| SESSION | JULY-AUGUST 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | 04 |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DMBA401 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS POLICY |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. What are the five major industry forces? How do they shape average profitability in an industry? 10
Ans 1.
Five Major Industry Forces and Their Impact on Average Profitability
Industry Forces in Strategic Management
In strategic management, the profitability and competitive nature of an industry are shaped by five fundamental forces as defined by Michael E. Porter’s Five Forces Model. These forces collectively determine how firms compete and how profits are distributed within an industry. By analyzing these forces, managers can develop strategies that enhance their organization’s long-term competitiveness and profitability.
- Threat of New Entrants
The entry of new
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- Elaborate on the four types of strategic control. Provide a business scenario for each where it would be the most critical form of control. 10
Ans 2.
Four Types of Strategic Control and Their Business Applications
Strategic control helps organizations ensure that strategic plans are properly implemented and that objectives are achieved efficiently. It provides a feedback mechanism to identify deviations from planned strategies and take corrective action. The four main types of strategic control—premise,
- How does the development and implementation of a Business Continuity Plan (BCP) impact an organization’s strategic management? Discuss the process of Business Continuity Plan. 5+5
Ans 3.
Impact and Process of Business Continuity Plan (BCP) on Strategic Management
Role of BCP in Strategic Management
A Business Continuity Plan, often known as a BCP, is a structured framework that is aimed to ensure that a business is able to continue operations both inside and outside of the event that causes disruption. When it comes to strategic management, business continuity planning (BCP) ensures the resilience of businesses, safeguards assets, and keeps stakeholders confident. It is not only a system for reacting to situations; rather, it is an essential part of strategic risk
Assignment Set – 2
- Examine the significance of fostering creativity and innovation in the business context, and identify the obstacles encountered when encouraging creative thinking and innovation within organizations. 5+5
Ans 4.
Significance of Fostering Creativity and Innovation in Business and the Obstacles Faced
In today’s dynamic and competitive global market, creativity and innovation have become vital strategic resources for organizational success. They are essential for improving efficiency, enhancing customer satisfaction, and creating a sustainable competitive advantage. Without innovation, even the most successful businesses risk stagnation and obsolescence. Therefore, fostering a culture of creativity has become an integral part of strategic management and
- What is the importance of business ethics and values in modern-day business practices? State some examples of successful CSR initiatives implemented by businesses in different industries? 6+4
Ans 5.
Importance of Business Ethics and Values and Examples of CSR Initiatives
Business ethics and corporate values form the foundation of responsible and sustainable organizational behavior. In the modern era, where stakeholders expect transparency and accountability, ethical conduct has become central to corporate strategy. Ethics not only ensures compliance with laws and regulations but also enhances reputation, trust, and long-term profitability.
Importance of Business
- a. Describe the Integration-Responsiveness Framework. 6
- Describe the different types of strategic alliances with suitable examples. 4
Ans 6.
(a) The Integration-Responsiveness Framework
The Integration-Responsiveness (I-R) Framework is a strategic management model that helps multinational companies determine how to balance global integration with local responsiveness. Developed by Prahalad and Doz, this framework identifies the competing pressures faced by firms operating across diverse markets.
Global integration refers to the need for consistency and efficiency across international operations, while local
| SESSION | JULY- AUG 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MBA |
| SEMESTER | IV |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DMBA402 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. Explain the importance of International Business. Explain the challenges faced while doing international business. 5+5
Ans 1.
Importance of International Business
International business plays a crucial role in shaping global economic development and fostering interdependence among nations. It allows companies to expand beyond domestic boundaries, offering access to new markets, resources, and talent. Businesses that engage globally enjoy diversified revenue streams, increased economies of scale, and greater opportunities for innovation. By trading internationally, countries can specialize in the production of goods and services where they
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Q 2. Write short note on following:
- Impact of Demographic Environment on IB
- Culture and its impact on international business 5+5
Ans 2.
