| SESSION | MARCH 2023 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER of business administration (mBA) |
| SEMESTER | II |
| course CODE & NAME | dmba201 – PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT |
| CREDITS | 4 |
| nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks | 02 30 Marks each |
Assignment Set – 1
1(a). Explain the functions of Production Planning and Control
Ans 1(a)
Functions of Production Planning and Control
The functions of production control are dispatching and expediting. Figure depicts the production control function.
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1(b). What is meant by Differentiation Strategy? Explain briefly.
Ans 1(b)
Differentiation strategy
Differentiation is a process by which a company distinguishes itself from its competitors and their offerings. The process includes adding a set of differentiators, which are meaningful, and adds value for the customer. The differences should be perceived by the customer as important,
2(a). Discuss Strategic Importance of Forecasting
Ans 2(a)
Strategic Importance of Forecasting
Forecast is very much required for all types of industrial activity and also for those industries which are purely in the service sector like healthcare and education. Good forecasts are of critical importance in all aspects of a business: The forecast is the only estimate of demand until the actual demand becomes known. Therefore, forecast is said to drive decisions in many business areas. Forecast influences three key activities. They are:
- Human
2(b). Why redesign of existing layout may be necessary?
Ans 2(b)
Many occasions demand a redesign of existing layout both due to expansion of capacity and due to technical reasons. Most common reasons for redesign of layouts include the following:
Efficiency and productivity improvement: A redesign may be required to optimize the layout and improve workflow efficiency. By analyzing the current layout, identifying bottlenecks, and
3(a). Describe the general factors that influence the plant location decision.
Ans 3a.
The decision of where to locate a plant is influenced by various factors that can be broadly categorized into economic, geographic, political, and social factors. Here are some of the general factors that influence the plant location decision:
- Proximity to Raw
3(b) State the elements of operations strategy.
Ans 3(b).
Elements of operations strategy
The six elements of operations strategy are:
1) Designing of the production system
2) Facilities for production and services
3) Product or service
Assignment Set – 2
1. Briefly describe various approaches to TQM.
Ans 1
Various approaches to TQM
Total quality management (TQM) has different approaches towards its achievement. The basic thrust of each of these is realising excellence. All the approaches have a lot in common; however, the emphasis shifts from one to other. Needless to say, each organisation will use any of these or even a
2(a). What are the objectives and tasks involved in scoping?
Ans 2(a).
The main objective of scoping is to:
- Define the project boundaries.
- State the objectives that the project will cover.
- Provide directions to the project and to enable assessment of the final products quality.
Scoping of project enables the manager to prepare an outline of the project plan.
Outline of the project plan
For any project work to be
2(b). What is Bullwhip Effect in Supply Chain Management and how can it be prevented?
Ans 2(b)
Bullwhip Effect in SCM An organisation always goes through ups and downs. It is necessary that the managers of the organisation keep track of the market conditions and analyse the changes. They must take decisions on the resources and make necessary changes within the organisation to meet the market demands. Failing to do so may result in wild swings in the orders. This may
3(a). What are the various steps in project monitoring and controlling? Explain briefly.
Ans 3(a)
Steps for Monitoring and Controlling a Project
The various steps involved in monitoring and controlling a project from start to end are depicted in figur
3(b). What are the types of wastes to be eliminated according to Just-in-time.
Ans 3(b)
The key processes to eliminate the waste are listed below:
Kanban for material flow
High quality production
Small and uniform workloads
Suppliers as partners
Flexible workforce
| SESSION | MARCH 2023 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | II |
| course CODE & NAME | DMBA202 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT |
| CREDITS | 4 |
| nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks | 02 30 Marks each |
Assignment Set – 1
1. Assuming wealth maximization to be the objective of financial management, show how the financing, investment and dividend decisions of the company can help to attain this objective.
Ans 1.
Wealth maximization as an objective of financial management aims to increase the value of the firm over the long term, which in turn benefits shareholders through increased stock prices and dividends. The three primary financial management decisions — financing, investment, and dividend — play a crucial role in attaining this objective.
Financing Decision: This involves determining the best capital structure or the mix of debt and equity. The company needs to find the right balance where the cost of capital is minimized. By minimizing the cost of capital, a firm can increase its value as less cost means more profits, which can be
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2. Surya Ltd. has the following book value capital structure:
Million (Rs.)
