages of introduction, growth, maturity, and decline.

Set – 2

1. What is consumer behavior? Discuss the factors affecting consumer behavior

Ans 1.

Consumer behaviour

The mental and emotional processes and the observable behaviour of consumers during searching, purchasing, and post -consumption of a product or service.

Consumer behavior

2. What is CRM? Explain the ways of CRM

Ans 2.

CRM refers to the holistic approach that an organisation can take to manage their relationships with customers, including policies related to contact with customers, collecting, storing, and analysing customer information and the technologies needed to perform these tasks. You should think of CRM as a strategic process that will help you understand your customer’s needs and how

3. Explain the techniques of sales promotion

Ans 3.

Techniques of sales promotion

We will discuss this under three heads – sales promotions directed at consumer, sales promotions directed at trade partners, and sales promotions directed at sales force.

Sales promotions

SESSION	MARCH 2023
PROGRAM	MASTER of Business Administration (MBA)
SEMESTER	II
course CODE & NAME	DMBA204 mANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
CREDITS	4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks	02 30 Marks each

Assignment Set – 1

1. Discuss the history of Computing.

Ans 1.

Computers or general purpose computing devices were invented in the middle of the 20th century, but the ideas they are based on evolved a century earlier. Charles Babbage, a renowned British mathematician, fi rst conceived the idea of a computing device in the 1820s when he was confronted with the problem of errors creeping into navigation charts at the time of their writing. In those days this work was done by clerks who used manual methods of pencils, rough paper Its Half solved only

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2. What is IT interaction model? Explain.

Ans 2.

Managing IS in organisations is a highly challenging and complex task. One reason for this complexity is that neither organisations nor the IS they use remain static over time – both change continuously, and it is the job of management to ensure that the systems remain useful and relevant for their

3. How are management information systems different from transaction processing systems?

Ans 3.

Transaction processing systems?

A transaction is any activity of the organisation that generates information. For example, the activities related to buying a ticket from the Indian Railways generates many transactions, each of which produces information that is recorded by the systems. Some transactions involve exchange of goods or services while others may be purely informational. A transaction processing system

Assignment Set – 2

1. What are the different ways of making online payments? Explain

Ans 1.

Different ways of making online payments

One of the biggest challenges posed to e-commerce has been the issue of payments. In a typical commercial transaction conducted manually, a customer is able to pay cash for a purchased item or pay by credit card. If it is by credit card, this transaction is verifi ed by a service to ensure that the card is

2. What are the facilities an organization could have from ‘Customer Relationship Management System’?

Ans 2.

A Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system offers numerous facilities and benefits to an organization. Here are some key facilities that organizations can have from a CRM system:

Centralized Customer Data: CRM systems provide a centralized database where all customer information is stored. This includes contact details, interactions, purchase history, preferences, and any other relevant data. Having all this information in one place allows for easy access and a comprehensive view of

3. Why is vendor management important? What are the key issues to consider for managing vendors carefully?

Ans 3.

Vendors are located and identifi ed through different processes. Usually, organisations release advertisements stating their requirements in the popular media, and ask for vendors to respond. In other cases, vendors may be found in online and published listings of industry and commerce

SESSION	MARCH 2023
PROGRAM	MASTER of business administration (MBA)
SEMESTER	II
course CODE & NAME	DMBA205 – OPERATIONS RESEARCH
CREDITS	4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks	02 30 Marks each

Assignment Set – 1

1. What is Operations Research? Discuss the importance of O.R. in decision making process.

Ans 1.

Operations Research

Operations Research (O.R.), also known as Operational Research, is a discipline that uses advanced analytical methods to help make better decisions. O.R. applies mathematics, statistics, and other quantitative techniques to solve complex problems and improve operational efficiency.

Churchman, Aackoff, and Aruoff defined operations research as “the application of scientific methods, techniques

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2. Use Two-Phase Simplex Method to solve the following linear programming problem:

Maximize Z = 5×1+8×2

Subject to: 3×1 + 2×2 ≥3

x1 + 4×2 ≥4

x1 + x2≤5

wherex1, x2 ≥ 0

Ans 2.

Problem involves inequalities of “greater than or equal to” in the constraints, which doesn’t directly conform to the usual setup where the constraints are in the form of “less than or equal to”. To rectify this, we need to rewrite these inequalities by multiplying them by -1, effectively transforming them into “less than or equal to” constraints. We also have to remember to reverse the inequality direction when multiplying by a negative number. After that, we can apply the two-

3. Find the optimum solution of the following Transportation problem using MODI method:

Destination

Supply D1 D2 D3 D4 Supply

S1 21 16 25 13 11

S2 17 18 14 23 13

S3 32 27 18 41 19

Demand 6 10 12 15

Ans 3.

In order to find the optimal solution using the MODI (Modified Distribution) Method, we first need to find an initial feasible solution using either the North-West Corner Method, Minimum Cost Method, or Vogel’s Approximation Method.

The MODI method can then be used to check for optimality and improve the initial feasible solution if necessary. Please note that MODI method only works if you already have a feasible basic solut

Assignment Set – 2

4.a) What is Simulation? Write the advantages of Simulation.

Ans 4(a)

Simulation

Using simulation, an analyst can introduce the constants and variables related to the problem, set up the possible courses of action and establish criteria which act as measures of effectiveness. The major reasons for applying simulation technique to OR problems may be listed as below:

It is an appropriate too

4b) Write any five difference between CPM and PERT?

Ans 4(b)

Difference between CPM and PERT

There are no essential differences between PERT and CPM as both of them share in common the determination of a critical path. Both are based on the network representation of activities and their scheduling, which determines the most critical activities to be controlled in order to meet the

5. The following table gives the activities in a construction project and other relevant information:

Activity (y)	Optimistic Time (in days)	Most likely Time(in days)	Pessimistic Time (in days)
1-2	30	44	54
1-3	8	12	16
2-3	1	2	3
2-4	2	3	5
3-4	8	10	12
4-5	14	22	25

i) Draw a PERT diagram and mark clearly the Critical Path.

ii) Determine the expected project length?

iii) What is the probability that the project would be successfully completed in less than 60 days? 4+2+4 10

Ans:

6. What is two-person zero sum game? Reduce the following game by dominance property and solve it:

Player B

Player A B1 B2 B3 B4 B5

1 3 2 7 4

3 4 1 5 6

6 5 7 6 5

2 0 6 3 1

Ans:

A two-person zero-sum game is a type of game in which one player’s gain is the other player’s loss. In other words, the sum of the payoffs for each player is zero in every outcome. These types of games are very prevalent in economic theory and game theory.

Reducing a game by

SESSION	MARCH 2023
PROGRAM	Master of business administration (MBA)
SEMESTER	II
course CODE & NAME	DMBA206 – PROJECT MANAGEMENT
CREDITS	4
Number OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks	02 30 Marks each

Assignment Set – 1

1. What is project management? Explain the phases of project management life cycle.

Ans 1.

Project management:

Project management is the art of organising, coordinating, and controlling the various tasks and resources in order to complete a project successfully.

Project management is the practice of planning, organizing, and overseeing the execution of a project from its initiation to its completion. It involves applying knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to meet

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2. What do you mean by work breakdown structure? Explain with the help of suitable format.

Ans 2.

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

The entire project may be considered to be made up of a number of tasks and sub-tasks placed in different stages called the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). The format for WBS design is used differently by different organizatiions. Mostly graphics is used to display the project components as a hierarchical tree

3. Differentiate between PERT and CPM.

Ans 3.

PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) and CPM (Critical Path Method) are both project management techniques used to plan, schedule, and control projects. While they share similarities and are often used together, there are distinct differences between the two. Here’s a breakdown

Assignment Set – 2

1. Explain the tools and techniques of quality planning along with its outcome.

Ans 1.

Quality planning is a crucial process in project management that aims to define and establish the quality objectives, standards, and guidelines for a project. It involves determining the quality requirements, identifying the necessary processes and resources, and creating a plan to ensure that the project meets those requirements.

Tools and techniques to

2. What is contract management? What are its Phases?

Ans 2.

Contract management

Contract management is the management of contracts which is entered with clients, sellers, partners, or employees. It comprises of negotiating the terms and conditions and ensuring the compliance with the terms and conditions, with documenting and approving on any changes or amendments that may

3. Project termination has negative impact, how can we avoid it?

Ans 3.

Project termination is one of the most serious decisions of a project management team and its control board. The decision of project termination affects all the stakeholders of the project and can put some negative impact on the organisation’s growth. So it is important to critically evaluate all the aspects before taking the decision. The project manager and his or her team members will feel that

BBA MUJ Solved 2023 assignments

June 16, 2023 admin

SESSION	MARCH 2023
PROGRAM	BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)
SEMESTER	II
COURSE CODE & NAME	DBB 1201– BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
CREDITS	4
NUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & MARKS	02 30 Marks each

Assignment Set – 1

Explain the characteristics of communication. What is the role of formal and informal organizational communication channels in building a good communication network.

Ans 1.

Communication, the exchange of information, involves the sending and receiving of messages and can take numerous forms. It’s a dynamic, transactional, and interactive process with several defining characteristics:

Two-way Process: Communication involves at least two parties, the sender who

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Describe the different steps in making oral presentations.

Ans 2.

Different steps in making oral presentations

The table indicates that oral presentations can range from simple to more complex ones, each with a different purpose. Irrespective of the nature of the presentation, the steps shown in figure can be followed for planning and preparing an oral presentation. Figure depicts the steps for creating an effective oral presentation.

Justify the importance of effective questioning that facilitates effective listening. Examine the different forms of questions that help in effective questioning.

Ans 3.

Effective questioning is crucial to facilitating effective listening for several reasons:

Clarity: Well-crafted questions can help clarify points of confusion or misunderstanding. They help the listener gain a deeper understanding of the speaker’s thoughts, ideas, or experiences. This reduces the chances of miscommunication or misinterpretation.

Engagement: Effective questioning increases engagement between the speaker and the

Assignment Set – 2

Illustrate the five steps of SQ3R techniques of reading.

Ans 4.

SQ3R technique of reading was developed by Robinson in his book “Effective Study” (1970). SQ3R stands for the initial letters of the five steps shown in the table.

Survey – Survey refers to a quick glance through the title page, preface and chapter headings of a text. By surveying, you will be able to gauge the main ideas of the text.
What is a Group Discussion? Explain the types of GDs based on the topics.

Ans 5.