Impact of Demographic Environment on International Business
The demographic environment significantly influences international business decisions by shaping consumer demand, labor markets, and investment opportunities. Factors such as population size, age distribution, education, and income levels determine the attractiveness of global markets. A country with a large and youthful population offers abundant labor supply and strong consumption potential. Businesses entering such markets design affordable and technology-oriented products to cater to growing urban populations.
Income distribution plays a critical
Q3. Write notes on the following:
- Negative impact of Globalization
- International Labor Organization 5+5
Ans 3.
Negative Impact of Globalization and Role of International Labour Organization
Negative Impact of Globalization
Globalization has transformed the world economy by fostering trade liberalization, technological progress, and capital mobility. However, it also brings challenges that affect social equality, environmental balance, and cultural identity. One major consequence is the widening gap between developed and developing nations. Wealth and technological benefits tend to concentrate in advanced
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. What is International Financial Management? Explain the types of International Accounting Standards. 5+5
Ans 4.
Meaning and Importance of International Financial Management
International Financial Management refers to the process of planning, organizing, and controlling financial activities in multinational corporations or businesses engaged in cross-border trade. It deals with financial decisions in an international environment, including foreign exchange risk, global capital structure, international taxation, and investment management. The objective is to maximize shareholder value while managing risks associated with international operations.
Companies are looking for possibilities to trade, invest, and receive money on a worldwide scale, which means that financial management in today’s modern corporate climate extends beyond the limitations of domestic borders. It is necessary to engage in specialist financial planning due to the variable nature of
Q5. Explain FDI? Elaborate on the advantages and disadvantages of FDI. 2+8
Ans 5.
Concept, Advantages, and Disadvantages of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
Meaning and Concept of FDI
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) refers to the investment made by a company or individual from one country into business interests located in another country. It usually involves establishing business operations, acquiring ownership or control in foreign enterprises, or expanding existing facilities abroad. FDI is a long-term commitment and signifies substantial influence on management and decision-making processes in the host country. It differs from portfolio investment, which
Q6. Write notes on the following:
- Recruitment of Expatriates
- Theory of Absolute Advantage 5+5
Ans 6.
Recruitment of Expatriates and Theory of Absolute Advantage
Recruitment of Expatriates
Recruitment of expatriates is a crucial element of international human resource management. It involves selecting and assigning employees from the home country or third countries to work in foreign subsidiaries. Expatriates play an essential role in transferring knowledge, maintaining organizational culture, and managing global operations. The recruitment process typically begins with identifying
| SESSION | JUL – AUG 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | IV |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DMBA403 BUSINESS LEADERSHIP |
Assignment Set – 1
- Define Leadership. Along with that, describe the Trait Theory of Leadership with suitable example. 3+7
Ans 1.
Leadership and Trait Theory of Leadership
Leadership
Leadership is the art of guiding, inspiring, and influencing individuals or groups toward achieving organizational goals. It involves creating a vision, communicating it effectively, and motivating others to pursue that vision with commitment and enthusiasm. Leadership is not confined to authority or position; it is about character, direction, and influence. A good leader builds trust, fosters collaboration, and empowers people to perform at their best. Effective leadership integrates
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- Describe – Behavioral approach to Leadership Theories. 10
Ans 2.
Behavioral Approach to Leadership Theories
Behavioral Approach
The behavioral approach to leadership emphasizes what leaders do rather than what traits they possess. It focuses on the observable actions, habits, and interpersonal interactions of leaders that influence team performance. The central idea is that leadership is a set of behaviors that can be learned and developed through training and experience, rather than an innate quality. This
- What do you understand by Group Dynamics? Introduce the concept of 360° Feedback and Ethical Leadership. 4+3+3
Ans 3.
Group Dynamics, 360° Feedback, and Ethical Leadership
Concept of Group Dynamics
Group dynamics refers to the study of interactions, relationships, and behavioral patterns within a group. It examines how individuals influence one another, how roles are formed, and how groups make decisions. In an organizational context, group dynamics plays a crucial role in determining productivity, communication flow, and employee satisfaction. Positive group dynamics
Assignment Set – 2
- List the Six ways to lead a team with suitable example. 10
Ans 4.
