| SESSION | FEBRUARY- MARCH,2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION |
| SEMESTER | V |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB3101 CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. How is Consumer Behaviour Interdisciplinary?
Ans 1.
Consumer Behaviour as an Interdisciplinary Field
Consumer behaviour is a dynamic and evolving discipline that studies how individuals, groups, and organizations select, buy, use, and dispose of goods and services to satisfy their needs and desires. It is considered interdisciplinary because it integrates concepts and frameworks from multiple fields of study. This integration allows marketers and businesses to develop a deeper
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Q2. Explain the role of consumer research in marketing 10
Ans 2.
Consumer Research
Consumer research is a critical component of modern marketing that involves the systematic gathering, recording, and analyzing of data about consumers and their preferences, attitudes, and buying behaviour. It forms the foundation for understanding the needs of the market and creating strategies that effectively satisfy customer demands. In an increasingly competitive and dynamic marketplace, businesses
Q3. Explain the Jungian theory of personality.
Ans 3.
Jungian Theory
The Jungian theory of personality, developed by Swiss psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung, is one of the most influential personality theories in psychology and marketing. Unlike Freud, who focused on the unconscious mind’s influence through repressed desires, Jung introduced the concept of the collective unconscious and emphasized psychological growth through achieving a balance
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. Explain the consumer buying process.
Ans 4.
Buying Process
The consumer buying process refers to the sequence of steps a consumer goes through when deciding whether to purchase a product or service. Understanding this process helps marketers influence purchasing decisions and deliver the right message at the right stage of the buying journey. The process typically involves five main stages: need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behaviour. Each stage reflects the psychological and emotional journey of the consumer and offers touchpoints for
Q5. Write Short Notes on the following:
Differential Threshold
Subliminal Perception
Ans 5.
Differential Threshold
The differential threshold, also known as the “just noticeable difference” (JND), refers to the smallest amount of change in a stimulus that a consumer can detect. This concept is crucial in marketing when brands make subtle modifications to product features such as price, packaging, quantity, or quality. If the change is below the consumer’s differential threshold, they may not notice the modification. For example, a company may reduce the weight of a product slightly to cut
Q6. Background
Aarav, a 27-year-old marketing professional from Bengaluru, has always been a trend-conscious shopper. However, over the past year, he has started to rethink his purchasing decisions after learning about the environmental impact of fast fashion. He is now drawn toward brands that promote sustainability, ethical production, and eco-friendly materials.
Consumer Decision-Making Process
Aarav’s shift in behavior aligns with a broader trend where consumers consider not just price and style but also ethical and environmental concerns. He now follows sustainable fashion influencers on social media, reads product labels for eco-certifications, and prefers brands that use organic fabrics or recycled materials. However, he sometimes finds these brands expensive and questions whether they truly adhere to sustainability standards.
Challenge
Despite his intent to support sustainable fashion, Aarav struggles with affordability and brand transparency. While he wants to make ethical choices, he often wonders if the higher price justifies the purchase. Additionally, he finds it hard to distinguish between genuine sustainable brands and those engaging in “greenwashing.”
Answer the following Questions:
- What factors are influencing Aarav’s consumer behaviour?
- Suggest marketing strategies sustainable fashion brands can use to address consumer concerns like Aarav’s. 5+5
Ans 6.
- Factors Influencing Aarav’s Consumer Behaviour
Aarav’s consumer behaviour is influenced by a combination of psychological, social, and environmental factors. Firstly, his awareness of sustainability and ethical issues in the fashion industry has significantly shifted his values and purchase intentions. His internal motivation to act responsibly reflects a psychological shift toward value-driven consumption.
Social influence also plays a major role—following sustainable influencers and engaging with eco-conscious
| SESSION | FEBRUARY- MARCH,2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | V |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB3102 BUSINESS ANALYTICS |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. Describe how Business Analytics can help an organization improve its operational efficiency.
Business Analytics and Operational Efficiency
Business Analytics (BA) refers to the process of using statistical methods, technologies, and data-driven techniques to gain insights, make decisions, and improve business performance. Operational efficiency is the ability of an organization to deliver products or services in the most cost-effective manner while maintaining high quality. Business analytics plays a critical role in
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Q2. How can data updating ensure the accuracy and reliability of data?
Ans 2.