Group Discussion

A GD is a methodology used by an organisation to gauge whether the candidate has certain personality traits and/or skills that it desires in its members. In this methodology, the group of candidates is given a topic or a situation, given a few minutes to think about the same, and then asked to discuss it among themselves for 15-20 minutes.1”In a GD, the members are

Highlight the specific objectives of corporate advertising. Explain the different types of corporate advertising.

Ans 6.

Objectives of corporate advertising

 To create positive attitude towards the organisation – Sometimes, consumers may have negative perceptions towards an organisation, based on the belief that the organisation is not a responsible corporate citizen. For example, public may believe that the organisation is responsible for environmental pollution or destruction of forests and other natural resources.

SESSION	MaRCH 2023
SEMESTER	II
course CODE & NAME	DBB1202 – Financial accounting
CREDITS	4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks	02 30 Marks each

Assignment Set – 1

Elaborate the following accounting concepts:

Ans 1.

Business entity

According to this concept the entity is separate and distinct from the person who owns or controls it. The amount of capital invested by the owner and his share in the profit of the business is treated as a liability of the entity. For example, Manu Florist Company should have a bank account separate from the account of Mrs. Maneesh, the proprietor. Mrs.

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On 1st Jan 2009, Ramanathan opened a Bank Account by depositing Rs.6,000/- in cash. All remittances are to be paid into bank on the same day on which they are received and all payments are made by cheques. Enter the following transactions in three columnar cash book.

Jan 2 Goods sold to Mohan for cash Rs.250

Jan 5 Settled Hari’s account of Rs.200 at a discount of 5%

Jan 7 Received from Shyam a cheque for Rs.725. Discount allowed Rs.25

Jan 10 Purchased a calculator for Rs.200.Spent Rs.50 on the cover

Jan 12 Shyam’s cheque was returned dishonored

Jan 15 Received a money order for Rs.25 from Hari

Jan 20 Shyam settled his account by means of a cheque for Rs.755, Rs.5 being for interest charged

Jan 27 Purchased machinery from Rajiv for Rs.5000 and paid him by means of a bank draft purchased from bank for Rs.5,005

Ans:
Ramanathan’s three-columnar cash book, which records all transactions in terms of cash, bank, and discount, for the month of January 2009 would look as follows:

Notes:

The opening balance on January 1st is Rs. 6000 in cash.
On January 2nd, Ramanathan sold goods to Mohan for cash, increasing his cash balance by Rs. 250.

Narrate the various kinds of errors that are disclosed by the Trial Balance.

Ans 3.

Various kinds of errors that are disclosed by the Trial Balance

Errors of Omission: The error of omission is one where a transaction has not been recorded in the books of account either wholly or partially. When the transaction has been completely omitted in the books of accounts, it is an error of complete omission.

For example, if a credit purchase of goods is omitted to be entered in the purchase book, it is

Assignment Set – 2

Enumerate the major reasons of differences in cash book and passbook which leads to the preparation of Bank reconciliation statement.

Ans 1.

Differences in cash book and passbook

There are so many reasons which cause differences in the balances between cash book and pass book. As the time period of posting, the transactions in the bank column of cash book does not correspond with the time period of posting in the bank pass book of the firm, the difference arises. The reasons for difference in balance of the cash book and pass book are as under:

Discuss AS6 (revised) on Depreciation accounting.

Ans 2.

Revised AS-6 (Depreciation Accounting)

Accounting Standard-6 deals with depreciation accounting and applied to all depreciable assets. As per Paragraph 3.1 of the Standard, Depreciation is defined as “a measure of the wearing out, consumption or other loss of value of a depreciable asset arising from use, effusion of time or obsolescence though technology and market changes”. It is allocated so as

Explain Share capital and the various classes of shares that can be issued by a company.

Ans 3.

The Shareholder’s equity of a company consists of three parts:

 Share capital

 Retained Earnings and

 Other reserves

Share capital means the capital raised by a company by the issue of shares. Retained earnings

SESSION	MARCH 2023
PROGRAM	BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)
SEMESTER	II
COURSE CODE & NAME	DBB1203HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
CREDITS	4
NUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & MARKS	02 30 Marks each

Assignment Set – 1

Define Human Resource Management. Explain the difference between Personnel Management and HRM.

Ans 1.

Human Resource Management: Human Resource Management (HRM) is a process of bringing people and organisations together so that the goals of each are met. It is the art of procuring, developing, and maintaining competent workforce to achieve the goals of the organisation.

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How does Selection differ from Recruitment? Differentiate between Internal and External sources of Recruitment.

Ans 2.

Recruitment and selection are two essential processes in human resources management, but they serve distinct purposes and occur at different stages of the staffing process. Recruitment is the first stage of acquiring potential employees, where the organization generates a pool of candidates based on its current needs. Selection, on the other hand, is the process of choosing the most suitable candidates from that pool, often through rigorous interviewing and testing.

What is Human Resource Planning? Explain the significance of planning human resource.

Ans 3.

Human Resource Planning:

Human resource planning is a forward looking function. It tries to assess human resource requirements in advance keeping market fluctuations, demand forecasts and availability of right candidates, etc., in the background. According to Terry, Human Resource Planning (HRP) is a set of tasks that include estimation of how many qualified people are necessary to

Assignment Set – 2

What is training? Explain different job training methods.

Ans 4.

Training

Training helps people in choosing, utilising and evaluating their experiences. Different people have defined training in different ways. According to H. John Bernardin, “Training is any attempt to improve employee performance on a currently held job or one related to it.” In other words, we can say that training focuses on current jobs and it is concerned with specific job skills and behavior.

What are the goals of Performance Appraisal? Explain its various modern methods.

Ans 5.

Goals of Performance Appraisal

Performance appraisal is an essential process that organizations use to evaluate the performance and productivity of their employees. The goals of a performance appraisal include:

Performance Improvement: One of the primary goals of performance appraisals is

Explain various challenges faced in International Human Resource Management.

Ans 6.

Managing HR activities in an international company is a very difficult task. There are various ethical and legal issues which vary from country to country depending upon their cultural values and beliefs.

Challenges faced in International Human Resource Management

SESSION	MAR 2023
PROGRAM	BACHELOR of business administration (BBA)
SEMESTER	II
course CODE & NAME	DBB1204 – QUALITY MANAGEMENT
CREDITS	4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks	02 30 Marks each

Assignment Set – 1

1(a) What do you mean by Competitor Analysis? State the purpose of Competitor Analysis.

Ans 1(a)

Competitive Analysis

Competitor analysis is an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of current and potential competitors. This analysis provides an offensive (proactive) and defensive (reactive) strategic context to identify opportunities and threats.

Discuss about McKinsey 7S Model.

Ans 1(b) The McKinsey 7S model is a widely discussed framework for viewing the interrelationship of strategy formulation and implementation. The 7S-model was born at a meeting of four authors – Richard Pascale, Anthony Athos, Tom Peters, and Robert

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Discuss the various factors influencing customer perception with suitable example.

Ans 2.

Factors influencing customer perception

Quality is determined by the customers, and not by producers of goods or services. The total quality management concept recognises this basic truth, and it suggests that marketers should clearly understand customer’s needs, values, and expectations before making and marketing a product. The following are factors that affect customer perception are:

What is cost of quality? Why is it important to measure? List common costs of poor quality.

Ans 3.

Cost of quality

Traditionally, cost of quality is defined as the expenditure incurred by the producer to achieve a particular level of quality. It has been modified, and today it is defined as the expenditure incurred by the producer, user, and community to achieve a particular level of quality.

It is an important concept because managers, before making any decision related to quality,

Assignment Set – 2

What is meant by Quality Audit? What is its purpose?

Ans 1.

Quality Audit

Audits refer to systematic investigation of procedures or operations. Audits are generally performed to ensure compliance to confirmed standards, proper implementation of processes as specified in the organisational requirements. It is a process that involves examination, inspection, documentation or recording and final review of the findings. The definition of quality audit is as follows: An audit is a systematic and independent examination to

What do you mean by Employee involvement? State the importance / benefits of Employee involvement in work.

Ans 2.

Employee involvement

Employee involvement refers to the variety of methods and practices by which organizations involve their employees in decisions and activities that affect them and the overall success of the organization. This can range from simple information sharing and consultation to more direct involvement such as self-managed work teams or participation in strategic planning.

Explain – Aim and Eligibility requirements of Rajiv Gandhi National Quality Award.

Ans 3.

The Rajiv Gandhi National Quality Award (RGNQA) was established by the Bureau of Indian Standards in 1991, inspired by the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award of the United States. It is named in honor of Rajiv Gandhi, the former Prime Minister of India, with the objective of enhancing the quality consciousness and performance excellence among Indian industries.

SESSION	March 2023
PROGRAM	BACHELOR of business administration (BBA)
SEMESTER	II
course CODE & NAME	DBB1205 – RETAIL MANAGEMENT
CREDITS	4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks	02 30 Marks each

Assignment Set – 1

What are the different factors influencing retail consumers? Explain briefly.

Ans 1.

Factors Influencing the Retail Consumer

There are various other factors influencing the purchases of consumer such as social, cultural, personal and psychological. The explanation of these factors is given below.

Cultural factors

Consumer behaviour is deeply influenced by cultural factors such as:

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Define Merchandise Planning. Explain the stages of Merchandise planning in detail.

Ans 2.

Merchandise Planning:

The merchandising manager has to analyse the purchase and sales record as a starting point of merchandise planning. The data for planning can be taken from external as well as internal sources. Feedback can be taken from sales staffs, which are direct contact points with the consumer. Data can also be collected from external sources like newspapers, periodicals, surveys, magazines, etc. This effort would give a fair idea on the needs and wants of the customer for the particular time

Define:

Ans 3.

Market Segmentation

Market segmentation is a strategy that involves dividing a large market into subsets of consumers who have common needs and applications of the goods and services offered in the market. Market segmentation is defined as the process of segmenting types of customers or potential customers in a

Retail communication Mix

Communication is an integral part of a retailer’s marketing strategy. Primarily, communication is used to inform the customers about the retailer, the merchandise and the product/services. It also serves as a tool for building the store image. Retail communication programme helps in generating

Assignment Set – 2

What is store design? Explain its elements in detail.

Ans 1.

Store design

The concept of retail store design covers all aspects of the design of a store: ranging from store frontage, fascia and signage, to the internal elements of furniture, merchandising, display, lighting, graphics, point of sale and decoration. Added to this is an understanding of not only what will work aesthetically within the space, but how it will perform functionally and commercially and how it can be built to budget and meet all the regulations governing the use of a public space.

Explain in detail the procedure for store administration.