Six Ways to Lead a Team with Suitable Examples
Leadership in teams is the cornerstone of organizational success. The ability to guide, motivate, and align individuals toward a common purpose determines how effectively a team performs. In dynamic business environments, leaders must adapt their style based on team composition, organizational goals, and situational demands. Effective team leadership involves balancing authority with empathy, setting clear directions, and cultivating collaboration. Six fundamental ways of leading a team can be recognized—each with its own impact on morale
- State the significance of Organizational Culture? Explain the outcome-oriented Culture in an organization. 5+5
Ans 5.
Significance of Organizational Culture
Organizational culture refers to the collective values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors that define how employees interact and accomplish goals. It acts as the invisible framework that influences decision-making, motivation, and overall work performance. A strong organizational culture provides identity, direction, and stability within the organization. It shapes how employees perceive their roles and the company’s mission, fostering unity and shared purpose.
The significance of culture lies in its ability to drive engagement and commitment. When employees
- Discuss the Characteristics of Ethical Leadership in detail. 10
Ans 6.
Ethical leadership integrates moral principles with professional decision-making. It is the practice of leading with honesty, fairness, accountability, and respect for others. In the modern corporate environment, where reputation and stakeholder trust are critical, ethical leadership serves as the foundation of responsible governance. Ethical leaders set an example for others, influencing the moral climate of their organizations and ensuring that business objectives align
| SESSION | JULY – AUG 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | IV |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DSCM401 GLOBAL LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT |
Assignment Set – 1
1a. What are the challenges associated with enforcing international contracts across different legal jurisdictions? How can this be addressed?
- How does production dispersion strategy contribute for promoting global trade? Explain briefly.
Ans 1.
(a) Challenges in Enforcing International Contracts and Solutions
Enforcing international contracts across different legal jurisdictions is one of the most complex challenges in global trade. Each country operates under its own legal system, rules of evidence, and procedural laws, which makes contract enforcement inconsistent and time-consuming. The absence of a universal legal framework often leads to ambiguity in interpreting contractual terms. Businesses must navigate differences between common law and civil law systems, where
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2a. What are the primary types of seaports? State their challenges and benefits.
- Modern shipping technology is a vital lifeline of global trade and connectivity. Justify.
Ans 2.
(a) Primary Types of Seaports, Their Benefits and Challenges
Types of Seaports
Seaports are vital nodes in global logistics networks, facilitating international trade by handling large volumes of cargo and passengers. The primary types of seaports include commercial ports, container ports, industrial ports, fishing ports, and passenger ports.
Commercial ports handle bulk and general cargo such as coal, oil, and grain. Container ports specialize in handling standardized shipping containers, which form the backbone of global trade due to their efficiency and scalability. Industrial ports serve manufacturing or processing industries,
3a. What are the common types of vessels used in shipping industry?
- Explain the key components of ocean liner contract system.
Ans 3.
(a) Common Types of Vessels Used in the Shipping Industry
Overview and Classification
The shipping industry employs a diverse range of vessels to transport different types of cargo efficiently and safely. The most common categories include bulk carriers, container ships, tankers, roll-on/roll-off (Ro-Ro) vessels, and general cargo ships. Each type is designed to suit the nature and volume of goods being moved. Bulk carriers transport unpackaged commodities like coal, iron ore, and grain. They have large cargo holds and are vital for raw material trad
Assignment Set – 2
4a. What is significance of Aviation in Global Logistics and Supply Chain Management?
- Intermodal containers are essential in global logistics and supply chain management. Justify
Ans 4.
