| SESSION | JULY-AUG 2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (B.COM) |
| SEMESTER | VI |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DCM3201 ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT |
Set – 1
- Discuss the essential skills of a successful entrepreneur. How do these skills influence the sustainability and growth of new ventures? 5+5
Ans 1.
Entrepreneurship is the process of identifying opportunities, organizing resources, and creating value through innovation. To thrive in this dynamic landscape, entrepreneurs require a unique blend of skills that enable them to make strategic decisions, manage challenges, and sustain growth. These skills collectively shape the trajectory of the business, from its inception to long-term success.
Essential Skills of a Successful Entrepreneur
A successful
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- Explain the creativity process and analyze various techniques used to enhance creativity among entrepreneurs. 10
Ans 2.
Creativity lies at the heart of entrepreneurship. It empowers entrepreneurs to identify unmet needs, develop innovative solutions, and establish a distinct competitive advantage. The creativity process involves generating new ideas and transforming them into practical outcomes that drive business success. To nurture creativity, entrepreneurs adopt structured techniques that stimulate imagination and encourage innovation.
Understanding the Creativity Process
The creativity process generally involves four key stages:
- The first is
- Describe the entrepreneurial decision-making process. How do personal, social, and environmental factors shape the final venture choice? 5+5
Ans 3.
Entrepreneurial decision-making is a complex and dynamic process that involves identifying opportunities, evaluating risks, and choosing the best possible venture path. It combines rational analysis with intuition, shaped by personal traits, social interactions, and environmental conditions. The quality of decision-making determines whether a business idea can be transformed into a successful venture.
Entrepreneurial Decision-Making Process
- Opportunity Recognition The process begins with opportunity recognition, where the entrepreneur identifies an unmet market need or an area for improvement. Creativity, experience, and observation play a vital role in this stage.
- Data Collection and Evaluation The next step is data collection and evaluation, which involves gathering information about customer preferences, competitors, and financial viability.
Set – 2
- Explain the importance of new venture financing. Discuss the role of venture capital and ownership securities in supporting innovative start- ups. 5+5
Ans 4.
Financing is the backbone of every new business venture. A brilliant idea or innovative product cannot transform into a successful enterprise without adequate financial resources. New venture financing refers to the process of obtaining funds required to start, operate, and grow a business. It helps entrepreneurs acquire essential assets, hire skilled personnel, and sustain operations until the venture becomes profitable.
Importance of
- “A business plan is a roadmap to entrepreneurial success.” Analyze this statement. 10
Ans 5.
A business plan is a comprehensive document that outlines an entrepreneur’s vision, objectives, strategies, and financial projections. It serves as a roadmap guiding the entrepreneur from idea conception to execution and growth. The statement that “a business plan is a roadmap to entrepreneurial success” is accurate because it provides structure, direction, and clarity to the entire entrepreneurial journey.
Importance of a Business Plan
A well-crafted business plan helps entrepreneurs define their mission and goals. It outlines the purpose of the business, target market, and unique selling proposition, ensuring that every decision aligns with long-term objectives. This clarity prevents resource misallocation and reduces the chances of
- What is intellectual property? “Protecting intellectual property is important for a new venture”. Analyse. 2+8
Ans 6.
Intellectual Property (IP) refers to creations of the human mind, such as inventions, literary works, artistic designs, symbols, names, and images used in commerce. Intellectual property is protected through laws that grant creators exclusive rights over their innovations for a specified period. Common forms of IP include patents, trademarks, copyrights, industrial designs, and trade secrets.
The Importance of Protecting
| SESSION | JULY-AUGUST 2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (B COM) |
| SEMESTER | VI |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DCM3202 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF AUDITING |
Assignment Set – 1
- Elaborate on the following types of audits-
- Annual Statutory Financial Audits.
- Interim and Concurrent audits. 5+ 5 ( 2.5+ 2.5)
Ans 1.
Auditing is an essential process that ensures accuracy, reliability, and transparency in the financial statements of a business. Different types of audits are conducted depending on the purpose, timing, and legal requirements. Among the most important are annual statutory financial audits and interim or concurrent audits, each serving distinct roles in maintaining accountability and financial integrity.