Ans:

Store administration is a vital part of a retail business, responsible for the smooth operation of a store on a day-to-day basis. It involves an array of duties ranging from inventory management to employee supervision and ensuring customer satisfaction.

The following sections provide a detailed procedure on effective store administration.

Explain the modern retail formats in detail.

Ans 3.

The retailing format in India can be termed as a revolution with more and more formats being defined each day. The determinants that affect the format of retailing are retail mediation with the customer, physical storage characteristics and merchandise characteristics. At the same time a strong co-existence between the newly defined retail formats and the primitive ones has been found. This is because customer behaviour in the purchase of goods varies depending upon the format in

SESSION	MARCH 2023
PROGRAM	BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)
SEMESTER	III
COURSE CODE & NAME	DBB2101 LEGAL & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
CREDITS	4
NUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & MARKS	02 30 Marks each

Assignment Set – 1

“All contracts are agreements, but all agreements are not contracts.” Discuss the statement explaining the essential elements of a valid contract.

Ans 1.

According to the ICA, “every promise and every set of promises forming the consideration for each other is an agreement.”

This implies that a promise or a set of promises made mutually by two parties is an agreement. For example, A makes a proposal (offer) to B. When B accepts the proposal and communicates his agreement to AIts Half solved only

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When can the first annual general meeting of the company be held? Explain the provisions as to time and place of annual general meeting of a company.

Ans 2.

The timing and place of the annual general meeting (AGM) of a company are governed by the provisions of the company’s articles of association and the applicable laws and regulations in the jurisdiction where the company is incorporated.

Timing of the AGM: The timing of the AGM is typically determined by the company’s articles of association, which is a legal document that sets out the rules and regulations governing the internal

Define and distinguish between a Condition and a Warranty with appropriate example.

Ans 3.

A stipulation in a contract of sale may be a condition or a warranty, with reference to good which are the subject matter of the contract [Sec.12 (1)].

Condition [Sec.12 (2)]: A condition is a stipulation which is essential to the main purpose of the contract. It goes to the root of the contract. Its non-fulfillment upsets the very basis of the contract. It is defined by Fletcher Moulton L.J in (1910) 2 K.B. 1012 as an “obligation which goes so directly

Assignment Set – 2

Who is a Consumer? What consumer rights are guaranteed under Consumer Protection Act, 2019?

Ans 4.

Consumer – “Consumer” means any person who, (i) buys any goods for a consideration which has been paid or promised or partly paid and partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment and includes any user of such goods other than the person who buys such goods for consideration paid or promised or partly paid or partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment, when such use is made with the approval of such person, but does not include a

What do you understand by Hazardous substances? Also write different types of environmental pollution.

Ans 5.

Hazardous substances

“Hazardous substance” means any substance or preparation which, by reason of its chemical or physio-chemical properties or handling, is liable to cause harm to human beings, other living creatures, plants, micro-organisms, property or the environment. It is mandatory that every person

The Competition Act, 2002 is an improvement on the MRTP Act, 1969. Critically analyse and differentiate among them.

Ans 6.

The Competition Act, 2002 is more market oriented than the MRTP Act, 1969. The following

Table illustrates the major points of difference between the two:

S.No	MRTP ACT, 1969	COMPETITION ACT, 2002
1.	Based on the pre liberalization scenario	Based on the post liberalization scenario

SESSION	MaRCH 2023
PROGRAM	BACHELOR of business administration (BBA)
SEMESTER	III
course CODE & NAME	DBB2102 – QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES for Management
CREDITS	2
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks	02 30 Marks each

Set – 1

(a) Discuss limitations of Statistics. Also summarize how Statistics is useful in accountancy and auditing.

Ans 1(a)

The statistical methods, though, widely used in different areas of human knowledge, has its own limitations as far as its application is concerned. Some of these important limitations are as follows:

Statistics does not deal with individual values: Statistical studies are undertaken to study the characteristics of a group rather than individuals. It only deals with the aggregate values. For example, the Its Half solved only

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(b) Calculate the mean of the following frequency distribution:

X 2 4 6 8 10

f 1 4 6 4 1

Ans 1b.

To calculate the mean of a frequency distribution, you need to multiply each value (X) by its corresponding frequency (F), then sum up the products, and finally divide the sum by the total number of observations.

Let’s calculate the mean using

(b) Demonstrate the uses of Regression Analysis? Give five examples where the use of regression analysis can beneficially be made.

Ans 2(b)

3 (a) Explain various methods of Secular Trends.

Ans 3(a)

There are four possible methods of secular trend which are the following:

Linear Trend: The linear trend method assumes that the underlying trend follows a straight line over time. It involves fitting a linear regression model to the historical data and using the estimated coefficients to project future values. This method works well when the trend is relatively stable and does not exhibit significant deviations.
Exponential

3(b) How many types of sampling schemes exists describe them in brief.

Ans:

Types of Sampling Schemes:

Simple Random Sampling: In this sampling scheme, each element in the population has an equal chance of being selected, and the selection of one element does not affect the selection of others. It is the basic sampling method where every possible sample of a given size has an equal

Set – 2

Q1. Interpret the meaning of tabulation? Illustrate the requisites of a standard table and analyse the main purposes of tabulation?

Ans:

Meaning of tabulation

Tabulation refers to the systematic arrangement of data in the form of tables. It involves organizing and presenting data in rows and columns to facilitate easy comprehension and analysis. Tabulation plays a crucial role in data presentation and analysis in various fields such as statistics,

Q2. Discuss the meaning of Time Series? Also, Describe the various methods of Secular Trends.

Ans 2.

Time Series

An arrangement of statistical data in accordance with the time of occurrence or in chronological order is called a time series. In other words, the observations in numerical form obtained at regular intervals of time is known as time series. The time frame of the observations or the recorded data may be taken at an interval of an hour, a day, a week, a month, a year depending upon the type of event the data refer to. Time series analysis is used to detect patterns of change in statistical information over regular intervals of time. Then the predictions or forecast is

3.(a) Discuss the problems that are involved in construction of index numbers.

Ans 3a.

Construction of index numbers is a complex process and it is not without its share of problems and challenges. Here are some of the key issues involved:

Choice of Base Year: The base year is a critical aspect in constructing index numbers, as all future comparisons are made relative to this year. If the base year is not properly

3 (b) Describe acceptance of sampling plan.

Ans 3(B)

Acceptance sampling is a sampling procedure for estimating the quality level, in terms of fraction of defectives, of a produced lot of items for inspection. The statistical sampling procedure purports to answer questions such as: i) Are the supplier’s goods to be accepted or rejected? ii) if accepted, what kind of risk do we incur in terms of bad quality? Since we are talking about mass-scale procurement of raw materials and of mass scale shipment of finished goods, and hence the use of statistical sampling procedure in answering the accept/reject question. It refers to the process of randomly inspecting a certain number of items from a lot

SESSION	March 2023
PROGRAM	BACHELOR of business administration (BBA)
SEMESTER	III
course CODE & NAME	DBB2103 – Research methodology
CREDITS	2
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks	02 30 Marks each

Set – 1

What are the different types of research that can be conducted by a researcher? Discuss with example

Ans 1.

Though every research conducted is unique, it is possible to categorize the research approach that you may decide to take.

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Q2. What are the steps involved in writing research the proposal? Give examples. Discuss different kinds of research proposals that can be formulated

Ans 2.

Writing a research proposal can be a daunting task, but it becomes much more manageable if you break it down into specific steps. The following is a list of general steps and examples involved in writing a research proposal:

Identifying the Research Topic: Understand what interests you in your field of study, perform a preliminary literature review to see what has already been done, and then identify a gap in the

How would you define research designs? What are the three principles to be taken care of when selecting a research design? Discuss Exploratory and Descriptive design with example.

Ans 3.

Research designs

Green et al. (2008) define research design as ‘the specification of methods and procedures for acquiring the information needed. It is the overall operational pattern or framework of the project that stipulates what information is to be collected from which sources by what procedures. If it is a good design, it will ensure that the information obtained is relevant to the research questions

Set – 2

Distinguish between secondary and primary methods of data collection. How can secondary data be classified? Elaborate on each type with

Ans 1.

Primary Data Collection

Primary data collection refers to the process of gathering new data that hasn’t been collected before. In other words, the data is original and collected for a specific research purpose or project directly from the sourc

What are the steps involved in the questionnaire design? Explain in detail the questionnaire design process

Ans 2.

Even though the questionnaire method is most used by researchers, designing a well structured instrument needs considerable skill. Presented below is a standardized process that a researcher can follow.

Figure summarizes the steps involved in

What are the guidelines for effective report writing? Illustrate with suitable examples.

Ans 3.

Effective report writing is an important skill in many fields, including business, academics, and scientific research. Following some key guidelines can help ensure that a report is clear, concise, and effective.

Understand the Purpose of the Report: Before you begin writing, it’s essential to understand why you’re writing the report and what you hope to achieve. Your purpose will guide the structure and content of your report. For example, if the report is to inform your colleagues

SESSION	MarCh 2023
PROGRAM	BACHELOR of business administration (BBA)
SEMESTER	III
course CODE & NAME	DBB2104 – Financial management
CREDITS	4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks	02 30 Marks each

Assignment Set – 1

Explain the functions of a financial manager in any organization.

Ans 1.

A finance manager is a person who is responsible for carrying out the functions of a finance department.

The main functions of finance managers

Raising of Funds:

This is a very important function of the finance manager. He has to plan for raising funds as required. There are two types of finances: one is debt and the other is equity. To raise the first type of fund, a finance manager has to communicate or mediate with the bank and/or financial institutions. To raise the second type of fund, a finance manager needs to deal with merchant bankers to mobilize the funds from the public by issuing shares or debentures and attracting the public to subscribe to its fixed deposits, etc. While procuring the funds, the manager has to decide how much funds (finance) are to be procured from various sources. He needs to consider

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Calculate the present value of the following cash flows assuming a discount rate of 10% per annum.

Year Cash flows [₹]

1 10000

2 20000

3 30000

4 40000

5 50000

Ans 2.

The present value (PV) of future cash flows can be calculated using the formula:

PV = CF / (1 + r)^n

where:

PV is the present value
CF is the cash flow in the future
r is the discount rate
n is the number of periods

So the present value

Explain the significance of the concept of cost of capital. Discuss different component of cost of capital with example.

Ans 3.

Significance of cost of capital

The concept of cost of capital is used frequently in taking financial decisions such as investment, financing, credit decisions etc. Let us understand the significance for each of them.