Equity Capital (10 million shares, Rs.10 par) 100
Preference Capital, 11% (100000 shares Rs.100) 10
Retained earnings 120
Debentures, 13.5% (500000 debentures Rs.100) 50
Term loans 12% 80
360
The next expected dividend per share is Rs.1.50. The dividend per share is expected to grow at the rate of 7%. The market price per share is Rs.20. Preference stock, redeemable after 10 years is currently selling for Rs.75 per share. Debentures, redeemable after 6 years are selling for Rs.80 per debenture. The tax rate for the company is 50%.
Calculate the weighted average cost of capital using:
- Book value proportions and
- Market value proportions.
Ans:
First identify the different costs and proportions.
- Cost of Equity (Ke): This will be calculated using the Gordon Growth Model. It’s given by D1 / P0 + g, where D1 is the expected dividend, P0 is the market price of the share, and g is the growth rate.
- Cost of Preference Capital (Kp): This can be calculated as D / P, where D is the dividend and P is the
3. Examine the various techniques employed to adjust the time value of money.
Ans 3.
There are two methods by which the time value of money can be calculated:
Compounding technique
Discounting technique
Compounding
Assignment Set – 2
1. The following information has been extracted from the cost sheet of a company:
Rs. Per unit
Raw materials 45
Direct labour 20
Overheads 40
Total 105
Profit 15
Selling Price 120
The following further information is available:
- Raw materials are in stock on an average two months
- The materials are in process on an average for 4 weeks. The degree of completion is 50% in all respects
- Finished goods stock on an average is for one month
- Time lag in payment of wages and overheads is 1 ½ weeks.
- Time lag in receipt of proceeds from debtors is 2 months
- Credit allowed by suppliers is one month
- 20% of the output is sold against cash.
- The company expects to keep a cash balance of Rs.10000
- Take 52 weeks per annum.
- Calculation of debtors may be made at a selling price.
- The company is poised to manufacture 14400 units in the year.
You are required to prepare a statement showing the working capital requirements of the company.
Ans 1.
To calculate the working capital requirements, we need to determine the company’s current assets and current liabilities.
Current assets consist of:
- Raw Material Stock
2. Are there any considerations other than profitability to be made in managerial decisions about investment proposals? Explain these.
Ans 2.
While profitability is indeed a key consideration in managerial decisions about investment proposals, it is far from being the only factor. Here are several other important considerations:
Risk: Every investment comes with a certain degree of risk. It’s essential for managers to assess the level of risk and consider whether it aligns with the company’s risk tolerance.
Strategic Fit: The investment proposal needs to align with the organization’s strategic goals. Even a profitable
3. “Efficient cash management will aim at maximizing the cash inflows and slowing cash outflows”. Elaborate the statement by highlighting the objectives of cash management.
Ans 3.
Objectives of Cash Management
The major objectives of cash management in a firm are:
Meeting payments schedule
Minimising funds held in the form of cash balances
Meeting payments schedule
In the normal course of functioning, a firm has to make various payments by cash to its employees, suppliers and infrastructure bills. Firms will also receive cash through sales of its products and collection of receivables. Both of these do not occur simultaneously. The basic objective of cash
| SESSION | MARCH 2023 |
| PROGRAM | MBA |
| SEMESTER | II |
| course CODE & NAME | DMBA203 Marketing management |
| CREDITS | 4 |
| nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks | 02 30 Marks each |
Set – 1
1. Define Marketing? Explain any two concepts of the marketing
Ans 1.
Marketing: Marketing is the management process which facilitates the movement of goods and services from concept (advertising, product development, etc.) to the customer. The philosophy of marketing is based on a notion about the business in terms of customer needs and their satisfaction. In simple terms, marketing can be described as ‘the art of anticipating and serving customer needs’. Marketing differs from selling because (in the words of Harvard Business School’s emeritus professor of marketing Theodore C. Levitt) “Selling concerns itself with the tricks and
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2. Discuss and elaborate the drawbacks of marketing information system
Ans 2.
A marketing information system (MIS) is a framework used by organizations to collect, organize, analyze, and distribute relevant marketing information to support decision-making processes. While MIS offers several benefits, it also has certain drawbacks that organizations should be aware of. Here are some of the drawbacks of a marketing information system:
Cost:
3. Explain the stages of ‘Product Life Cycle’.
Ans 3.
Products follow certain kinds of lifecycle patterns. Let us discuss the different stages in the lifecycle of products.
