| SESSION | JULY-AUG 2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | V |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB 3113 E-COMMERCE |
Assignment Set – 1
- Define e-commerce. Explain its advantages and disadvantages. 2+4+4
Ans 1.
E-Commerce
E-commerce, short for electronic commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods and services through digital platforms over the internet. It includes activities such as online retailing, electronic payments, digital marketing, and online auctions. In essence, e-commerce enables businesses and consumers to interact and transact without physical barriers, relying on web-based technologies,
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- Explain in detail the main functions of e-commerce. 10
Ans 2.
Main Functions of E-Commerce
E-commerce functions as a digital ecosystem that integrates multiple business processes to facilitate smooth online transactions. Its primary functions include buying and selling, marketing, customer service, supply chain management, and electronic payment systems. Each function plays a crucial role in ensuring efficiency, transparency, and customer satisfaction in the online marketplace
- Explain the main business models in detail. 10
Ans 3.
Main Business Models of E-Commerce
E-commerce operates through various business models that define the nature of transactions between buyers and sellers. Each model serves different purposes, target audiences, and industries. Understanding these models helps entrepreneurs select appropriate strategies to reach customers effectively and
Assignment Set – 2
- Explain the process of cryptography in detail. 10
Ans 4.
Cryptography is the science of securing communication and data through encoding techniques that prevent unauthorized access. It ensures confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation in electronic transactions. In the digital era, where e-commerce and online banking dominate, cryptography plays a pivotal role in protecting sensitive information such as passwords, credit card details, and business data.
Concept and Importance of Cryptography
The term
- What do you mean by e-marketing? Differentiate it with traditional marketing. 2+8
Ans 5.
E-Marketing
E-marketing, also known as digital marketing or online marketing, refers to the use of internet-based platforms and electronic technologies to promote, sell, and distribute products or services. It involves a range of tools such as websites, email, search engines, and social media to connect with consumers globally.
E-marketing enables two-way interaction, allowing businesses to collect customer feedback, analyze preferences, and
- What do you mean by m-commerce? Explain the main components of M-commerce? 2+8
M-Commerce
M-commerce, or mobile commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods and services through mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. It is an extension of e-commerce that enables users to conduct transactions anytime and anywhere using wireless technology. M-commerce combines the convenience of mobility with the power of internet connectivity, allowing users to shop, pay bills,
| SESSION | JULY- AUG 2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | V |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB 3115 SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT |
Assignment Set – 1
- Explain the objectives and scope of small business management. Discuss how small businesses contribute to innovation and economic growth. 10
Ans 1.
Small Business Management refers to the process of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling business operations in small-scale enterprises. It focuses on ensuring that limited resources are used efficiently to achieve business goals. Small businesses play a vital role in the economic framework of a nation by promoting employment, innovation, and regional development.
Objectives of Small Business Management
The primary objective of small
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- Explain the PEST framework and its components. Discuss how SWOT helps in strategy formulation for small businesses. 10
Ans 2.
PEST Framework and SWOT in Strategy Formulation for Small Businesses
Strategic analysis is essential for small businesses to survive and grow in dynamic environments. The PEST framework and SWOT analysis are two fundamental tools that help entrepreneurs evaluate external and internal factors influencing business performance. Together, they guide managers in formulating practical, adaptable strategies for achieving long-term success
- Explain the role of market analysis in a business plan. Discuss how cash flow analysis helps in managing business operations. 10
Ans 3.
Role of Market Analysis and Cash Flow Analysis in Business Planning
A well-structured business plan provides direction and clarity for entrepreneurs, investors, and managers. Two crucial components of such a plan are market analysis and cash flow analysis. Market analysis helps identify demand patterns, customer behavior, and competitive dynamics, while cash flow analysis ensures financial stability and operational continuity. Together, they serve as essential tools for
Assignment Set – 2
- Discuss how the marketing mix helps businesses meet customer needs effectively. Explain the concept of material flow pattern in production. 10
Ans 4.