Investment Decisions: When a firm has to evaluate an investment opportunity it uses the cost of capital for discount the cash flows expected from the project over its life time. Even if it uses IRR (Internal rate of return) criteria for the project selection, the IRR is compared with the overall cost of capital to take the

Assignment Set – 2

What are the sources of finance? Discuss the short term and long term sources of finance for the firm.

Ans 1.

Sources of finance

Finance is the lifeblood of business. Firms require financial resources to carry out their activities and achieve their objectives, such as buying assets, producing goods, paying employees,

The details regarding three companies are given below:

X Ltd Y Ltd Z Ltd.

r = 12% r = 8% r = 10%

Ke = 10 % Ke = 10 % Ke = 10 %

E = Rs. 100 E = Rs. 100 E = Rs. 100

Compute the value of an equity share of each of these companies applying Walter’s formula when the dividend pay-out ratio is (a) 0%, (b) 20%, (c) 40%,

Ans 2.
The Walter’s Model is a mathematical model which calculates the value of a share based on dividend, retained earnings and the rate of return. The formula for Walter’s model is:

P = (D + (r / Ke) * (E – D)) / Ke

where:

P is

What is Working capital management? Discuss various factors that affect working capital requirement?

Ans 3.

Working capital management

WC typically means the firm’s holding of current or short-term assets such as cash, receivables, inventory and marketable securities. These items are also referred to as circulating capital. Corporate executives devote considerable amount of attention to the management of WC

SESSION	MARCH 2023
PROGRAM	BACHELOR of business administration (BBA)
SEMESTER	III
course CODE & NAME	DBB2105 – ADVERTISING AND SALES
CREDITS	4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks	02 30 Marks each

Assignment Set – 1

Define Advertising along with the history of the Advertising. In extension to the same write five basic components of Advertising.

Ans 1.

Advertising:

Advertising refers to the communication of a message or promotion by a company, organization, or individual, typically through various media channels, with the aim of reaching and influencing a target audience to take a specific action, such as purchasing a product or service, supporting a cause, or changing their perception or behavior.

Advertising is the non-personal communication of information usually paid for, and usually persuasive in nature about Its Half solved only

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Discuss Hierarchy-of-Effects Model of advertising in detail.

Ans 2.

Hierarchy-of-Effects Model

Among advertising theories, the hierarchy-of-effects model is predominant. It helps clarify the objectives of an advertising campaign as well as the objective of a particular advertisement. It also aids the marketing team in identifying the best communications strategy. The model suggests that a consumer or a business buyer moves through a series of six steps

Detailed the Print Advertising. Explain the various Characteristics of the Print Media, also to include suitable examples to support your answer.

Ans 3.

Print Advertising

Print advertising includes printed advertisement in newspaper, magazines, brochures and on other printed surfaces, such as posters and outdoor boards. Readers find that reading publication is more flexible than watching or listening to broadcast because they can stop and re-read, read sections out of order or move through the publication at their own speed. As the print message format is

Assignment Set – 2

Define Sales Management along with various Strategies of the same in detail, also to add suitable examples to support your answer.

Ans 1.

According to American Marketing Association (AMA), Sales Management includes “Planning, direction and control of personal selling, including recruiting, selecting, equipping, assigning, routing, supervising, paying and motivating as these tasks apply to the sales force”. It can most easily be defined as planning, implementing, and controlling personal contact programs designed to achieve sales and profit objectives of the firm. In addition to management of

Detail the concept of Personal Selling. Also, to discuss the various objectives of Personal Selling.

Ans 2.

Concept of Personal Selling

Personal selling can be defined as an oral communication with the potential buyers of a product with the intention of making a sale. It may focus initially on developing a relationship with a prospect, but ultimately ends with an attempt to close the sale.

Personal selling is one of the most important methods to contact the prospective buyer personally and to

Explain various types of Sales Organization Structures, also to include suitable examples to support your answer.

Ans 3.

If sound practices are followed in setting up the sales department, the resulting structure takes on features of one or more of four basic types: line, line & staff, functional and committee. The grouping of activities into positions and the charting of relationships of positions causes the organization to take on structural form. The first two types (line and line & staff) are the most common. Functional and committee organizations are rare. Most sales departments have hybrid organizational

B.Com 1 Sem Solved Assignments March 2023

May 10, 2023May 10, 2023 admin

SESSION JAN/FEB 2023

PROGRAM B.COM

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME DCM1101 – GENERAL ENGLISH

CREDITS 4

1. What are the two theories related to evolution of language? Explain.

Ans: Evolution of Language

It is a common knowledge that language first appeared between 30,000 and 100,000 years ago among human beings.

Currently, there

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2. Define sentence. Write all types of sentences with two examples each.

Ans: A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought or idea, usually consisting of a subject and a predicate.

The first sentence if

3. Suppose you are asked to write a research document. Elaborate the steps you will

apply for writing.

Ans: Sure, here are the steps I would take for writing a research document:

Choose a topic:

The first step in writing a research document is to choose a topic that is of interest to you and relevant to your field of study.

Conduct research: Once you have chosen a topic, the next step is to conduct research to gather information and data that supports your thesis or research question. You can use various sources such as

Set – 2

1. Convert the below given sentences from Active Voice to Passive Voice:

I. Have you finished the report?

Ans: Has the report been finished by you?

ii. She has written a novel.

Ans: A novel has been

2. Illustrate the steps of making a flash card choosing any word of your choice. You

may use diagrams.

Ans: There are many ways to improve our vocabulary. Some of them are as under:

Flash Cards: Flash cards are an excellent method of reviewing both old and new vocabulary words. Not only are they the best way to learn vocabulary, you may also use them in other wa

3. What are the different types of questions that can be asked from a reading

Comprehension? Explain

Ans: Let us discuss each of the types and learn how to solve them. 1. The main point of the passage:

The main idea of a paragraph is the point the author is trying to make, minus all the details. After reading the passage given to you, summarize in your mind, what you’ve just read. This explanation is the main idea of the passage.

For example, a new

SESSION MARCH 2023

PROGRAM BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (B.COM.)

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME DCM 1102– ECONOMIC THEORY

CREDITS 4

Assignment Set – 1

1. What is utility? Examine the importance of law of diminishing marginal utility in

demand analysis.

Ans: People buy goods and services since it provides them with a level of satisfaction which is referred to as utility. There are many economic theories based on the economic utility of a good or service, and it is necessary to understand the concept of utility since it has a direct impact on the demand and price of that good or service. Since it is not possible to measure and quantify the utility of

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2. Write a note on factors affecting supply along with suitable examples.

Ans: FACTORS AFFECTING SUPPLY

Many important factors are involved in establishing the supply of a product or service. Any kind of change in any of these factors will have an impact on the supply of the product and can result in a change in the supply of the goods or services.

Some of these factors

3. Elucidate the concept of isoquants. Also discuss their types.

Ans: An isoquant is a locus of points that represent the different technically efficient ways of combining the factors of production for producing a fixed level of output. Isoquant term is taken from a Greek word ‘iso’ which implies ‘equal’ and ‘quantus’ that means ‘quantity’.

The isoquant curve is known as

Assignment Set – 2

4. Define monopolistic competition and price determination in it.

Ans: A monopolistic competition market is a kind of market system that has the combination of a monopoly and perfect competition markets. In the monopolistic competitive market system, many firms or sellers offer the same products, but they are not the perfect substitutes.

There are several competitors in the market, but the main point is that each competitor is differentiated from each other in terms of their product due to which some of them can charge higher prices than a

5. Critically analyze the subsistence theory of wage determination.

Ans: SUBSISTENCE THEORY OF WAGE DETERMINATION

The subsistence theory of wages was first explained by David Ricardo in around 1172- 1823. As per Ricardo, “The labourers are paid to enable them to subsist and perpetuate the race without increase or diminution”. This payment is referred to as ‘subsistence wages’. According to this theory, the determination of wages is by the cost of production of labour or subsistence level and the wages determined will remain unchanged. If the actual wages remain more than

6. Examine the concept of ‘Paradox of thrift’.

Ans: The paradox of thrift was a concept put forward by economist John Maynard Keynes and he believed that people normally try to save more during the period of economic recession. This results in the fall of aggregate demand and eventually leads to a decrease in the economic growth of the

SESSION MARCH 2023

PROGRAM BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (BCOM)

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME DCM1105 – PRINCIPLES OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

CREDITS 4

Assignment Set – 1

1. Explain the skills that should be possessed by managers.

Ans: Managers must possess knowledge and skills to handle other employees and derive the required performance form

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2. Discuss the steps involved in the process of selection.

Ans: Thus, selection can be defined as a process of choosing the best suitable candidate for the existing or future position in a company. Selection of employees is made based on company’s policies and

3. Differentiate between Open System and Closed System.

Ans: OPEN SYSTEM

An open system relies on the interactions in

Assignment Set – 2

4. Discuss benefits and limitations of MBO.

Ans: BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS OF MBO:-

MBO is beneficial to an organisation at all levels, including subordinates, superiors, and the enterprise itself.

The main benefits of MBO are

5. “To be a great leader one must possess various qualities to lead the followers successfully and earn their trust, respect, and loyalty.” Comment.

Ans: I completely agree with this statement. Being a great leader requires a combination of personal and professional qualities that enable them to inspire, motivate, and guide their followers towards achieving common goals.

Below are some of the essential qualities that great leaders should possess:

Visionary: A great leader should

6. Explain the various steps involved in the process of controlling.

Ans: Controlling is a step-by-step procedure that must be followed.

I. Setting Performance Goals

Ii. Actual Performance Evaluation

iii. Comparing Actual and Expected Results

iv. Detecting and Analysing Errors

v. Taking remedial action

Controlling is a systematic procedure that includes the following st

MCA Solved Assignments 1 sem March 2023

May 10, 2023May 10, 2023 admin

SESSION MARCH 2023

PROGRAM MCA

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE DCA6102 COURSE NAME Programming in C

Assignment Set –1

1. Explain basic structure of C program. Write a program to calculate the area of a circle.

Ans: A basic structure in C program can be viewed as a group of building blocks called functions. A function is a subroutine that may include one or more statements designed to perform a specific task.

To write a C program we first create functions and then put them together. A C program may contain one or more Its Half solved only

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2. Describe control statements in C. Explain various control statements in C programming language.