(a) Significance of Aviation in Global Logistics and Supply Chain Management
Role of Aviation in Global Logistics
Aviation plays a critical role in the global logistics and supply chain network by enabling the rapid and reliable transportation of goods across continents. It forms the backbone of time-sensitive and high-value cargo movement, such as electronics, pharmaceuticals, and perishable goods. The aviation sector’s ability to connect remote regions and major trading hubs within hours rather than days has transformed supply chain efficiency and global trade dynamics.
Air transport ensures the speed and precision necessary in today’s globalized economy, where just-in-time
5a. What are the steps involved in order fulfilment in the context of modern logistics?
- What are features of Automated Clearing House (ACH) in global logistics?
Ans 5.
(a) Steps Involved in Order Fulfilment in Modern Logistics
Order fulfilment in modern logistics refers to the entire process of receiving, processing, and delivering customer orders efficiently and accurately. It is a critical component of supply chain management that determines customer satisfaction and organizational reputation.
- The first step involves order receipt and validation, where customer requests are captured through electronic systems, and payment confirmation is verified. Accurate data entry is
6a. Explain the components of Cargo insurance policy.
- How does amodalism differ from traditional logistics approach, and what are its core principles?
Ans 6.
(a) Components of a Cargo Insurance Policy
A cargo insurance policy protects goods in transit against loss or damage caused by unforeseen events during shipment by sea, air, or land. It is a fundamental element of international logistics that mitigates financial risks associated with global trade. The main components of a cargo insurance policy include the insured party, the subject matter (goods), coverage terms, sum insured, exclusions, and claims procedures.
The insured party refers to the
| SESSION | JULY-AUGUST 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | IV |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DSCM402 CATEGORY MANAGEMENT IN PURCHASING |
Assignment Set – 1
- What is meant by “data classification”. Explain the steps involved in Category Management. 4+6
Ans 1.
Meaning of Data Classification and Steps Involved in Category Management
Data classification in category management refers to the systematic process of organizing procurement and purchasing information into defined groups based on shared characteristics such as category, spend type, or supplier. It forms the foundation for effective category management by allowing procurement professionals to analyze, segment, and manage different types of goods and services strategically. Data classification helps organizations identify spending patterns,
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- Discuss initiation toolkit. Explain five steps involved in category Management. 5+5
Ans 2.
Initiation Toolkit and Five Steps Involved in Category Management
Initiation Toolkit
The initiation toolkit is an essential component of category management that enables organizations to launch structured and effective category management programs. It provides the tools, frameworks, and methodologies required to assess readiness, define objectives, and establish governance structures. The initiation toolkit typically includes templates for data collection, stakeholder analysis, opportunity assessment, and project planning. Its purpose is to ensure that all
- What exactly is it that a team charter entails? What are the different approaches to supplier’s pricing strategy? 5+5
Ans 3.
Concept of a Team Charter and Supplier’s Pricing Strategy Approaches
Team Charter
A team charter is a formal document that defines the purpose, goals, roles, and responsibilities of a category management or procurement team. It serves as a guiding framework that ensures alignment among team members and stakeholders throughout a project’s lifecycle. The charter outlines the scope of work, deliverables, communication plan, and decision-making authority, providing clarity and accountability.
Creating a team charter
Assignment Set – 2
- What are the primary objectives of developing an implementation plan for a project. Discuss various stages of negotiation process. 5+5
Ans 4.
Objectives of Developing an Implementation Plan and Stages of the Negotiation Process
An implementation plan serves as the practical blueprint for translating strategies into actionable outcomes. In the context of category management and procurement projects, it defines how objectives will be executed, monitored, and controlled. The primary objective of developing an implementation plan is to ensure that every stakeholder understands their role, timelines, and responsibilities in achieving project success. It bridges the gap between planning and
- What is meant by continuous innovation? Explain the main components included in the category management programme plan. 4+6
Ans 5.
Continuous Innovation and Components of Category Management Programme Plan
Continuous innovation refers to the ongoing process of improving products, services, and operational processes to maintain competitiveness and meet evolving market needs. In procurement and category management, it involves continuously reassessing sourcing strategies, supplier performance, and category structures to enhance value creation. Unlike disruptive innovation, which introduces entirely new concepts, continuous innovation focuses on incremental
- What do you mean by Corporate Social Responsibility? What are the ways of doing CSR? Discuss the Category Management System at Miller Brewing. 3+3+4
Ans 6.