Marketing Mix and Material Flow Pattern in Production
The marketing mix is a fundamental concept that enables businesses to design and implement strategies that effectively satisfy customer needs. It is commonly referred to as the “4Ps” — Product, Price, Place, and Promotion — representing the core elements of marketing decision-making. For small and medium enterprises (SMEs), an appropriate marketing mix ensures a competitive edge and sustainable growth. Simultaneously, understanding material flow patterns in production helps
- Explain the financial schemes offered by the government to promote SMEs. Discuss the process and techniques of budget preparation and control. 10
Ans 5.
Government Financial Schemes for SMEs and Budget Preparation Process
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are vital to India’s economic growth, contributing significantly to employment, innovation, and exports. However, these enterprises often face financial constraints that hinder expansion. To address this, the government provides several financial schemes to ensure easy access to credit. Equally important is the process of budget preparation and control, which
- Discuss how case studies help in understanding real-world business problems. Explain how managerial skills are applied in the analysis of business case studies. 10
Ans 6.
Case Studies and Application of Managerial Skills in Business Analysis
Case studies are valuable educational and analytical tools that help learners and professionals understand complex business situations. They present real or simulated scenarios that require decision-making, problem-solving, and strategic thinking. By analyzing case studies, entrepreneurs and managers gain
| SESSION | JULY-AUG 2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | V |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB3101 CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR |
Assignment Set – 1
- Elucidate the role of consumer behaviour in Marketing. 10
Ans 1.
Consumer behaviour refers to the study of how individuals, groups, and organizations select, purchase, use, and dispose of goods and services to satisfy their needs and desires. It helps marketers understand the reasons behind consumer choices, preferences, and buying patterns. In today’s dynamic marketplace, understanding consumer behaviour is crucial because it forms the foundation for developing effective marketing strategies.
Understanding Consumer Needs and Wants
The success of any marketing
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- Explain two personality theories. 5+5
Ans 2.
Personality influences how consumers perceive brands, make decisions, and express themselves through consumption. It represents the psychological characteristics that shape individual responses to the environment. In marketing, personality theories help understand consumer motivations and predict purchasing behaviour. Two important personality theories—Freudian Theory and Trait Theory—are widely used to interpret consumer behaviour.
Freudian Theory of
- Differentiate between consumer behaviour of Indian and Global consumers with examples. 10
Ans 3.
Consumer behaviour varies significantly across countries due to differences in culture, lifestyle, economic development, and social values. Indian consumers, shaped by collectivist traditions and diverse income groups, differ from global consumers who often exhibit individualistic and experience-oriented preferences. Understanding these distinctions helps multinational companies tailor products and marketing strategies effectively.
Cultural Influences
Indian consumers are
Assignment Set – 2
- Explain the consumer buying process. 10
Ans 4.
The consumer buying process refers to the sequence of steps a consumer goes through before, during, and after purchasing a product or service. It provides marketers with insights into how buyers think, evaluate options, and make final decisions. Understanding this process enables organizations to develop effective marketing strategies that meet consumer expectations and improve satisfaction.
- Need Recognition
The buying process begins
- Write Short Notes on the following:
- Differential Threshold
- Subliminal Perception 5*2
Ans 5.
(a) Differential Threshold
The differential threshold, also known as the just noticeable difference (JND), refers to the minimum level of change in a stimulus that a consumer can detect. It determines how much difference must exist between two stimuli for the change to be noticeable. In marketing, this concept is vital for pricing, packaging, and product modifications.
For example, if a brand increases the price of a product slightly, it must ensure that the increase stays within the
- Discuss the Howard-Sheth Model of Consumer Decision Making Process. 10
Ans 6.
The Howard–Sheth Model, developed by John Howard and Jagdish Sheth in the 1960s, is one of the most comprehensive frameworks explaining consumer decision-making behaviour. It integrates both psychological and social factors to explain how consumers make purchasing decisions, especially for complex and high-involvement products. The model emphasizes the interaction between inputs, perceptual and learning constructs, and outputs that together shape buying behaviour.