Ans: The decision control statements are the decision making statements that decides the order of execution of statements based on the conditions. In the decision making statements the programmer specify which conditions are to be executed or tested with the statements to be executed if the

3. Discuss the purpose of storage class in C. Explain various types of storage class in C.

Ans: The storage class in the C language for determining the visibility, lifetime, initial value, and memory location of any given variable. The storage classes define the visibility (scope) and the lifetime of any function/ variable within a C program. These classes precede the type that they are going

Assignment Set – 2

4. Define an array. Explain the declaration and initialization of one dimensional and two-dimensional array with an example.

Ans: An array is defined as an ordered set of similar data items. All the data items of an array are stored in consecutive memory locations in RAM. The elements of an array are of same data type and each item can be accessed using the same name.

An array consisting of two subscripts

5 a. Define pointer. Explain the declaration and initialization of a pointer variable.

Ans: A pointer is a variable that points at, or refers to, another variable. That is, if we have a pointer variable of type “pointer to int, “it might point to the int variable i, or to any one of the locations of the int

5 b. Write a C program to illustrate the use of indirection operator toaccess the value pointed by a pointer.

Ans: The use of an indirection operator (*)is to access the value indirectly, through a pointer.

Indirection operator (*)

The Indirection Operator (*) is a unary operator that is used to get the value referenced by a pointer variable stored at

6 a. Define Structure and write the general syntax for declaring andaccessing structure members.

Ans: Structure Definition: A Structure definition creates a format that may be used to declare structure variables.

For e.g.,consider a book

SESSION MARCH 2023

PROGRAM MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (MCA)

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME DCA6104 – ADVANCED DATABASE MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM

Set – I

1. What do you mean by Normalization? How BCNF is different from 3NF?

Ans: Normalisation comprises of various set of rules which are used to make sure that the database relations are fully normalised by listing the functional dependencies and decomposing them into smaller, efficient tables.

Normalisation primarily Its Half solved only

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2. Explain the eddy architecture and how it allows for extreme flexibility.

Ans: Eddy architecture is a machine learning architecture that is specifically designed for processing streaming data, such as those encountered in real-time data analytics or natural language processing applications.

The Eddy architecture is named after the swirling motion of water in eddies, as it seeks to capture and analyze data streams in a similar way. At a high level, the Eddy architecture consists of three

3. (A) Write a short note on Semantic query optimisation.

Ans: Semantic query optimisation is a technique to modify one query into another query by using the relational database constraints. These constraints may be unique attributes or much more complex constraints. This technique is used for the efficient execution of the query.

Let’s discuss this

Set – IInd

4. What are the major design issues of parallel system? How Intraquery is different from inter-Query parallelism?

Ans: Designing parallel systems is not an easy task.

Some major issues in parallel systems designs are discussed below:

5. (A) What is a persistent programming language? How can it be differentiated with embedded SQL? Illustrate

Ans: Persistent data is defined as the data that continue to occur even after program that generated it, has finished. A programming language which is expanded by means of constructs to manage persistent data is known as a persistent programming language.

A persistent

6. (a) Differentiate between RDBMS, OODBMS and ORDBMS

Ans: Introduction:

Criteria	RDBMS	ODBMS	ORDBMS
Defining standard	SQL2	ODMG-2.0	SQL3 (in process)
Support For object oriented features	No support provided; Program object is hard to be mapped to the database	Extensive Support provided	Restricted support; mainly to new data type

SESSION MARCH/APRIL 2023

PROGRAM MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (MCA)

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME DCA6105 – COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE

CREDITS 4

1. (A) What are the different stages of evolution of Computer Architecture? Explain in detail.

Ans:Zeroth Generation Computers: The zeroth generation of computers (1642-1946) was distinctly made available by the invention of largely mechanical computers. In 1642, a French mathematician named Blaise Pascal invented the first mechanical device which was called Pascaline. In 1822, Its Half solved only

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(b) Explain difference between process and thread. Explain process state diagram in detail.

Ans:In computing, a process is an instance of a computer program that is being executed by a computer system. It consists of an executable code, memory space, system resources, and a set of data that the program is currently processing. A process is managed by the operating system, which allocates and

2. (a) Explain zero, one, two and three address instruction with the help of given instruction X= (A*B) + (C-D)

Ans:

In computer programming, an instruction is a statement that tells the computer what to do. There are different types of instructions, such as zero address, one address, two address, and three address instructions, which differ based on the number of operands they requ

3. (A) Explain different types of Hazards in pipelining.

Ans: There are three major categories of hazards that can affect normal operation of a pipeline.

1. Structural hazards (also called resource conflicts): They occur from resource conflicts when the hardware cannot support all possible combinations of instructions in simultaneous overlapped

SET-II

4. (A) Explain direct and associative mapping in detail.

Ans:Direct mapping

Associative memories are very costly as compared to RAM due to the additional logic association with all cells. Generally there are 2j words in main memory and 2k words in cache memory. The j-bit memory address is separated by 2 fields. K bits are used for index field. J-k bits are long-fie

5. (A) Explain fine-grained and coarse-grained architecture. Discuss differences between them.

Ans: In computer architecture, the terms fine-grained and coarse-grained refer to the level of granularity or detail in the design of a system. These terms are used to describe the level of concurrency and parallelism in the architecture, and they have a significant impact on the performance and scalability o

6. (a) What is RAID? Explain different levels of RAID.

Ans:RAID is the acronym for ‘redundant array of inexpensive disks’. There are several approaches to redundancy that have different overhead and performance. The Patterson, Gibson, and Katz 1987 paper introduced the term RAID. It used a numerical classification for these schemes that has

BBA 1 Sem March 2023 Solved assignments download

May 10, 2023May 10, 2023 admin

SESSION JAN/FEB 2023

PROGRAM BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME DBB1101 – COMMUNICATION & PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT

CREDITS 4

SET-I

1 What are the two theories related to evolution of language? Explain.

Ans: There are two theories to evolution of language:-

Language as a spandrel:-

Some people (Stephen Jay Gould being most prominent among them) believe language to be the by-product of other evolutionary processes, not a special adaptation that arose by ordinary natural selection acting on mutations.

In “The Pleasures of Pluralism” Gould says, “Its Half solved only

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2 Define sentence. Describe all types of sentences with two examples each.

Ans:

Positive: – Positive sentences are also known as affirmative sentences. These sentences allow us to affirm or state something in a straight forward manner.

Example,

1. I brush my teeth.

2. He

3 Illustrate the steps of making a flashcard by choosing any word of your choice. You may use diagrams.

Ans: Flash Cards: Flash cards are an excellent method of reviewing both old and new vocabulary words. Not only are they the best way to learn vocabulary, you may also use them in other ways. For example, key ideas may be written out and reviewed. In addition, declensions such as the article can be put on a card for easy reviewing. These types of cards will need to

SET-II

4 What are the different types of questions that can be asked from a Reading Comprehension? Explain.

Ans: Reading Comprehension questions can be classified into several types.

Here are some common types of questions that can be asked from a Reading Comprehension:

Literal Questions: These types of questions require the reader to recall specific details from the text. They are straightforward and can be answered directly from the passage.

Example: According to the

5 Explain any two parts of speech with their types and usage in English.

Ans: Two parts of speech in English:-

Nouns

We know that a noun is a word used to refer to people, objects, animals, substances, events, states and feelings. A noun can be a subject or an object of a verb, can be modified by an adjective and can take an article or determiner.

6 Explain the four quadrants of the Johari Window in detail. Use your own examples.

Ans: Johari Window: The Johari Window, named after the first names of its inventors, Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham, is one of the most useful models describing the process of human interaction. A four paned “window,” as illustrated above, divides personal awareness into four different types, as represented by its four quadrants: open, hidden, blind, and unknown. The lines dividing the four panes are like window shades, which can move as an interaction

SESSION JAN/FEB 2023

PROGRAM BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME DBB1102 – ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

CREDITS 4

Assignment Set – 1

1. Define Organizational Behaviour (OB). Explain the basic foundations or approach to the study of OB.

Ans:Concept of Organizational Behaviour (OB) Organizational Behaviour (OB) is the study and application of knowledge about how people, individually and groups behave as individuals as well as in groups in the organizations. Its main purpose is to build better relationships by Its Half solved only

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2. Describe personality. Examine the various determinants of Personality.

Ans:Determinants of Personality Factors that shape the personality of an individual are-

(A) Biological

(b) Cultural

(d) Situational factors.

I. Biological

3. Organization structure of any business enterprise is affected by a number of factors. Deliberate on those factors.

Ans:Let us now discuss the basic and important elements of organization structure.

a) Hierarchy – it is an important concept as it depicts the creation and linkage between other components of the organization. It is also known as the ‘chain of command’. As we know, an organization is sliced into three levels viz, top, middle and bottom level. Across these levels are many positions that are held by people. Depending upon these positions people enjoy their authority and

Assignment Set – 2

4. What is stress? Briefly discuss stress management techniques an individual takes to minimize the work pressure in organizations takes.

Ans:Stress is the reaction, people have to excessive pressures or other types of demands placed upon them. It arises when they worry that they can’t cope with the fast changing environment.

According to

5. Examine the sources of conflict in an organization. Briefly discuss five different styles of conflict management according to Thompson.

Ans: The proper management of organizational conflict needs an understanding of the nature and the source of conflict at the work place. As we know, conflict is present in every organization.

Let us discuss

6. Explain the meaning and importance of a team. Discuss the different types of teams commonly found in organizations.

Ans:A team is a specific type of group becoming more and more popular in modern organizations. According to Katzenbach and Smith, a team is, “A small number of people with complementary skills, who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach, for which

SESSION JAN/FEB 2023

PROGRAM BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME DBB1103 – BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

CREDITS 4

Assignment Set – 1

1. What is Business Environment? Brief about the internal environment of a firm.

Ans: Business is an economic activity: An economic activity is the task of adjusting resources to the targets. Economic activity may be in the form of consumption, production, distribution and exchange. For example, Amul produces Chocolate, Cheese, Paneer and other milk products. Amul is the producer and you are the consumer who consumes the products. The process involves

2. What do you mean by Aggregate Demand? What are the factors can cause changes in Aggregate Demand?

Ans: Aggregate demand (AD) is the total demand for final goods and services in the economy at a given time and price level. It is the amount of goods and services in the economy that will be purchased at

3. What do you mean by Financial System? What are the main components of a financial system?

Ans: The following are the four main components of a Financial System:

1. Financial institutions: The primary function of financial institutions is to collect savings and convert them into investments. This process is known as capital formation. Financial institutions facilitate direct or indirect links between investors and borrowers to ensure the smooth functioning of the financial system

Assignment Set – 2

4. Describe privatization and ways of privatization? What are the objectives of disinvestment?

Ans: Privatization: Privatization primarily means the transfer of government or publically owned ventures or assets into private hands. It also entails entrusting individuals and private economic units to take decisions regarding business, based on the trends in the market forces without governmental

5. Give detailed note on WTO and describes the main principles of WTO.

ANS: The World Trade Organization gave a real push to the process of globalization. It came into existence on 1st January, 1995. It is a powerful body which broadly aims at making the whole world a big village where there is free flow of goods and services and where there are no barriers to trade. It is the only global international organization which deals with the rules of trade between

6. Brief about the corporate social responsibility of business houses towards probable customers and human resource with suitable example.

