SESSION DECEMBER 2022
PROGRAM BCA
SEMESTER III
COURSE CODE & NAME DCA2104 & BASIC OF DATA COMMUNICATION
SET-I
1. Explain the seven layers of OSI model.
Ans: The reference model, Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) was developed by international standardization organization (ISO) as a model for a computer protocol architecture and as a framework for developing protocol standards. The OSI model consists of seven layers.
They are:
1.
2. Explain the structure of circuit switches.
Ans: Structure of Circuit Switches
The space division switch or the time division switches are the circuit switches.
Space-division switch In space division switching, the paths in the circuit are separated from one another with regard to space. This was originally designed to use in analog networks but is currently used in both analog
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3. Differentiate between guided and unguided transmission.
Ans: Difference between Guided and Unguided Media
SET-II
4. Describe frequency division multiplexing.
Ans: Frequency division multiplexing (FDM) is a method of transmission in which numerous signals are combined on a single communication line or channel. A different frequency is assigned to each signal within the main channel. FDM is used when the useful bandwidth of the transmission medium exceeds the required bandwidth of signals to be transmitted. A
5. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of CDMA.
Ans: Advantages of CDMA
• Efficient practical utilization of fixed frequency spectrum
• Many users of CDMA use the same frequency, TDD or FDD may be used
• Flexible
6. Describe IEEE standards.
Ans: The relationship of the 802 Standard to the traditional OSI model is shown in the figure 1. The IEEE (Institute of
SESSION DECEMBER 2022
PROGRAM BCA
SEMESTER III
COURSE CODE & NAME DCA2101 & COMPUTER ORIENTED NUMERICAL METHODS
SET-I
1. a) Find the Taylor’s series for the function about.
Ans: Taylor’s Series for a function of one variable:
If f(x) is continuous and possesses continuous derivatives of order n in an interval that includes x = a, then in that
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2. By constructing a difference table and taking the second- order difference as constant find the sixth term of the series 8, 12,19,29,42.
Ans:
Let k be the sixth term of the series in the difference table
First we find the forward
3. a) Let a function f(x) is given at point (0, 2), (2, 10), (4,15), (6,18), (8,22), (10,10). Find.
Ans:
b) Evaluate to four decimal places by Newton’s- Raphson formula.
Ans: This is a very powerful method for finding the real root of an equation in form f(x) = 0.
Method
Step 1: Let x0 be an approximate root of the equation f(x) = 0.
If x1 = x0 + h (
SET-II
4. Find the solution to the following system of equations using Jacobi’s iterative method for the first five iterations.
Find the solution to the following system of equations
83x + 11y – 4z = 95
7x + 52y + 13z = 104
3x + 8y + 29z = 71
using Jacobi’s iterative method for the first five iterations
Solution: The given system is diagonally dominant. Rewrite the given system as
5. Using the method of least squares, find the straight line that fits the following data:
Ans:
6. Find the value of y at x = 0 using Gauss Forward formula from the
Sol: The difference table is
SESSION DEC 2022
PROGRAM BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA)
SEMESTER 3
COURSE CODE & NAME DCA2102 – DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Set – I
1. What do you mean by cardinality? What are the different types of Cardinalities in RDBMS? Explain by giving suitable example.
Ans: Cardinality is a mathematical term. It translates into the number of elements in a set. In databases, cardinality refers to the relationships between the data in two database tables. Cardinality defines how many instances of one entity are related to instances of another entity.
Types of cardinality in Its Half solved only
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2. What do you mean by Entity Integrity Constraint and Referential Integrity Constraint? Explain by giving suitable example.
Ans: Entity Integrity
Relational Database Schema: A set S of relation schemas that belong to the same database. S is the name of the database.
S = {R1, R2, …, Rn}
Entity Integrity: The primary key attributes PK of each relation schema R in S cannot
have null values in any tuple of r(R). This is because primary key values are used to identify the individual
3. Explain 3-tier architecture for a DBMS. Why mapping is required in between Levels?
Ans: The three-schema architecture divides the database into three-level used to create a separation between the physical database and the user application. In simple terms, this architecture hides the details of physical storage from the user.
The database administrator (DBA) responsible is to change the structure of database storage without affecting the user’s view. It deals with the data, the relationship between them and the
Set – II
4. Discuss different Operations in Relational Algebra? Explain each operation by giving suitable example.
Ans: The relational algebra is a procedural query language. It consists of a set of operations that take one or two relations as input and produce a new relation as their result.
i. Set Intersection
- Set Intersection is used to ADD CO
5. What do you mean by Normalization? What are the different Normal Forms. Explain by giving suitable example.
Ans: Normalization or normalisation refers to a process that makes something more normal or regular. Most commonly it refers to: Normalization (sociology) or social normalization, the process through which ideas and behaviors that may fall outside of social norms come to be regarded as “normal”
The relation shown in
6. What do you mean by Fragmentation? What are the different types of fragmentation. Explain by giving suitable example.
Ans: Fragmentation: The relation is partitioned into several fragments. Each fragment is stored at a different site.
Types of Fragmentation:-
Data Fragmentation If the relation r if fragmented, r is divided into a number of fragments r1, r2 ,rn. These fragments contain sufficient information to reconstruct the original relation r. As we shall see, this reconstruction can take place through the application of either the union operation or a special type of
SESSION DECEMBER 2022
PROGRAM BCA
SEMESTER III
COURSE CODE & NAME DCA2103, COMPUTER ORGANIZATION
SET-I
1. Discuss Booth’s multiplication algorithm, trace the steps for multiplying (-7)*(+3).
Ans: Working of Booth’s Algorithm
- Set the Multiplicand and Multiplier binary bits as M and Q, respectively.
- Initially, we set the AC and Qn + 1 registers value to 0.
- SC represents the number of Multiplier bits (Q), and it is a sequence counter that is continuously decremented till equal to the number of bits (n) or reached to 0.
- A Qn represents the last bit of the Q, and the Qn+1 shows the incremented bit of Qn by 1.
On each cycle of the Its Half solved only
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2. Write a note on the following addressing modes:
i) Direct Addressing
ii) Indirect Addressing
iii) Register Addressing
iv) Register Indirect Addressing
Ans: (i) Direct Addressing Mode
Figure 3.4 illustrates the Direct Addressing Mode
• EA = A.
• Address field contains address of operand.
• Effective address (EA) = address field (A).e.g. ADD A
• Add contents
3. Discuss the organization of main memory.
Ans: Organization
Basic element of semiconductor memory is the memory cell. All semiconductor memory cells have certain properties:
• Have two stable states that represent binary 0 and 1.
• Capable of being written into (at least once), to set the state.
• Capable of
SET-II
4. Explain the process of fetching a word from the memory.
Ans: Fetching a word from the memory
- CPU transfers the address of the required information to MAR from where it is transferred through Address Bus to Memory
- In the same time CPU uses it’s control lines of memory bus to indicate that a read operation is
5. What is Interrupt driven I/O? Explain its full working through flowchart.
Ans: Using Program-controlled I/O requires continuous involvement of the processor in the I/O activities. It is desirable to avoid wasting processor execution time. An alternative is for the CPU to issue an I/O command to a module and then go on to other work. The I/O module will then interrupt the CPU requesting service when it is ready to exchange data with the CPU. The CPU will then execute
6. What is synchronous and asynchronous data transfer? Discuss in detail.
Ans: Synchronous data transfer In synchronous data transmission, data is transmitted through a bit-stream, that transmits a group of characters in a single stream. In this type of data transfer, the transmission speed is synchronized at both the sender and receiver with the help of a clock signal, at the time