- Input Variables
The model begins with
| SESSION | JULY-AUG 2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | V |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB3102 BUSINESS ANALYTICS |
Assignment Set – 1
- Describe how Business Analytics can help an organization improve its operational efficiency. 10
Ans 1.
Business Analytics (BA) is the process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data to support decision-making and improve business performance. It transforms raw data into actionable insights that help organizations identify inefficiencies, forecast trends, and optimize operations. In the era of digital transformation, business analytics has become a critical tool for achieving operational excellence and competitive advantage.
Enhancing Decision-Making
One of the most significant contributions of business analytics is its ability to support data-driven decision-making. Managers can use real-time data to identify performance gaps, allocate resources efficiently
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- How can data updating ensure the accuracy and reliability of data? 10
Ans 2.
Data is the foundation of business analytics and decision-making. However, the value of data depends on its accuracy, completeness, and timeliness. Outdated or incorrect data can lead to flawed analysis, poor decisions, and financial losses. Therefore, regular data updating plays a vital role in maintaining accuracy and reliability, ensuring that organizations operate with the most current and valid information.
Maintaining Data Accuracy
Accuracy refers to the
- Discuss how mobile and location-based Market Basket Analysis could be used in the future. 10
Ans 3.
Market Basket Analysis (MBA) is a data mining technique used to identify associations between products based on customer purchase patterns. When integrated with mobile and location-based technologies, MBA offers businesses unprecedented opportunities to personalize marketing strategies. As mobile devices become central to consumer lifestyles, location-based MBA represents the future of predictive and contextual marketing.
Mobile Market
Assignment Set – 2
- Discuss in detail how decision trees work in classification problems? 10
Ans 4.
Introduction
A decision tree is one of the most popular and intuitive tools used in classification and prediction problems. It is a supervised learning algorithm that visually represents decisions and their possible outcomes in a tree-like structure. Each internal node of the tree represents a condition or feature, each branch represents a possible outcome, and each leaf node corresponds to a final classification or decision.
Structure
- Explain Data Mining Process? 10
Ans 5.
Data mining is the process of discovering meaningful patterns, correlations, and insights from large volumes of data. It plays a vital role in business analytics by transforming raw data into actionable knowledge. The data mining process combines statistical analysis, artificial intelligence, and machine learning to support decision-making across industries such as finance, retail, healthcare, and
- Discuss some of the challenges that organizations may face in managing data. 10
Ans 6.
In today’s data-driven world, organizations generate vast amounts of information from multiple sources such as customers, suppliers, and digital platforms. Managing this data efficiently is crucial for decision-making and operational success. However, organizations often face several challenges related to volume, quality, integration, and security of data.
- Data Volume and Storage
| SESSION | JULY-AUG 2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | V |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB3111 PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT |
Assignment Set – 1
- Explain production management. Further discuss the scope of production management for organization. 4+6
Ans 1.
Production management is the discipline that focuses on planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the processes involved in transforming raw materials into finished goods or services. It aims to achieve maximum productivity by ensuring that people, materials, machines, and money are used effectively and economically. Every business—whether manufacturing cars, producing clothing, or providing digital services—relies on sound production management to ensure that resources are efficiently converted into market-ready outputs.
Meaning and Importance
The essence of production
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- Write short note on the following:
- Competitive Priorities
- Operations Strategy 5+5
(a) Competitive Priorities
Competitive priorities represent the key operational dimensions a company must excel in to gain a competitive edge in the marketplace. These priorities guide decision-making in production and operations management, helping firms align their processes with customer expectations and business objectives. The four classic competitive priorities are cost, quality, delivery, and flexibility, though innovation and sustainability have also become essential in modern operations.
Cost is often the most fundamental priority
- Define Operations Technology? Differentiate between IT (Information Technology) and OT (Operations Technology). 4+6
Ans 3.
Operations Technology (OT) plays a vital role in the modern industrial environment by controlling and monitoring physical devices and processes. It consists of systems, software, and machinery that ensure efficient production, safety, and automation. OT is especially critical in manufacturing, logistics, energy management, and transportation sectors, where real-time monitoring and control determine productivity and reliability.