Ans: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers to the ethical and voluntary actions that a business takes to contribute to the sustainable development of society, including its customers and employees. CSR is an important aspect of business operations as it helps companies to build a positive

SESSION JAN/FEB 2023

PROGRAM BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME DBB1104 – MARKETING MANAGEMENT

CREDITS 4

Assignment Set – 1

1. List the strategies employed by marketers for decisions related to product mix. Briefly explain the factors influencing the product mix decision of a firm.

Ans:

The following factors, usually, influence the product mix decision of a firm:

i) Changes in market demand:

Changes in market demand are one of the factors influencing the product mix. When there is a change in market demand for a product, there will be a change in the product mix. If the demand for any new product has been constantly increasing, and if the firm is capable of producing that product

2. Macro environment include forces which significantly influence operations of any business. Do you agree or not? Justify your answer with suitable examples.

Ans:

This environment influences the organisation directly. It includes suppliers that deal directly or indirectly, consumers and customers, and other local stakeholders. Micro tends to suggest small, but this can be misleading. In this context, micro describes the relationship between firms and the driving forces

3. What is Brand equity? Elaborate the three components of Martin Roll’s definition of brand equity?

Ans: The brand equity is one of the important components of the brand. There are several definitions of brand equity. As the brand is a mixture of physical and abstract concepts, brand equity can also be defined

Assignment Set – 2

4. Define consumer behaviour. Describe in detail factors which determine consumer behaviour.

Ans: Consumer behaviour is the field of study which analyses the behaviour of consumers on the basis of the individual consumer’s characteristics and on the buying process, taken as a whole. This is a relatively new field of study and is critical in providing the rationale of the consumer’s buying decisions. By

5. Define market segmentation. Describe the need for market segmentation.

Ans: A market is an aggregation of individuals, who have the need for a product or service and are willing and able to purchase such product or service from the seller. Sometimes, markets can be made up of organisations, rather than individuals. For the marketing strategy to be effective, it is important for the organisation to focus on identifying the target markets. Market segmentation is one of the components of the marketing strategy of the company, which is

6. Integrated marketing communication requires rigorous planning and detailing of steps to develop strategy. Considering this statement, discuss the steps followed in developing an integrated promotion mix.

Ans: The following are the key steps involved in developing an IMC strategy:

Define the target audience:

The first step in developing an IMC strategy is to define the target audience. Marketers need to understand the characteristics, needs, and preferences of their target audience to develop effective messaging that resonates with them. This includes analyzing demographic, psychographic, a

SESSION MARCH 2023

PROGRAM BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME DBB1105 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS

CREDITS 4

SET-I

1. a. Elaborate on the classifications of computers.

Ans: Generations of Computer

First Generation Computers [1942 – 1955]

The first generation computers are vacuum tubes. These computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory. These computers relied on binary coded language to perform operations and were able to solve only one problem at a time. They were very large in size and Its Half solved only

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2. Convert (1D7F)16 to an Octal system number and (5A9.63)16 to a decimal system number

Ans:

To convert (1D7F)16 to an octal system number:

Step 1: Write down the hexadecimal number and separate it into groups of three digits from right to left. If there are any extra digits, add a zero to the left.

1 D 7 F

001 101 111

3. a. Discuss the advanced formatting options available in MS Word.

Ans:

Advanced Formatting in MS word:-

Working with tables

Tables consist of rows and columns. Tables can be used for many different purposes. It can be used to store data, pictures, text, etc.

SET-II

4. a. Explain various design strategies for Software SystemDesign.

Ans: The various design strategies for Software System Design:-

Bottom-up Strategy

This kind of system design strategy revolves around designing the subsystems and the lowest-level components (even sub-components) first. By designing these components first, the higher-level subsystems and larger components can then be built easily and more efficiently. This allows less time to be wasted in conducting recon and troubleshooting. The entire process of building the lower-level components into larger sets is continued till the entire system is one single

5. a. Enlist the main functions of the operating system.

Ans: An operating system is a software component that acts as the core of a computer system. It performs various functions and is essentially the interface that connects your computer and its

b. Describe various components of operating systems.

Ans: Even though, not all systems have the same structure many modern operating systems share the same goal of supporting the following types of system components.:-

1.Process Management The operating system manages many kinds of activities ranging from user programs to system programs like printer spooler, name servers, file server etc. Each of these

6. a. Discuss the TCP/IP protocol layers with the help of a diagram.

Ans:

B.Com 1 sem March 2023 solved assignments

April 26, 2023 admin

SESSION	March-2023
PROGRAM	BACHELOR of Commerce (BCom)
SEMESTER	I
course CODE & NAME	DCM1103 – Fundamentals of Accounting I
CREDITS	4

Assignment Set – 1

1. A. Describe the types of subsidiary books.

Ans: Subsidiary books, also known as subsidiary ledgers, are a group of accounting books that record detailed information about specific types of transactions.

The types of subsidiary books include:

Sales Day Book: A book that records all credit sales transactions. Purchases Day Book: A book that records all credit

2. Explain the debit and credit rules as per the accounting equation and Golden Rules of Accounting.

Ans: Debit and credit are the two sides of an accounting transaction. Each transaction affects two or more accounts, and it is recorded as a debit or credit in each account.

The accounting equation is

Assets =

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B. Kumari is a trader dealing in electronic goods who commenced his business in 2015. For the following transactions took place in the month of March 2018, pass journal entries.

March

1. Purchased goods from Y and Co. on credit ₹60,000

2. Sold goods to D and Co. on credit ₹ 30,000

3. Paid Y and Co. through bank in full settlement ₹ 58,000

4. D and Co.

3. Mention which side (debit or credit) and column (Cash/Bank/Discount) will be affected in a three-column cash book for the following transactions-

1. Received Cash

2. Cash paid

3. Discount allowed

4. Discount received

5. Cash deposited in the bank

6. Cash withdrawn for office use

7. Cheque received

8. Cheque deposited into bank

9. Cheque received and deposited into bank

10. Cheque issued

Ans: In a three-column cash book, the following sides and columns are affected for the given transactions:

Received Cash

Debit Side: Cash

Assignment Set – 2

4. Raheem & Co. purchased a fixed asset on 1.4.2018 for Rs.2, 50,000. Depreciation is to be provided @10% annually according to the Straight-line method. The books are closed on 31st March every year. Pass the necessary journal entries, prepare fixed asset Account and Depreciation Account for Five years.

Ans: Journal Entries:

On 1st April 2018:

Fixed Asset Account 2, 50,000

To Cash/Bank

5. A. Explain the different types of Errors in accounting.

Ans: Errors in accounting can be classified into two types:

Errors of Omission: These errors occur when a transaction is completely omitted from the accounting records.

For example, if a sale transaction is not recorded in the sales journal, it will be considered an error of omission.

Errors of Commission: These errors occur when an entry is recorded incorrectly in the accounting records.

Errors of

B. Explain the features of Income and Expenditure Accounts

Ans: Income and Expenditure Account is a nominal account that is prepared by non-profit organizations to ascertain their revenue and expenses for a specific period.

The features of

6. From the given information, prepare the final accounts of ST Ltd.

Debit	Rs.	Credit	Rs.
Drawings	6,300	Capital	1,50,000
Cash at bank	13,870	Discount received	2,980
Bills receivable	1,860	Loans	15,000
Loan and Building	42,580	Purchases return	1,450
Furniture	5,130	Sales	2,81,500
Discount allowed	3,960	Reserve for bad debts	4,650
Bank charges	100	Creditors	18,670
Salaries	6,420
Purchases	1,99,080
Stock (opening)	60,220
Sales return	1,870
Carriage	5,170
Rent and Taxes	7,680
General expenses	3,630
Plant and Machinery	31,640
Book debts	82,740
Bad debts	1,250
Insurance	750
	4,74,250		4,74,250

Adjustments:

1. Closing stock Rs. 70,000

2. Create a reserve for bad and doubtful debts @ 10% on book debts

3. Insurance prepaid Rs. 50

4. Rent outstanding Rs. 150

5. Interest on loan is due @ 6% p.a.

Solution: Final Accounts of ST Ltd Loan

15,000

– Plant and machinery

28,476

SESSION MAR 2023

PROGRAM BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (B.COM)

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME DCM1104 –BUSINESS ORGANISATION

CREDITS 4

Assignment Set – 1

1. ‘Business is essentially a social institution and not merely a profit-making activity’. Explain.

Ans: A business enterprise is permitted by society to carry on industrial or commercial activities and earn profits from it. Therefore, a business enterprise is expected to do business and earn money in ways that fulfil the expectations of the society. Like every individual living in society, business too has certain obligations towards society in terms of respect for social values and norms of

2. Explain the considerations that an entrepreneur must ensure before selecting a business opportunity.

Ans: An entrepreneur is one who is operating the business owned by him/her. So in the routine business operations he/she has to take a number of decisions for running the business.

The essential steps involved in the process are as follows:

Identification of business opportunity: Before establishing an enterprise, an entrepreneur has to

3. Describe the process of risk management.

Ans: Process of risk management

Risk administration is the method of identifying possessions at risk, assigning appropriate values, identifying intimidation to those assets, measuring or assessing risk and then basic strategies to deal with the risk. In the risk management the following steps are to be taken to reduce the ris

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Assignment Set – 2

4. Throw light on measures that government has taken to solve the problem of the small-scale sector in India.

Ans: The Central and State Governments have set up several institutions or agencies to provide liberal and varied assistance to small scale industries.

Some of these institutions are described below:

Small Industries Development Organisation (SIDO): The SIDO is an apex body for promotion and

5. Examine the legal position of a promoter in a company also discuss his liabilities.

Ans: Promoters play an important role in the formation of a company. The promoters of a company have some liabilities towards the company.