Data Accuracy and Reliability
Data is a critical asset for any modern organization. However, the value of data depends on its accuracy and reliability. Inaccurate or outdated data can lead to flawed analysis, poor decision-making, and financial losses. Data updating, therefore, refers to the continuous process of correcting,
Q3. Discuss how mobile and location-based Market Basket Analysis could be used in the future. 10
Ans 3.
Market Basket Analysis and Emerging Technologies
Market Basket Analysis (MBA) is a popular data mining technique used to understand consumer purchasing behavior by identifying relationships between products bought together. Traditionally used in retail, MBA
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. Discuss in detail how decision trees work in classification problems?
Ans 4.
Classification and Decision Trees
Classification problems involve categorizing data into predefined classes or groups. One of the most widely used algorithms for classification tasks is the Decision Tree. It is a flowchart-like structure where
Q5. Explain Data Mining Process? 10
Ans 5.
Data Mining
Data mining is the process of discovering meaningful patterns, correlations, and trends from large datasets using statistical, machine learning, and computational techniques. It helps businesses make data-driven decisions by extracting hidden insights from raw data. The data mining process is systematic and consists of several key stages, each crucial for turning data into valuable knowledge.
Data
Q6. Discuss some of the challenges that organizations may face in managing data. 10
Ans 6.
Data Management Challenges
In today’s digital era, data is considered one of the most valuable assets for any organization. However, managing data effectively comes with numerous challenges. From collecting large volumes of data to ensuring its security and quality, organizations must address multiple hurdles to make their data usable, reliable, and strategically beneficial.
Data Quality and
| SESSION | FEBRUARY- MARCH,2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | V |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB3111 PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. Explain production process. Further discuss the objectives of production management for organization. 4+6
Ans 1.
Understanding the Production Process
The production process refers to the method by which resources are transformed into finished goods or services. It involves a series of coordinated activities that convert raw materials, labor, capital, and information into products that meet customer requirements. There are different types of production processes based on the nature of the product and volume—such as job production, batch production,
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Q2. Define Operations Strategy. Discuss the Hierarchy of Operations Strategy. 4+6
Ans 2.
Definition of Operations Strategy
Operations strategy refers to the long-term plan that defines how the operations function will contribute to the overall business strategy. It involves making decisions about the structure and processes of production, resource allocation, technology use, and quality standards. A well-crafted operations strategy ensures that the company’s production and delivery systems are aligned with business objectives
Q3. What is a master production schedule? Explain the functions of master production schedule. 5+5
Ans 3.
Meaning of Master Production Schedule (MPS)
A Master Production Schedule (MPS) is a detailed plan that outlines what products need to be produced, in what quantities, and when they are required. It acts as a blueprint for manufacturing operations, guiding the production team on what to make and by when. The MPS is typically
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. What is project management. Also, define the project planning process. 5+5
Ans 4.
Definition of Project Management
Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to plan, execute, and complete specific goals within a defined timeframe and budget. It involves initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing work to achieve unique project objectives. Unlike routine operations, projects are temporary endeavors with defined scopes and outcome
Q5. Elaborate how Purchasing plays a vital role in supply chain management. 10
Ans 5.
Purchasing in Supply Chain Management
Purchasing, also known as procurement, is the process of acquiring raw materials, components, products, or services necessary for production and operations. In the broader scope of supply chain management (SCM), purchasing is a critical function that influences cost
Q6. Write a short note on the following:
- a) Preventive maintenance
- b) Breakdown maintenance 5+5
Ans 6.
- a) Preventive Maintenance
Preventive maintenance refers to the scheduled and regular maintenance of equipment and machinery to prevent unexpected breakdowns and prolong their life span. This type of maintenance is performed even when the equipment is functioning well, with the goal of identifying and correcting potential issues before they lead to failure. Activities include routine inspections, lubrication, part replacements, calibration, and cleaning.
The main advantage of preventive
| SESSION | FEBRUARY- MARCH,2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | 05 |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB3112 ECONOMIC PLANNING |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. a. Discuss in detail the Structure and Characteristics of Developing Nation.
- Elaborate the role of service sector in development of Indian economy.
Ans 1.
- Developing Nations
Developing nations, often referred to as emerging economies, are countries that are in the transition phase between being underdeveloped and fully developed. These nations exhibit specific economic, social, and structural characteristics that differentiate them from developed countries.