Definition of Operations Technology
Operations Technology refers to the integration of hardware and software systems used to manage and control industrial operations
Assignment Set – 2
- What do you mean by inventory? Explain different types of inventories.
Ans 4.
Inventory
Inventory refers to the stock of goods, materials, and components that a business holds to meet future production and customer demand. It acts as a buffer between production and consumption, ensuring the smooth functioning of operations. In simple terms, inventory includes raw materials, work-in-progress (WIP), and finished goods that are essential for maintaining the continuity of business activities.
For example, an automobile company like Tata Motors keeps an inventory of steel, tires, and electronic components to ensure
- Elaborate how Purchasing plays a vital role in supply chain management.
Ans 5.
Purchasing is a critical function within supply chain management (SCM) that involves acquiring the right materials, in the right quantity and quality, at the right price, and from the right source. It ensures the continuous availability of inputs necessary for production and plays a strategic role in enhancing efficiency, reducing costs, and building strong supplier relationships.
Significance of Purchasing in SCM
In modern supply chains, purchasing is no longer limited to buying goods—it is a value-driven activity that integrates sourcing, negotiation, and supplier collaboration. For instance, Toyota’s supply chain strategy emphasizes long-term partnerships with suppliers to ensure quality, cost efficiency, and
- Describe the concept of Total Quality Management (TQM) and state four key principles of it.
Ans 6.
Concept of Total Quality Management (TQM)
Total Quality Management (TQM) is a comprehensive management philosophy focused on achieving long-term success through continuous improvement in quality and customer satisfaction. It integrates all members of an organization—employees, suppliers, and management—toward achieving excellence in every process and output. The concept gained global prominence through the contributions of W. Edwards Deming, Joseph Juran, and Philip Crosby, who emphasized quality as a strategic tool for competitiveness.
TQM is not confined to
| SESSION | JULY-AUG 2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | 05 |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB3112 ECONOMIC PLANNING |
Assignment Set – 1
- Elaborate in detail on the Marxian Theory and Schumpeterian Theory of Economic Development. 5+5
Ans 1.
The Marxian and Schumpeterian Theories of Economic Development
Economic development has been one of the central themes in economic thought, with various theorists offering distinct perspectives on its causes and processes. Among them, Karl Marx and Joseph Schumpeter stand out for presenting two contrasting yet influential theories — the Marxian theory emphasizing class struggle and capital accumulation, and the Schumpeterian theory highlighting innovation and entrepreneurship as engines of growth. Both perspectives explore how economies evolve, albeit through very different mechanisms.
The Marxian Theory of
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- a. Comment on to the 5 years trends of national income estimate in India.
- Discuss your views on economic development and environmental degradation. 5+5
Ans 2.
(a) Five-Year Trends of National Income Estimates in India
National income reflects the total value of goods and services produced within a country and serves as a key indicator of economic progress. In India, national income trends over the last five years reveal both resilience and challenges, reflecting the impact of global events, policy reforms, and structural changes in the economy.
Recent Five-Year
- Discuss the concept of democratic socialism in India. 10
Ans 3.
Concept of Democratic Socialism in India
Democratic socialism is a socio-economic philosophy that blends political democracy with social and economic justice. It seeks to achieve equality and welfare without sacrificing individual freedom or democratic governance. In the Indian context, democratic socialism has been a guiding principle of national policy since independence, shaping economic planning, governance, and welfare initiatives.
Meaning and Evolution
Democratic socialism differs
Assignment Set – 2
- Outline the important highlights of five-year plans in India (from Ist to XIth plan) 10
Ans 4.
Introduction
India adopted the concept of Five-Year Plans after independence to achieve balanced economic growth and social justice. Modeled after the Soviet planning system, these plans were implemented under the guidance of the Planning Commission (1950–2014). Each plan set specific objectives reflecting the nation’s developmental priorities at that time.