The key liabilities

6. Write short notes on the following:

a) Business Combinations

Ans: A business combination occurs when two or more business firms co-operate with one another formally or informally for the purpose of attaining some common objectives, e, g. to stabilize prices and increase profits. A business combination is a compound combination as against partnerships, companies and corporations which are simple combinations of natural persons.

A business

BCA MUJ March 2023 solved assignments latest

April 26, 2023April 26, 2023 admin

SESSION MARCH 2023

PROGRAM BCA

SEMESTER Batch 5 Semester 1

COURSE CODE DCA1101

COURSE NAME FUNDAMENTALS OF IT & PROGRAMMING CREDITS 4

Assignment Set –1

1. (a) Define the term ‘Computer’?

Ans: A computer is a device that receives information (in the form of digitalized data) and manipulates it for some result based on a program or sequence of instructions on how the data is to be processed. Complex computers also include the means for storing data (including the program, which is also a form of data) for some necessary duration. A program may be invariable and built into the computer (and called logic circuitry as it is on microprocessors) or different programs may be Its Half solved only

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2. Discuss the different classifications of computer?

Ans: Computers are classified according to their data processing speed, amount of data that they can hold and price. Generally, a computer with high processing speed and large internal storage is called a big computer. Due to rapidly improving technology, we are always confused among the

3. Explain Random Access Memory and Read Only Memory along with their types?

Ans: Random Access Memory (RAM)

Main memory of a computer system is used to store programs and data. RAM provides temporary read/write storage while hard disks offer semipermanent storage. All programs must be run through RAM before they can be used. The term random derives from the fact that the CPU can retrieve data from any individual location, or address, within RAM. RAM is volatile, which

Assignment Set – 2

4. (a) Define Software Testing?

Ans: Software Testing is the process of executing a program or system with the intent of finding errors. Testing presents a stimulating variance for the software engineer. During earlier software engineering activities, the engineer attempts to build software from an abstract concept to a

5. (a) What is Operating System?

Ans: An operating system (OS) is a platform that controls the implementation of an application program and acts as an interface between the user and computer hardware. The purpose of an OS is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs in a convenient and efficient

6. (a) Explain OSI Reference model?

Ans: The layered model that dominated data communications and networking literature before 1990 was the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)model. Everyone believed that the OSI model would

SESSION MARCH 2023

PROGRAM BCA

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE DCA1102 COURSE NAME Programming in C

Assignment Set –1

1. Explain basic structure of C program. Write a program to calculate the area of a circle.

To write a C program we first create functions and then put them together. A C program may contain one or more sections

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2. Describe control statements in C. Explain various control statements in C programming language.

It enable you to use the

3. Discuss the purpose of storage class in C. Explain various types of storage class in C.

Assignment Set – 2

4. Define an array. Explain the declaration and initialization of one dimensional and two-dimensional array with an example.

An array consisting of two subscripts is

5 a. Define pointer. Explain the declaration and initialization of a pointer variable.

Pointer: Example,

5 b. Write a C program to illustrate the use of indirection operator toaccess the value pointed by a pointer.

Ans: The use of an indirection operator (*)is to access the value indirectly, through a pointer.

Indirection operator (*)

The Indirection Operator (*) is a unary operator that is used to get the value referenced by a pointer variable stored at

6 a. Define Structure and write the general syntax for declaring andaccessing structure members.

Ans: Structure Definition: A Structure definition creates a format that may be used to declare structure variables.

For e.g.,consider a book database consisting of book name, author, number of pages and price.

Structbook_

6 b. Write a C program to show employee details using structure.

Ans: /*C program to read and print employee’s record using structure*/

#include <stdio.h>

/*structure declaration*/

Struct

SESSION	March 2023
PROGRAM	BCA
SEMESTER	I
course CODE & NAME	DCA1103, Basic Mathematics
CREDITS	4

Set-I

1. State inclusion-exclusion principle. In a group of 50 people, 35 speak Hindi, 25 speak both English and Hindi and all the people speak at least one of the two languages. How many people speak only English and not Hindi? How many people speak English?

Ans: The inclusion-exclusion principle is a counting principle used in combinatorial mathematics to calculate the size of a union of multiple sets by taking into account their overlaps.

In the given scenario:

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2. Simplify into form and find its modulus and the amplitude.

Solution: Given expression: z = (cos θ + i sin θ)^5 / (cos θ – i sin θ)^4

We can simplify this expression by using the properties of complex numbers, specifically the fact that (a + bi)^n = a^n

3. A. Solve:.

Solution: To solve the integral ∫_0^ (π/2) √ (1+sin^2(x)) dx, we can make a substitution to simplify the integrand.

Let’s use the substitution u = sin(x), so that du = cos(x) dx.

Substituting u = sin(x) and du = cos(x) dx, we get:

∫_0^(π/2)√(1+sin^2(x))dx = ∫_0^(π/2)√(1+u^2)du

B. Solve the differential equation.

Solution: – To solve the given differential equation:

(2x – y + 1) dx + (2y – x – 1) dy = 0

We can use the method of exact differential equations. A differential equation of the form M(x, y)dx + N(x, y)dy = 0 is exact if and only if ∂M/∂y = ∂N/∂x, where ∂M/∂y denotes the partial derivative of

Set-II

4. By using truth tables, check whether the propositions and are logically equivalent or not?

Solution: To check whether the propositions ~ (p∧q) and (∼p) ∨ (∼q) are logically equivalent or not, we can use truth tables.

A truth table is a table that shows all possible combinations of truth values for the propositional

b. Consider the set under multiplication modulo 18 as a group. Construct themultiplication table for G and find the inverse of each element of G.

Solution: The multiplication table for the set G= {1, 5, 7, 11, 13, and 17} under multiplication modulo 18 is as follows:

* | 1 5 7 11 13 17

————————

1 | 1 5 7 11 13 17

5 | 5 10 14 2 7 11

4. ALet us consider a circle of radius 2 cm. If an arc of this circle subtends an angle of 20 radian to the center, then what is the length of the arc and area of the sector such formed?

Solution: The length of an arc of a circle can be calculated using the formula:

Arc Length = r * θ

b. Evaluate the followings:

(i) (ii)

Solution:

To evaluate the limit as n approaches infinity for the expression (2+n+n^

6. AFind the derivative of .

Solution: To find the derivative of y = (x + sin(x))/(e^x – cos(x)), we can use the quotient rule of differentiation.

The quotient rule states that for a function u(x)/v(x), where u(x) and v(x) are functions of x, the derivative is given by:

(dy/dx) = (v(x) * du/dx – u(x) * dv/dx) / (v(x)) ^2

Applying the quotient rule to the given function:

u(x) = x + sin(x) v(x)

b. Find where and .

Solution:

SESSION MARCH 2023

PROGRAM BCA

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME DCA1104 & Understanding PC & Troubleshooting CREDITS 4

SET-I

1. Explain CPU and its essentials using a diagram. Discuss various modern CPU concepts.

Ans: Modern CPU concepts In order to understand the full concept of the CPU you would have to draw up a very big outline, which is beyond the scope of this book. However, there are certain concepts, which are basic and essential to understanding the PC growing world.

1 CISC vs RISC CPUs: Its Half solved only

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2. Discuss in detail various components of motherboard.

Ans: Components of Motherboards Before getting into the problems in the motherboard first you must know how it works and what the components of the motherboards are. This section will help you in understanding the various components.

1 Socket and slots Socket

3. Explain password trouble shooting in CMOS. Discuss briefly features of BIOS.

Ans: CMOS password troubleshooting

 Password is a means of protecting your system away from the malicious and snooping entities. When there is shift or transfer of system from one person to another or one department to another

SET-II

4. Describe construction of a hard drive with diagram.

Ans:Hard disk (hard drive) construction

Hard disks are rigid platters, composed of a substrate and a magnetic medium. The substrate – the platter’s base material – must be non-magnetic and capable of being machined to a smooth finish. It is made either of aluminum alloy or a mixture of glass and ceramic. To allow data storage, both sides of each platter are coated with a magnetic medium – formerly magnetic oxide, but now,

5. Discuss maintenance and troubleshooting of a Keyboard.

Ans: Although difficult intermittent problems might give rise to keyboard errors, generally two simple problems are usually faced by users:

 Defective cables

 Stuck keys

Defective cables

6. Discuss functioning of Compatibility mode, Nibble mode and EPP mode in parallel port.

Ans: Compatibility mode: This mode is used to define the basic protocol used in the computers to transfer data from computer to printer. It is also called as Centronics mode.

It was mainly designed to serve

MUJ MBA 1 sem March 2023 Solved assignments available

April 26, 2023April 26, 2023 admin

SESSION JAN/FEB 2023

PROGRAM MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME DMBA101 – MANAGEMENT PROCESS AND ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR CREDITS 4

Assignment Set – 1

Write a detailed note on the concept of Planning along with various types of Planning.

Ans: Planning can be defined as a basic management function which enables one to select the purpose of the business, and how the resources should be mustered to achieve that purpose to include using the available resources optimally to do that. Planning implies goal setting for the organisation keeping in mind the constraints, opportunities, and threats as much as what the person or Its Half solved only

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What is Organizing? Throw some light on the various importance, the concept have for the business organizations.

Ans: According to Chester Barnard, “Organizing is a function by which the concern is able to define the role positions, the jobs related and the coordination between authority and responsibility.” Hence, a manager always has to organise in order to achieve results.

Importance and Significance of Organisation:

All business and non-

Discuss various prerequisites of Effective Control along with detailed explanation of the concept of controlling.

Ans: Prerequisites of Effective Control All managers like to have controls because without them their plans would go awry.

Let us now study the pre-requisites to have an effective control system.

 Tailoring controls to plans and positions – A control is exercised on an activity or a group of

Assignment Set – 2

How you see the term Motivation? Explain Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory.

Ans: Motivation is “the process that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.” (Robbins, 2003) Intensity is concerned with how hard a person tries.

Explain seventeen characteristics of an Effective Team.

Ans: The following are the seventeen characteristics that make an effective team:

Clear purpose refers to the condition where group members agree on the group’s goals. These shared goals act to spark group effort by providing clear direction and buy in. (It should be noted
Detail the concept of Leadership. Discuss any one theory of Leadership in detail.

Ans: Theories suggest that there is no one best style of leadership and that an effective style depends on how the leader adopts a style in relation to the group and the situation. A previously successful style may not be effective in a new context. Effective leadership is about finding a good fit between the behaviour, context, and need. Fielder’s Contingency Model (FCM)

SESSION JAN/FEB 2023

PROGRAM MASTERS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME DMBA102 – BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

CREDITS 4

Set – 1^st

Write any three barriers to Listening. Enlist the different types of Listening.