Economic Structure and Dependency
A significant portion
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Q2. Write a note on
- Forest resources and their importance
- Economic development and environmental degradation
Ans 2.
- Forest Resources
Forest resources refer to all the products and benefits derived from forest ecosystems, including timber, fuelwood, medicinal plants, and biodiversity. They are a crucial component of natural capital and play a key role in sustaining environmental balance.
Ecological and Environmental Importance
Forests help in
Q3. Elaborate Nehru Vs Gandhi model of economic development and the Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation (LPG) model of economic development.
Ans 3.
Economic Development Models
India’s economic development has been shaped by different ideological approaches over time. Among the early influences were the contrasting visions of Jawaharlal Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi, each proposing unique paths for India’s growth. In contrast, the LPG model, introduced in 1991, marked a significant shift towards market-led reforms. Understanding these
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. Outline the shortcomings of public sector in India. Also discuss the economic reforms took place to overcome these shortcomings.
Ans 4.
Shortcomings of the Public Sector in India
The public sector in India was established to drive economic growth, reduce inequality, and promote social welfare. While it played a key role in nation-building during the initial years post-independence, it eventually began facing several challenges and inefficiencies.
- Low Productivity and Inefficiency
Many
Q5. a. Write a note on India as an economic superpower.
- Elaborate the impact of black income on the economic and social system.
Ans 5.
- India’s Emerging Role in the Global Economy
India is increasingly being recognized as a potential economic superpower due to its vast market, demographic dividend, and growing industrial and technological capacity. With a GDP ranking among the top five global economies (by purchasing power parity), India is making significant strides in sectors like IT, pharmaceuticals, services, and renewable energy
Q6.a. Discuss unorganized sector and its features.
- Enumerate the significance of agriculture for Indian economy.
Ans 6.
- Definition of Unorganized Sector
The unorganized sector consists of small-scale, informal enterprises that are not registered with the government and operate outside formal legal and regulatory frameworks. This sector includes agricultural laborers, street vendors, construction workers, domestic helpers, and small shop
| SESSION | FEBRUARY- MARCH,2025 |
| PROGRAM | BBA |
| SEMESTER | V |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB3113 E-COMMERCE |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. Define e-commerce. Explain its advantages and disadvantages. 2+4+4
Ans 1.
Definition of E-Commerce
E-commerce, or electronic commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods, services, and information over electronic networks, primarily the Internet. It encompasses a wide range of online business activities for products and services, including B2B (business-to-business), B2C (business-to-consumer), C2C (consumer-to-consumer), and C2B (consumer-to-business) models. E-commerce
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Q2. Explain in detail the main functions of e-commerce. 10
Ans 2.
E-Commerce Functions
E-commerce involves multiple interrelated functions that facilitate the buying, selling, and exchange of goods and services over digital platforms. These functions encompass a wide range of technological, commercial, and managerial activities that enable smooth business transactions and customer
Q3. Explain the main business models in detail.
Ans 3.
E-Commerce Business Models
E-commerce business models define how an organization delivers value to its customers and generates revenue online. These models vary based on the nature of transactions and the parties involved
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. Explain the process of cryptography in detail. 10
Ans 4.
Cryptography
Cryptography is the practice of securing information by transforming it into an unreadable format, known as ciphertext, which can only be understood by someone possessing a decryption key. It is a fundamental technology used in e-commerce to protect sensitive information such as credit card numbers, personal data, and login credentials from unauthorized access and cyber threats.
Purpose and Importance of
Q5. What do you mean by e-marketing? Differentiate it with traditional marketing.
Ans 5.
Meaning of E-Marketing
E-marketing, also known as digital marketing or online marketing, refers to the process of promoting, advertising, and selling products or services using digital technologies and the internet. It involves the use of websites, email campaigns, social media platforms, search engines, and mobile apps to connect with current and potential customers. E-marketing allows businesses to track user
Q6. What do you mean by m-commerce? Explain the main components of M-commerce?
Ans 6.
Meaning of M-Commerce
M-commerce, or mobile commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods and services through wireless handheld devices such as smartphones and tablets. It is a subset of e-commerce that allows users to perform commercial transactions anywhere and anytime using mobile applications or
| SESSION | FEBRUARY – MARCH 2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | 5 |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB3114 ENTREPRENUERSHIP |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. What do you understand by entrepreneurship? Explain the elements of entrepreneurship in detail. 5+5
Ans 1.