Annual Statutory Financial Audits
An annual statutory financial audit is a legally mandated examination of a company’s financial records and statements at the end of every financial year. It is conducted by an independent external
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- Explain the relevance of internal control, especially as a business expands from a small operation to a larger organization.
Ans 2.
Internal control refers to the set of policies, procedures, and mechanisms designed by management to ensure the effective operation of a business, safeguard assets, prevent fraud, and maintain accurate records. As an organization grows from a small enterprise into a larger one, internal control becomes increasingly essential for maintaining efficiency and reliability.
Need for Internal Control in Business Expansion
In the early stages, small businesses often operate with limited staff and simple processes, where owners
- Write a detailed essay on the meaning and importance of vouching.
Ans 3.
Vouching is considered the backbone of auditing because it serves as the foundation for verifying the authenticity and accuracy of financial transactions. It is the process by which an auditor examines documentary evidence supporting each entry in the books of accounts to ensure that the recorded transactions are genuine, authorized, and properly classified.
Meaning of Vouching
The term “vouching” is derived from the word “voucher,” meaning documentary proof of a transaction.
Assignment Set – 2
- Discuss the qualifications and disqualifications of an auditor of a Public Limited Company.
Ans 4.
An auditor plays a crucial role in ensuring the accuracy and reliability of a company’s financial statements. In the case of a Public Limited Company, the appointment, qualifications, and disqualifications of auditors are governed by Sections 139 to 141 of the Companies Act, 2013. These provisions ensure that only competent, independent, and professionally ethical
- Analyze the chief points to be kept in mind by auditors, while undertaking the audit of hotels.
Ans 5.
The audit of hotels is a specialized area within the field of auditing, requiring attention to unique aspects of hospitality operations. Unlike manufacturing or trading businesses, hotels deal with continuous inflows and outflows of cash, complex service billing, and inventory management across departments such as accommodation, food and beverages, and recreation. Auditors must therefore design their audit procedures carefully to ensure accurate financial reporting and effective internal control.
Key Audit
- Elaborate on the duties of the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India.
Ans 6.
The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India is one of the most significant constitutional authorities responsible for ensuring accountability and transparency in public financial management. Established under Article 148 of the Indian Constitution, the CAG acts as the guardian of the nation’s finances and ensures that public money is used efficiently and lawfully.
Constitutional Role and Powers
The CAG is appointed by the President of India and enjoys independence similar to that of a Supreme Court judge. Under Articles 149 to 151, the CAG’s duties, powers, and responsibilities are defined. The CAG’s primary role is to audit and report on the receipts and expenditures of
| SESSION | JULY-AUGUST 2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF COMMERCE |
| SEMESTER | VI |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DCM3203 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT |
Set – 1
- (i) Explain the SWOT analysis and steps involved in the application.
(ii) Describe the instruments of monetary policy. 5+5
Q1. (i) SWOT Analysis and Steps Involved (ii) Instruments of Monetary Policy
Ans 1.
(i) Meaning of SWOT Analysis
SWOT analysis is a strategic management tool used to identify and evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of an organization. It helps businesses understand internal and external factors that influence their performance and competitiveness. Strengths and weaknesses are internal elements, while opportunities and threats arise from the external environment. The purpose of SWOT analysis is to help organizations align their capabilities with the changing business environment, formulate strategic plans, and achieve sustainable growth.
Steps Involved in SWOT Analysis
The application of
- Write a short note on the given topics:
(i) Changing profile of the Indian economy
(ii) Influence of culture on communication and decision-making 5+5
Ans 2.
(i) Changing Profile of the Indian Economy
The Indian economy has experienced a remarkable structural transformation since independence in 1947. Initially, it was primarily agrarian, contributing more than 50% to GDP and employing the majority of the workforce. However, with planned economic development through Five-Year Plans, emphasis shifted towards industrialization and infrastructure development. The 1991 economic reforms marked a turning point by introducing Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization (LPG), which opened Indian markets to foreign investment and competition.