Figure depicts a product lifecycle consisting of four stages of introduction, growth, maturity, and decline.
Set – 2
1. What is consumer behavior? Discuss the factors affecting consumer behavior
Ans 1.
Consumer behaviour
The mental and emotional processes and the observable behaviour of consumers during searching, purchasing, and post -consumption of a product or service.
Consumer behavior
2. What is CRM? Explain the ways of CRM
Ans 2.
CRM refers to the holistic approach that an organisation can take to manage their relationships with customers, including policies related to contact with customers, collecting, storing, and analysing customer information and the technologies needed to perform these tasks. You should think of CRM as a strategic process that will help you understand your customer’s needs and how
3. Explain the techniques of sales promotion
Ans 3.
Techniques of sales promotion
We will discuss this under three heads – sales promotions directed at consumer, sales promotions directed at trade partners, and sales promotions directed at sales force.
Sales promotions
| SESSION | MARCH 2023 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER of Business Administration (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | II |
| course CODE & NAME | DMBA204 mANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM |
| CREDITS | 4 |
| nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks | 02 30 Marks each |
Assignment Set – 1
1. Discuss the history of Computing.
Ans 1.
Computers or general purpose computing devices were invented in the middle of the 20th century, but the ideas they are based on evolved a century earlier. Charles Babbage, a renowned British mathematician, fi rst conceived the idea of a computing device in the 1820s when he was confronted with the problem of errors creeping into navigation charts at the time of their writing. In those days this work was done by clerks who used manual methods of pencils, rough paper Its Half solved only
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2. What is IT interaction model? Explain.
Ans 2.
Managing IS in organisations is a highly challenging and complex task. One reason for this complexity is that neither organisations nor the IS they use remain static over time – both change continuously, and it is the job of management to ensure that the systems remain useful and relevant for their
3. How are management information systems different from transaction processing systems?
Ans 3.
Transaction processing systems?
A transaction is any activity of the organisation that generates information. For example, the activities related to buying a ticket from the Indian Railways generates many transactions, each of which produces information that is recorded by the systems. Some transactions involve exchange of goods or services while others may be purely informational. A transaction processing system
Assignment Set – 2
1. What are the different ways of making online payments? Explain
Ans 1.
Different ways of making online payments
One of the biggest challenges posed to e-commerce has been the issue of payments. In a typical commercial transaction conducted manually, a customer is able to pay cash for a purchased item or pay by credit card. If it is by credit card, this transaction is verifi ed by a service to ensure that the card is
2. What are the facilities an organization could have from ‘Customer Relationship Management System’?
Ans 2.
A Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system offers numerous facilities and benefits to an organization. Here are some key facilities that organizations can have from a CRM system:
Centralized Customer Data: CRM systems provide a centralized database where all customer information is stored. This includes contact details, interactions, purchase history, preferences, and any other relevant data. Having all this information in one place allows for easy access and a comprehensive view of
3. Why is vendor management important? What are the key issues to consider for managing vendors carefully?
Ans 3.
Vendors are located and identifi ed through different processes. Usually, organisations release advertisements stating their requirements in the popular media, and ask for vendors to respond. In other cases, vendors may be found in online and published listings of industry and commerce
.
| SESSION | MARCH 2023 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER of business administration (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | II |
| course CODE & NAME | DMBA205 – OPERATIONS RESEARCH |
| CREDITS | 4 |
| nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks | 02 30 Marks each |
Assignment Set – 1
1. What is Operations Research? Discuss the importance of O.R. in decision making process.
Ans 1.
Operations Research
Operations Research (O.R.), also known as Operational Research, is a discipline that uses advanced analytical methods to help make better decisions. O.R. applies mathematics, statistics, and other quantitative techniques to solve complex problems and improve operational efficiency.
Churchman, Aackoff, and Aruoff defined operations research as “the application of scientific methods, techniques
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2. Use Two-Phase Simplex Method to solve the following linear programming problem:
Maximize Z = 5×1+8×2
Subject to: 3×1 + 2×2 ≥3
x1 + 4×2 ≥4
x1 + x2≤5
wherex1, x2 ≥ 0
Ans 2.