Meaning of Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship is the process of identifying a business opportunity, organizing resources, and taking risks to create and manage a new venture with the aim of making a profit. It involves innovation, initiative, and the ability to turn an idea into a successful business. Entrepreneurs are individuals who drive this process and are often known for their vision, creativity, and risk-taking
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Q2. Describe the benefits of entrepreneurship to economic development. Explain the role played by government in promoting entrepreneurship.
Ans 2.
Benefits of Entrepreneurship to Economic Development
- Employment Generation
Entrepreneurship creates new job opportunities by establishing new businesses and industries. It helps absorb both skilled and unskilled labor, thus reducing unemployment and enhancing living standards.
- Innovation and Technological
Q3. How entrepreneurship & Startup boom is growing in India?
Ans 3.
India’s Entrepreneurial Growth
India is witnessing a significant rise in entrepreneurship and startup activities. With favorable demographics, expanding internet access, digital payment systems, and government support, India has become one of the world’s fastest-growing startup ecosystems. From metro cities to tier-II and tier-III
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. Describe various skills an entrepreneur must have. How are entrepreneurs different from intrapreneur? 5+5
Ans 4.
Essential Skills an Entrepreneur Must Have
- Leadership and Decision-Making Skills
An entrepreneur must be able to lead a team effectively, motivate others, and make quick and informed decisions. Strong leadership ensures business vision is communicated clearly and goals are achieved collaboratively.
- Risk-Taking and
Q5. Discuss different types of Startups? Explain with suitable example. 5+5
Ans 5.
Types of Startups
Startups are newly formed business ventures typically driven by innovation, scalability, and a unique value proposition. While all startups share certain characteristics such as risk, agility, and high growth potential, they vary in purpose, structure, and goals. Understanding the different types
Q6. What is brainstorming? Explain the concept of business opportunity. 5+5
Ans 6.
Meaning of Brainstorming
Brainstorming is a creative group problem-solving technique used to generate a large number of ideas or solutions in a short amount of time. It involves the spontaneous contribution of ideas by all participants, without immediate judgment or criticism. The goal is to encourage free thinking and explore diverse possibilities. Brainstorming is commonly used in entrepreneurial environments for idea generation, innovation, and strategic planning.
During a brainstorming session, participants are encouraged to think outside the box and suggest even
| SESSION | FEB-MARCH 2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | 05 |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB3115 SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. What do you understand by small business? Explain the role of small business in the Indian Economy. 5+5
Ans 1.
Meaning of Small Business
A small business refers to a privately owned and operated business entity with a small scale of operations, limited investment, and a smaller workforce. In India, small businesses are defined by their investment in plant and machinery (in the case of manufacturing) or in equipment (for service-based businesses). As per the revised classification under the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
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Q2. Discuss the following terms:
- a) SWOT Analysis
- b) GAP analysis
Ans 2.
- a) SWOT Analysis
SWOT Analysis is a strategic planning tool used by businesses to identify their Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. It helps small businesses understand their internal capabilities and external environment so they can develop strategies for growth and sustainability.
- Strengths refer to
Q3. Explain the marketing mix and its importance for the company.
Ans 3.
Introduction to Marketing Mix
The marketing mix is a fundamental concept in marketing management that outlines the set of tools and strategies a company uses to promote its products or services in the market. Commonly referred to as the 4Ps—Product, Price, Place, and Promotion, the marketing mix helps businesses
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. What are the different components of a Business Plan?
Ans 4.
Business Plan
A business plan is a formal written document that outlines a company’s objectives, strategies, and the means to achieve them. It serves as a roadmap for starting and running a business successfully. Whether the goal is to attract investors, apply for loans, or guide internal operations, a well-prepared business
Q5. Describe the Government Financial Schemes for SMEs to Promote Business. 10
Ans 5.
Financial Support for SMEs
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are critical to India’s economic development, contributing significantly to employment generation, exports, and regional development. Recognizing their importance, the Government of India has launched several financial schemes to support,
Q6. What are the different categories in which costs are classified? Elaborate it. 10
Ans 6.
Cost Classification
Cost classification is the process of grouping costs into different categories based on their characteristics and relevance to decision-making, budgeting, and control. Proper cost classification helps businesses analyze expenses, control operations, and improve profitability. Costs