Over time, the contribution of agriculture to GDP declined, while the industrial and service sectors gained prominence. Today, the service sector contributes more than 50% of India’s GDP, driven by information technology, telecommunications, finance, and e-commerce. Industrial development has been supported by initiatives like Make in India, Startup India, and Atmanirbhar Bharat, which aim to boost domestic manufacturing and innovation.
Another significant change is the rise of digitalization, fintech, and e-governance, making India a hub fIts Half solved only
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or digital innovation. The workforce has shifted from rural to urban areas, and employment opportunities have diversified across technology and service-based industries. Despite these advancements, challenges such as income inequality, unemployment, and regional disparities persist. Nevertheless, India’s demographic advantage, large consumer base, and policy reforms position it as one of the fastest-growing economies globally. The ongoing focus on green energy, sustainable growth, and infrastructure modernization reflects the evolving profile of the Indian economy as a resilient and competitive global force.
(ii) Influence of Culture on Communication and Decision-Making
Culture profoundly impacts communication and decision-making processes within organizations. It shapes how individuals perceive authority, share information, and resolve conflicts. In high-context cultures such as India, Japan, and China, communication tends to be indirect,
- (i) Describe the characteristics of a mixed economy.
(ii) Explain the role of Foreign Direct Investment. 5+5
Ans 3.
(i) Characteristics of a Mixed Economy
A mixed economy is a system that combines features of both capitalism and socialism to achieve economic efficiency along with social welfare. It seeks to balance private enterprise with government control to ensure inclusive growth and equitable distribution of resources. The key characteristics include:
- Coexist
Set – 2
- (i) Discuss the different laws impacting the business in India.
(ii) “An ideal economy is based on three principles”. Elaborate the statement. 5+5
Ans 4.
(i) Different Laws Impacting Business in India
The business environment in India is governed by a comprehensive legal framework that ensures fair competition, consumer protection, environmental sustainability, and ethical corporate practices. These laws provide guidelines for business conduct, protect stakeholders’ interests, and promote transparency. One of the key legislations is the Companies Act, 2013, which governs company formation, corporate governance, mergers, and financial reporting. It ensures
- (i) Describe the crisis of June 1991.
(ii) Discuss the benefits of privatization. 5+5
Ans 5.
(i) The Crisis of June 1991
The economic crisis of June 1991 marked a turning point in India’s financial history. The country faced a severe balance of payments crisis, characterized by dwindling foreign exchange reserves, mounting fiscal deficits, and high inflation. By mid-1991, India’s foreign exchange reserves had fallen to less than one billion US dollars—barely sufficient to cover two weeks of imports. This crisis was a result of years of inefficient public sector performance, excessive government borrowing, and dependence on foreign debt.
Political
- (i) Explain the concept of globalization and its benefits.
(ii) Write a short note on the structure of WTO. 5+5
Ans 6.
(i) Concept of Globalization and Its Benefits
Globalization refers to the process of increasing interconnection and integration of national economies through trade, investment, technology, and cultural exchange. It allows goods, services, information, and capital to move freely across borders, reducing geographical and economic barriers. In the modern era, globalization has been driven by technological advancement,
| SESSION | JULY-AUG 2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (B.COM) |
| SEMESTER | VI |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DCM3204 DIRECT TAXES |
Set – 1
- Explain the following terms: 10
A Previous Year
B Income
Ans 1.
(A) Previous Year and
In the Indian taxation system, the concept of the “Previous Year” plays a crucial role in determining the time frame during which income is earned before being assessed for taxation. As defined under Section 3 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, the previous year refers to the financial year immediately preceding the assessment year. It begins on 1st April of a given year and ends on 31st March of the following year. For example, income earned between 1st April 2024 and 31st
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- Determine the residential status for the assessment year 2025-26 of the following assesses: 10
- Mr A, an Indian citizen, was born in the U.K. He came to India when he was 12 years age and went outside India for the first time when he was 25 years old. He left for the U.K. in May 2022 and again came back to India in March 2025.
Determine his residential status. 5
- Mr R left for Japan on 15th March 2022, after staying in India for 15 years. He came back on 31st August 2024. Determine his residential status. 5
Ans 2.