The Early Five-Year Plans (1951–1974)
The First Five-Year Plan (1951–56) emphasized agriculture, irrigation, and energy, as India faced severe food shortages. Its
- a. Write a note on estimation of employment in India and the steps taken by government to facilitate employment.
- Share your views on impact of black income on society and nation. 5+5
Ans 5.
(a) Estimation of Employment and Government Initiatives in India
Employment estimation provides essential insights into the labor market and economic well-being of a country. In India, employment is measured through surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) and more recently by the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS). These estimates help policymakers design programs to reduce unemployment and promote inclusive growth.
Estimation of Employment in India
Employment data in
- a. Discuss the features and contribution of unorganized sector in Indian economy.
- Explain the Indian public finance and fiscal policy in detail. 5+5
Ans 6.
(a) Features and Contribution of the Unorganized Sector in the Indian Economy
The unorganized sector refers to small and informal enterprises that operate outside the regulatory and tax framework of the government. It includes self-employed workers, daily wage earners, and small-scale units engaged in agriculture, construction, retail, and domestic services. Despite limited recognition, this sector is the backbone of India’s labor market.
Features of the
| SESSION | JUL – AUG 2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | 5 |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB3114 ENTREPRENUERSHIP |
Assignment Set – 1
- What do you understand by entrepreneurship? Explain the elements of entrepreneurship in detail. 5+5
Ans 1.
Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship is the dynamic process of transforming creative ideas into commercially viable enterprises. It involves identifying opportunities, mobilizing resources, assuming calculated risks, and generating value for customers and society. An entrepreneur is not merely a business owner but a change-maker who introduces innovation, challenges existing norms, and contributes to economic and social transformation. In a broader sense, entrepreneurship
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- Describe the benefits of entrepreneurship to economic development. Explain the role played by government in promoting entrepreneurship. 5+5
Ans 2.
Benefits of Entrepreneurship to Economic Development and Role of Government
Entrepreneurship acts as the backbone of economic development by stimulating innovation, employment, and regional balance. Entrepreneurs convert opportunities into productive ventures, mobilizing resources that otherwise remain idle. In a developing country like India, entrepreneurship bridges the gap between growth potential and implementation by creating a self-sustaining cycle of innovation
- How entrepreneurship & Startup boom is growing in India? 10
Ans 3.
Over the last decade, India has undergone a remarkable entrepreneurial renaissance, positioning itself as the third-largest start-up ecosystem in the world after the United States and China. The rise of technology, policy reforms, and changing social attitudes have collectively fueled this start-up boom, transforming India into a hub of innovation and investment.
Evolution of the Start-Up Ecosystem
The entrepreneurial surge
Assignment Set – 2
- Describe various skills an entrepreneur must have. How are entrepreneurs different from intrapreneur? 5+5
Ans 4.
Entrepreneurship requires more than just a great idea—it demands a diverse set of skills that allow individuals to transform concepts into successful ventures. These skills encompass leadership, innovation, communication, and risk management, all of which are essential for achieving long-term success. Entrepreneurs must continuously adapt to changing market dynamics, manage uncertainty,
- Explain the different stages of financing by venture capitalists. 5+5
Ans 5.
Stages of Financing by Venture Capitalists
Venture capital (VC) is a form of private equity financing provided to early-stage, high-potential companies. Venture capitalists supply funds, strategic guidance, and networking support to help start-ups grow rapidly. VC financing occurs in several structured stages, each corresponding to the company’s maturity level and funding requirements.
- Seed Stage
The seed stage is the earliest phase of
- What is brainstorming? Explain the concept of business opportunity. 5+5
Ans 6.
Entrepreneurship thrives on creativity and opportunity recognition. Two essential components of this process are brainstorming—a method for generating innovative ideas—and the identification of business opportunities, which transforms ideas into viable ventures. Both play crucial roles in nurturing entrepreneurial success and fostering economic innovation.
Concept of Brainstorming
Brainstorming is a group-based creative technique introduced by Alex F. Osborn in the 1940s to encourage idea generation without