Meaning of Corporate Social Responsibility
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers to the ethical and sustainable approach adopted by businesses to contribute positively to society while achieving economic objectives. It involves integrating social, environmental, and ethical considerations into business operations. CSR recognizes that companies are accountable not only to shareholders but also to stakeholders such as employees, customers, communities, and the environment.
Organizations engaging in CSR demonstrate commitment to long-term sustainability and social welfare. This approach enhances brand reputation, builds consumer trust, and fosters a positive
| SESSION | JULY-AUGUST 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | 4 |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DSCM403 PURCHASING AND CONTRACTING FOR PROJECTS |
Assignment Set – 1
- Explain the concept of Contracting. Also, to detail the various purpose of Contracting. 4+6
Ans 1.
Concept of Contracting
Contracting refers to the legally binding agreement between two or more parties that outlines the rights, responsibilities, and obligations involved in executing a specific project or transaction. In project management and procurement, contracting serves as a formal framework that defines how work will be performed, how risks will be managed, and how compensation will be determined. It acts as the foundation for collaboration between clients, suppliers, and
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- Detailed the types of Fixed-Price Contracts. Further to explain the advantages and disadvantages of fixed-price contracts. 6+2+2
Ans 2.
Types of Fixed-Price Contracts
Fixed-price contracts are agreements in which the seller commits to deliver specific products or services for a pre-determined price, regardless of actual costs incurred. This type of contract transfers a significant portion of financial risk from the buyer to the seller, making it ideal when project requirements are well-defined. There are several major types of fixed-price contracts, each designed for specific scenarios.
- Firm Fixed-Price (FFP
- What do you mean by Contracting Strategies? Also, to discuss the various contracting strategies organizations should follow. 3+7
Ans 3.
Meaning of Contracting Strategies
Contracting strategies refer to the structured approach organizations adopt to define, allocate, and manage project responsibilities, risks, and deliverables through contractual relationships. These strategies determine how work will be executed and how contractual obligations will be shared among stakeholders. A contracting strategy aligns the project’s objectives, budget, and risk appetite with the appropriate contractual framework.
In essence, it acts as a roadmap for selecting the most suitable type of contract, procurement process, and
Assignment Set – 2
- What do you mean by Prequalification in tendering? Detail various Pros and Cons of Prequalification. 3+3.5+3.5
Ans 4.
Meaning of Prequalification in Tendering
Prequalification in tendering refers to the process of evaluating and shortlisting potential contractors or suppliers before they are invited to submit bids for a project. It serves as a screening mechanism to ensure that only competent, experienced, and financially stable organizations participate in the tendering process. The objective is to minimize risks by assessing a bidder’s capability to deliver quality work within specified timelines and budgets.
Prequalification is
- Explain the various common payment terms in purchasing. 10
Ans 5.
Common Payment Terms in Purchasing
Payment terms in purchasing refer to the agreed-upon conditions that define when and how payments for goods or services will be made between the buyer and the supplier. These terms establish financial discipline and trust, ensuring smooth business transactions and maintaining liquidity for both parties. Well-defined payment terms reduce the risk of disputes, enhance supplier relationships, and ensure timely procurement.
Common Payment
- Explain the concept of Procurement Incentives. Detail the various incentive procurement strategies. 4+6
Ans 6.
Concept of Procurement Incentives
Procurement incentives are motivational mechanisms designed to align supplier performance with organizational objectives. They reward suppliers for achieving or exceeding predefined performance targets related to cost savings, quality improvement, timely delivery, or innovation. The concept is based on the principle that performance-linked rewards encourage better results than standard fixed compensation.