Determination of Residential Status for the Assessment Year 2025–26
Under Section 6 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, an individual’s residential status depends on the number of days he has stayed in India during the relevant previous year and preceding years.
A person is said to be Resident in India if he satisfies any one of the following basic conditions:
Basic Conditions:
- Mr Ravi is employed by X Ltd. At Delhi up to 30/11/2024 on the following terms:
- Basic Salary Rs. 20,000 p.m.
- D.A. 30% of basic salary (60% forms part of salary).
- House Rent Allowance Rs. 8,000 p.m.
w.e.f. 1/12/2024 Mr Ravi joined Y Ltd. At Amritsar on the following terms:
- Basic Salary Rs. 40,000 p.m.
- D.A. Rs. 32,000 p.m. (forms part of salary).
- House Rent Allowance Rs. 24,000.
- Rent paid by Mr Ravi Rs. 7,600 p.m.
Compute the taxable amount of House Rent Allowance for the Assessment Year 2025-26
Ans 3.
Computation of Taxable House Rent Allowance (HRA) for A.Y. 2025–26
Given Data
Employment 1: X Ltd., Delhi (up to 30 Nov 2024)
- Basic Salary = ₹20,000 per month
- D.A. = 30% of Basic = ₹6,000 per month (60% forms part of salary → ₹3,600)
- HRA = ₹8,000 per month
- Rent
Set – 2
- Mr K purchased a piece of land on 4/1/1998 for Rs. 50,000. This land was sold by him on 1.7.2024 for Rs. 15,00,000. The market value of land as on 1/4/2001 was Rs. 1,00,000. Expenses on sales were 2% of the transfer price. Compute the taxable capital gain for the Assessment Year 2025-26. Assume the cost inflation index for 2024-25 to be 363.
Ans 4.
Computation of Taxable Capital Gain for A.Y. 2025–26
Given Information
| Particulars | Details |
| Date of Purchase | 4 January 1998 |
| Cost of Purchase | ₹ 50,000 |
| Market Value as on 1 April 2001 | ₹ 1,00,000 |
| Date of Sale | 1 July 2024 |
| Sale Price | ₹ 15,00,000 |
| Expenses on Sale | 2% of Sale Price |
| Cost Inflation Index (CII) for 2024–25 | 363 |
| CII for 2001–02 (base year) | 100 |
Step 1: Identify the Nature of Capital Asset
- The land was purchased in 1998 and sold in 2024.
- Explain the following Deductions briefly:
- 80C 2. 80D 3. 80E 4. 80U 2.5 x 4
Ans 5.
The Income Tax Act, 1961 provides several deductions under Chapter VI-A (Sections 80C to 80U) to encourage savings, investment, education, health insurance, and support for differently abled persons. These deductions reduce the taxable income of an individual and promote financial security and social welfare. The key deductions relevant here are explained below.
Section 80C
- The following particulars are of Mr Arun’s income for the previous year ending 31st March 2025:
- Income from House Property (Loss) Rs. 6,000
- Interest on sundry loans (Income) Rs. 3,000
- Business income (cloth) Rs. 2,90,000
- Share of loss from the firm Rs. 18,000
- Speculation loss Rs. 3,200
- Dividend (Gross) Rs. 5,000
- Capital gains (short-term) Rs. 1,500
- Capital gains (long-term) Rs. 6,000
- Loss from small-scale industry Rs. 14,000
- Income from agricultural land Rs. 4,500
Set off various losses from income and compute the gross total income. Compute the amount that can be carried forward. 10
Ans 6.
Computation of Gross Total Income and Losses to be Carried Forward
Given Information (Previous Year 2024–25)
| Particulars | Amount (₹) | Nature |
| Income from House Property (Loss) | (6,000) | Loss |
| Interest on Sundry Loans | 3,000 | Income from Other Sources |
| Business Income (Cloth) | 2,90,000 | Profits & Gains of Business or Profession |
| Share of Loss from Firm | (18,000) | Business Loss (Exempt from Set-off) |