Ans: Barriers to Listening

As pointed out earlier, listening is not easy and there are a number of obstacles that stand in the way of effective listening, both within and outside the workplace.

These barriers may be categorised as follows:

 Physiological

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Explain the various types of Non-Verbal Communication while giving examples as to how you will use NV Communication when appearing for a job interview.

Ans: The different body movements are:

 Facial expressions – Facial expressions can convey feelings of surprise, happiness, anger and sadness. If you meet a long lost friend and say “I am very happy to meet you again”, but with a sad facial

Imagine that you are the sales representative of your organization, and you are asked to effectively demonstrate a newly launched product/service in front of a target audience. Explain the communication process while including the relevance of context and how the communication can go wrong even if a few elements are missed.

Ans: The communication process for effectively demonstrating a newly launched product or service begins with understanding the target audience and their needs.

This involves researching the demographics, pain points, and potential benefits that the product or service can address.
Research the target audience: Understand the demographics, pain points, and potential benefits that the

Set – 2^nd

What are things to be kept in mind BEFORE the commencement of a Business Meeting? Explain.

Ans:

At the outset, let us discuss the different categories of business meetings:

Task oriented meetings As the name suggests, this type of meeting is a special meeting that is called to discuss and make arrangements for a specific event. For example, the company is opening a new

Suppose you are asked to write a research document. Elaborate on the steps you will apply for writing.

Ans: There are four main considerations when it comes to the second draft.

Check how your vision of the paper lines up with the first draft and, more importantly, that your paper still answers the assignment.
Identify any

What is the basic difference between Product Advertising and Corporate Advertising? Explain the different types of Corporate Advertising.

Ans: Corporate advertising is different from product advertising. Corporate advertising seeks to benefit the image of the corporation as a whole rather than its products and services alone as in product advertising.

A major difference between corporate and product advertising is who pays for each of the two types of

SESSION JAN/FEB 2023

PROGRAMME MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME DMBA103 – STATISTICS FOR MANAGEMENT

CREDITS 4

Assignment Set-1^st

1 Define statistics. Explain the importance of statistics in modern business environment with the help of suitable examples.

Ans: Statistics plays an important role in almost every facet of human life. In business context, managers are required to justify decisions on the basis of data. They need statistical models to support these decisions. Statistical skills enable managers to collect, analyse and interpret data in order to take

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Define statistical survey. Discuss following methods of data collection with help of example:
Direct Observation Method
Indirect Oral Investigation
Questionnaire
Schedule

Ans: A Statistical Survey is a scientific process of collection and analysis of numerical data. Statistical surveys are used to collect information about units in a population and it involves asking questions to individuals. Surveys of human populations are common in government, health, social

Discuss following techniques of Sampling with help of suitable sample:
Quota Sampling
Systematic Sampling
Snowball Sampling
Cluster Sampling

Ans: Sampling helps a lot in research. It is one of the most important factors which determines the accuracy of your research/survey result. If anything goes wrong with your sample then it will be directly reflected in the final result. There are lot of techniques which help us to gather sample depending

Assignment Set-2

Define Business Forecasting. Explain the steps involved in BusinessForecasting.

Ans: Business forecasting refers to the analysis of past and present economic conditions with the object of drawing inferences about probable future business conditions. The process of making definite estimates of future course of events is referred to as forecasting and the figure or statements obtained from the process is known as ‘forecast’; future course of events is rarely known. In order to be assured of the coming course of events, an organised system of forecasting hel

What is Index number? Discuss the utility of Index numbers.

Ans: An index number is a number which is used to measure the level of a certain phenomenon as compared to the level of the same phenomenon at some standard period. In other words, an index number is a number which is used as a device for comparison between the price, quantity or valu

Discuss the concept of trend. State various methods of measuring trends.

Ans: Trend is the direction that prices are moving in, based on where they have been in the past. Trends are made up of peaks and troughs. It is the direction of those peaks and troughs that constitute a market’s trend. Whether those peaks and troughs are moving up, down, or sideways indicates the direction

SESSION JAN/FEB 2023

PROGRAM MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME DMBA104 – FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING

CREDITS 4

Assignment Set – 1

Explain any two of the following accounting concepts with illustration:
Business entity concept
Dual aspect concept
Matching concept

Ans: Business entity concept is one of the accounting concepts that states that business and the owner are two separate entities and therefore, should be considered separate from each other.

As per this concept, the financial transactions pertaining to the business entity should be recorded separately

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With the help of given information prepare a statement of gross profit for XYZ Ltd.

Particulars

Rs.

Opening stock

Credit purchase

Cash purchase

Purchase return

Other direct expenses

Closing stock

Cash sales

Credit sales

Wages

Salaries

Sales return

10000

25000

15000

2000

12000

6000

35000

65000

9000

7000

5000

Solution: Statement of Gross Profit for XYZ Ltd.

Particulars Rs.

Net Sales (Credit sales + Cash sales) 100,000

Less: Sales

Write a detailed note on different types of subsidiary books and their importance in recording accounting transactions. Also demonstrate specimen of any 2 types of subsidiary books.

Ans: Subsidiary Books are books of Original Entry. They are also known as Day Book or special journals. We record transactions of similar nature are in Subsidiary Books. They are helpful in overcoming the limitations of journal book or journal entries.

Each of the columns

Assignment Set – 2

The liquidity of a business firm is measured by its ability to satisfy its obligations as they become due. Explain in detail the ratios used for this purpose.

Ans: Liquidity is the ability of a firm to satisfy its short-term obligations as they become due for payment. It reflects the short-term solvency of the firm.

The ratios which

Discuss the main features of marginal costing. Also, give a brief of contribution as a technique of marginal costing.

Ans: Marginal costing is based on the following assumptions:

Segregation of cost into fixed and variable The whole principle of marginal costing is based on the idea that some costs vary with production while some costs don’t. Therefore, it is assumed that a clear bifurcation between fixed and variable costs is possible.

Even if some costs do not entirely qualify as fixed or as variable, it is still possible to separate such mixed cost

Elaborate the concept of variance analysis? Briefly describe the concepts of material variance and labour variance considering their different types.

Ans: “A predetermined cost which is calculated from the managements standards of efficient operation and the relevant necessary expenditure. It may be used as a basis for price fixing and for cost control through variance analysis”

Material variance:-

The same principles apply to the calculation of direct labour variances as for the direct material variances. Standards are established for the rate of pay to be paid for the production of particula

SESSION JAN/FEB 2023

PROGRAM MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME DMBA105 – MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS

CREDITS 4

Assignment Set – 1

Define the term ‘managerial economics’. Explain significance of the study of managerial economics.

Ans: Management economics: The term “managerial economics” is used to describe Managerial economics is defined as the branch of economics that deals with the application of diverse concepts as well as theories and methods that employ economics to tackle practical problems in the field of Its Half solved only

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Define production function. State types and function of production function.

Ans: Production function The entire theory of production centres revolves around the concept of production function. A “production function” expresses the technological or engineering relationship between physical quantity of inputs employed and physical quantity of outputs obtained by a

Explain different types of cost.

Ans: Cost accounting is an accounting process that measures all of the costs associated with production, including both fixed and variable costs. The purpose of cost accounting is to assist management in decision-making processes that optimize operations based on efficient cost management. The costs

Assignment Set – 2

Explain causes of inflation in detail.

Ans: Causes of inflation

Demand side Increase in aggregative effective demand is responsible for inflation. In this case, aggregate demand exceeds aggregate supply of goods and services. Demand rises much faster than supply.

The following reasons

Explain different objectives of pricing policies.

Ans: The following objectives are to be considered while fixing the prices of the product:

Profit maximisation in the short term – The primary objective of the firm is to maximise its profits. Pricing policy as an instrument to achieve this objective should be formulated in such a way as to

Define monetary policy. State the objectives of monetary policy in developing countries.

Ans: Monetary policy deals with the total money supply and its management in an economy. It is essentially a programme of action undertaken by the monetary authorities, generally the central bank, to control and regulate the supply of money with the public, and the flow of credit with a view to achieving economic stability and certain predetermined macroeconomic goals.

Monetary policy can be explained in two different ways. In a narrow sense, it is concerned with administering

SESSION JAN/FEB 2023

PROGRAM MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME DMBA106 – HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

CREDITS 4

Assignment Set – 1

Discuss the main features of human relation approach. How does it differ from scientific management?

Ans: Let us now look into each of these roles in detail.

 Service provider – Management needs to gather information such as market statistics, pay rates and labour laws, and legislations from the market as well as from their competitors before making decisions on various employee related issues.

 Administrative expert –

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What do you mean by Human Resource Planning? What changes in HR planning with regards to recruiting IT professionals are seen now?

Ans: Human Resource Planning (HRP) can be defined as the method of ensuring the right number of qualified people, in the right job at the right time to bring the results in an efficient and effective manner.

In simple words, HRP is understood as the process of forecasting an organisation’s future demand for, and

What is succession planning? What are the benefits of having a formal Succession Planning System in an organization?

Ans: Succession planning involves an examination of strategic (long-range) plans and HR forecasts for all identified key positions in an organisation. It includes positions that are critical for the business and for its continuity, and not just the senior level positions. It includes a review of the data on all potential candidates who might be able to move to these positions either right-away or in the near future. The objective is to identify employees with potential and managerial depth as well as promoting from within the company. This exercise is carried out by the senior

Assignment Set – 2

Explain the five ways of individually evaluating an employee in detail.

Ans: Individual evaluation methods There exists five ways to evaluate an employee individually. Here the employee is evaluated one at a time without directly comparing him/her with other employees.

Graphic rating scale: The most widely used performance rating technique is a graphic rating scale (e.g., 3, 4 or 5 or even 10 point rating scale). In this technique, the evaluator is presented with a list of assessment characteristics and asked to assign a number rating to the employee on

Implementation of HRIS is expensive for an organization. Give your views about this in brief.

Ans: Following stages can be considered for HRIS installation:

Determination of the need for HRIS – Before implementing an HRIS, the management must clearly decide the need for an HRIS in the organisation. First it needs to assess the present HR operations that require system enabled support and then the extent to which these operations require such supports. Factors such as size of the organisation, strength of the workforce, present level

Describe employee welfare. How do the welfare benefits affect the business of an organization?

Ans: Employee welfare is a comprehensive term including various services, benefits and facilities offered to employees and by the employers. Through such generous fringe benefits the employer makes life worth living for employees.

Employee welfare entails all those activities of an employer which are directed towards providing the