In project contracting, procurement incentives are embedded within contracts to promote collaboration and accountability. They create a win-win scenario where both buyer and supplier benefit from enhanced outcomes. Incentives may take monetary forms such as bonus payments or
| SESSION | JUL – AUG 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | 4 |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DSCM404 SUPPLY CHAIN COST MANAGEMENT |
Assignment Set – 1
- What is Cash to Cash Cycle and why is it important? Discuss the various challenges faced in managing cash to cash cycle and what are the strategies to control it. 6+4
Ans 1.
Concept of Cash-to-Cash Cycle
The Cash-to-Cash (C2C) cycle, also known as the cash conversion cycle, measures the time taken by a company to convert its investments in inventory and other resources into cash flows from sales. It reflects the operational efficiency of a business by showing how quickly capital invested in raw materials, production, and sales is recovered. The cycle consists of three key components—Days Inventory Outstanding (DIO), Days Sales Outstanding (DSO), and Days Payable Outstanding (DPO).
The formula used is:
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- What is the significance of Non-financial performance measurement and what are the key dimensions of Non-Financial performance measurement? List some of the challenges in Non-Financial performance management. 7+3
Ans 2.
Significance of Non-Financial Performance Measurement
Non-financial performance measurement focuses on assessing organizational success beyond monetary outcomes. It includes qualitative and operational indicators that provide insights into efficiency, customer satisfaction, innovation, and sustainability. In supply chain management, financial data alone cannot reveal the entire picture; non-financial metrics are essential to evaluate long-term value creation and strategic alignment.
The significance of non-
- Discuss the Critical Costs that need to be managed to make the supply chain more cost effective. 10
Ans 3.
Critical Costs to be Managed for a Cost-Effective Supply Chain
A cost-effective supply chain focuses on delivering maximum customer value at the lowest possible operational cost. Managing critical costs effectively ensures competitiveness, profitability, and efficiency. Supply chain cost management encompasses all expenses incurred from sourcing raw materials to delivering finished goods to customers. Understanding and controlling these costs enables organizations to enhance productivity, improve margins, and
Assignment Set – 2
- Discuss the different types of Primary, Secondary and tertiary costs of any supply chain. What are the key challenges and considerations in implementing allocation-based systems for cost measurement within the supply chain? 7+3
Ans 4.
Types of Supply Chain Costs
Supply chain costs can be broadly categorized into primary, secondary, and tertiary costs. These classifications help organizations trace expenditures throughout the supply chain and identify areas for improvement or optimization. Understanding the hierarchy of these costs allows companies to align strategic, operational, and financial objectives effectively.
Primary Costs
Primary costs are the direct expenses associated with the production and movement of goods. These include procurement costs, raw material acquisition, manufacturing expenses, and direct labor. They represent the foundation of the supply chain cost structure. Procurement and production decisions directly influence primary costs, making them essential in determining pricing and profitability. For example, sourcing from global suppliers may reduce unit costs but
- How can organisations effectively select key cost drivers within their supply chain and manage their overall cost structure 10
Ans 5.
Selecting Key Cost Drivers
Cost drivers are the underlying factors that influence the total cost of supply chain operations. Identifying and managing them effectively is vital for maintaining profitability and operational control. Cost drivers vary by industry, process complexity, and organizational priorities but generally include procurement, production, logistics, and inventory management.
Organizations begin by conducting cost mapping to understand where resources are consumed across the value chain. This involves categorizing costs into fixed, variable, and semi-variable components and analyzing their correlation with operational activities. Advanced analytics and enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems play a key role in identifying cost drivers such
- What are the key elements of corrugated box cost calculations? 10
Ans 6.
Key Elements of Corrugated Box Cost Calculations
Corrugated boxes are an integral component of packaging in supply chain logistics, providing protection, branding, and transportation efficiency. Understanding the cost structure behind corrugated boxes is essential for managing packaging budgets, optimizing design, and maintaining profitability. The cost calculation involves assessing material, manufacturing, logistics, and overhead factors that together determine the final price of each unit.
Elements of