Problem involves inequalities of “greater than or equal to” in the constraints, which doesn’t directly conform to the usual setup where the constraints are in the form of “less than or equal to”. To rectify this, we need to rewrite these inequalities by multiplying them by -1, effectively transforming them into “less than or equal to” constraints. We also have to remember to reverse the inequality direction when multiplying by a negative number. After that, we can apply the two-
3. Find the optimum solution of the following Transportation problem using MODI method:
Destination
Supply D1 D2 D3 D4 Supply
S1 21 16 25 13 11
S2 17 18 14 23 13
S3 32 27 18 41 19
Demand 6 10 12 15
Ans 3.
In order to find the optimal solution using the MODI (Modified Distribution) Method, we first need to find an initial feasible solution using either the North-West Corner Method, Minimum Cost Method, or Vogel’s Approximation Method.
The MODI method can then be used to check for optimality and improve the initial feasible solution if necessary. Please note that MODI method only works if you already have a feasible basic solut
Assignment Set – 2
4.a) What is Simulation? Write the advantages of Simulation.
Ans 4(a)
Simulation
Using simulation, an analyst can introduce the constants and variables related to the problem, set up the possible courses of action and establish criteria which act as measures of effectiveness. The major reasons for applying simulation technique to OR problems may be listed as below:
- It is an appropriate too
4b) Write any five difference between CPM and PERT?
Ans 4(b)
Difference between CPM and PERT
There are no essential differences between PERT and CPM as both of them share in common the determination of a critical path. Both are based on the network representation of activities and their scheduling, which determines the most critical activities to be controlled in order to meet the
5. The following table gives the activities in a construction project and other relevant information:
| Activity (y) | Optimistic Time (in days) | Most likely Time(in days) | Pessimistic Time (in days) |
| 1-2 | 30 | 44 | 54 |
| 1-3 | 8 | 12 | 16 |
| 2-3 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 2-4 | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| 3-4 | 8 | 10 | 12 |
| 4-5 | 14 | 22 | 25 |
i) Draw a PERT diagram and mark clearly the Critical Path.
ii) Determine the expected project length?
iii) What is the probability that the project would be successfully completed in less than 60 days? 4+2+4 10
Ans:
6. What is two-person zero sum game? Reduce the following game by dominance property and solve it:
Player B
Player A B1 B2 B3 B4 B5
1 3 2 7 4
3 4 1 5 6
6 5 7 6 5
2 0 6 3 1
Ans:
A two-person zero-sum game is a type of game in which one player’s gain is the other player’s loss. In other words, the sum of the payoffs for each player is zero in every outcome. These types of games are very prevalent in economic theory and game theory.
Reducing a game by
| SESSION | MARCH 2023 |
| PROGRAM | Master of business administration (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | II |
| course CODE & NAME | DMBA206 – PROJECT MANAGEMENT |
| CREDITS | 4 |
| Number OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks | 02 30 Marks each |
Assignment Set – 1
1. What is project management? Explain the phases of project management life cycle.
Ans 1.
Project management:
Project management is the art of organising, coordinating, and controlling the various tasks and resources in order to complete a project successfully.
Project management is the practice of planning, organizing, and overseeing the execution of a project from its initiation to its completion. It involves applying knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to meet
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2. What do you mean by work breakdown structure? Explain with the help of suitable format.
Ans 2.
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
The entire project may be considered to be made up of a number of tasks and sub-tasks placed in different stages called the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). The format for WBS design is used differently by different organizatiions. Mostly graphics is used to display the project components as a hierarchical tree
3. Differentiate between PERT and CPM.
Ans 3.
PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) and CPM (Critical Path Method) are both project management techniques used to plan, schedule, and control projects. While they share similarities and are often used together, there are distinct differences between the two. Here’s a breakdown
Assignment Set – 2
1. Explain the tools and techniques of quality planning along with its outcome.
Ans 1.
Quality planning is a crucial process in project management that aims to define and establish the quality objectives, standards, and guidelines for a project. It involves determining the quality requirements, identifying the necessary processes and resources, and creating a plan to ensure that the project meets those requirements.
Tools and techniques to
2. What is contract management? What are its Phases?
Ans 2.
Contract management
Contract management is the management of contracts which is entered with clients, sellers, partners, or employees. It comprises of negotiating the terms and conditions and ensuring the compliance with the terms and conditions, with documenting and approving on any changes or amendments that may
3. Project termination has negative impact, how can we avoid it?
Ans 3.
Project termination is one of the most serious decisions of a project management team and its control board. The decision of project termination affects all the stakeholders of the project and can put some negative impact on the organisation’s growth. So it is important to critically evaluate all the aspects before taking the decision. The project manager and his or her team members will feel that