| SESSION | JULY – AUGUST 2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | IV |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB2201 BUSINESS STRATEGY |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. Discuss the various categories of business policies and clarify how they differ from business strategies. 4+6
Ans 1.
Business policies and strategies form the backbone of organizational decision-making and direction. While both are interrelated, they serve different roles. Business policies act as guiding principles for managerial decisions, ensuring uniformity and consistency, whereas business strategies define the path to achieve long-term objectives.
Categories of Business Policies
Business policies can be broadly categorized into several types based on their scope, function, and formulation:
- Basic or General
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Q2. In what ways can tools and methodologies be applied to support and streamline the strategic choice process? 10
Ans 2.
The strategic choice process involves selecting the most suitable course of action from multiple alternatives to achieve organizational goals. Effective use of analytical tools and methodologies ensures rational, evidence-based decisions that align with both internal strengths and external opportunities.
Analytical
Q3. Write a brief overview on:
- Stability Strategy
- Retrenchment Strategy 5+5
Ans 3.
(i) Stability Strategy
A stability strategy is adopted by organizations that prefer to maintain their existing market position rather than pursue aggressive growth or diversification. It is a conservative approach used when a company’s current operations are performing satisfactorily, and the external environment is stable. This strategy aims to sustain profitability, improve internal efficiency, and strengthen customer relationships without venturing into new risks or markets.
The main forms of a stability strategy include the no-change strategy, profit strategy, and pause or caution strategy.
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. Strategic management employs various techniques for evaluation and control. Elaborate on this statement by providing a detailed explanation of these techniques. 10
Ans 4.
Strategic management is not complete without evaluation and control. These processes ensure that strategies formulated and implemented are effectively achieving organizational objectives. Evaluation involves measuring performance and comparing it with set standards, while control ensures corrective actions are taken if deviations occur. Effective evaluation techniques help organizations identify weaknesses, improve performance, and maintain alignment between strategy and results. Strategic control also promotes accountability and continuous improvement across all managerial levels.
Techniques of Strategic Evaluation
Strategic
Q5. Explain the concept of business process automation and highlight the essential factors to consider when choosing appropriate automation software. 2+8
Ans 5.
Concept of Business Process Automation
Business Process Automation (BPA) refers to the use of technology to perform recurring business tasks or processes where manual effort can be replaced by digital systems. The goal is to improve efficiency, reduce human error, and enhance productivity. Automation involves integrating software, applications, and artificial intelligence to manage workflows such as data entry, payroll, marketing campaigns, and customer support. By automating routine activities, businesses can focus on strategic decision-making and innovation. BPA thus plays a crucial role in
Q6. Explain the characteristics of transactional and transformational leadership styles, including relevant examples to illustrate each approach. 5+5
Ans 6.
Transactional and Transformational Leadership Styles
Leadership style significantly influences organizational performance, employee motivation, and workplace culture. Two major leadership approaches—transactional and transformational—offer contrasting methods of guiding employees. Transactional leadership focuses on supervision, discipline, and reward-based performance, while transformational leadership inspires and motivates employees toward innovation and shared vision. Both play essential roles depending on organizational context, structure, and goals. Understanding their characteristics and applications helps managers adopt appropriate styles to maximize productivity and
| SESSION | JULY – AUGUST 2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | IV |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB2202 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. Explain how MIS controls the Information in an organization. 10
Ans 1.
A Management Information System (MIS) is an integrated framework that collects, processes, stores, and disseminates information to support decision-making, coordination, and control in an organization. It acts as the backbone of modern business management by ensuring that accurate, relevant, and timely information reaches the right people. MIS not only facilitates planning and operations but also ensures control over data flow and organizational processes.
Information Flow and Control Mechanism
The MIS controls
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Q2. Explain the steps in the decision-making process in detail 10
Ans 2.
Decision-making is one of the most critical managerial functions in any organization. It involves selecting the best possible course of action from available alternatives to achieve defined objectives. A systematic decision-making process ensures rationality, minimizes uncertainty, and improves organizational efficiency. MIS plays a vital role by providing accurate information and analytical tools that support each stage of decision-making.
Step 1: Identifying the Problem
The first step is recognizing
Q3. Explain what is meant by BPR. What is its significance? 10
Ans 3.
Business Process Reengineering (BPR) refers to the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in performance, such as cost reduction, quality enhancement, speed, and customer satisfaction. Introduced by Michael Hammer and James Champy in the 1990s, BPR challenges traditional ways of working and focuses on redesigning workflows to create maximum value for customers.
Concept of BPR
BPR emphasizes breaking away from outdated procedures and adopting innovative, technology-driven
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. Explain the applications and systems used in e-communication. 10
Ans 4.
Electronic communication (e-communication) refers to the exchange of information, ideas, and messages through digital and electronic means instead of traditional paper-based or face-to-face communication. It plays a vital role in modern organizations by facilitating instant connectivity, collaboration, and information sharing across geographical boundaries. The rapid growth of the internet, mobile technology, and digital communication platforms has transformed how businesses operate, communicate, and make decisions.
Applications of E-
Q5. Explain different types of Decision Support Systems. 10
Ans 5.
A Decision Support System (DSS) is an interactive, computer-based information system that supports managers in making effective and informed decisions. It combines data, analytical models, and user-friendly software to evaluate complex problems and identify alternative solutions. DSS is not intended to replace managerial judgment but to enhance it by providing analytical insights
Q6. Explain the various security hazards faced by an information system. 10
Ans 6.
Information systems are critical assets that store, process, and transmit valuable business data. However, with the increasing reliance on technology, organizations face numerous security threats that can compromise data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. These hazards may arise from internal errors, external cyberattacks, or natural disasters. Understanding and mitigating these risks is essential for ensuring business continuity and information reliability.
- Malware and Viruses
One of the most common security hazards is malware, which includes viruses, worms, ransomware,
| SESSION | JULY – AUGUST 2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | 4 |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB2203 MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. With the following data for 100 percent activity, prepare a budget at 80% capacity. Production at 100 percent activity is 1000 units.
Direct expenses: Rs. 10 per unit.
Material cost: Rs. 100 per unit.
Factory expenses: Rs. 40,000 (40 percent fixed)
Labour cost: Rs. 40 per unit.
Administrative expenses: Rs. 30,000 (60 percent fixed)
Ans 1.
Flexible Budget at 80% Capacity
Step 1 — Identify behaviour and split mixed costs (at 100% = 1,000 units)
Factory expenses (₹40,000; 40% fixed):
- Fixed portion = 40% × 40,000 = ₹16,000
- Variable portion (₹) = 60% × 40,000 = ₹24,000
- Variable rate per unit = 24,000 ÷ 1,000 = ₹24/unit
Administrative
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Q2. From the following data, calculate the materials yield variance. Standard mix
| Material A | Material B | Total |
| 400 units @ Rs. 12 = Rs. 4,800 | 200 units @ Rs. 10 = Rs. 2,000 | 600 units @ Rs. 10 = Rs. 6,800 of standard cost |
Standard loss allowed is 10 percent of output. Actual output is 550 units.
Ans 2.
Given data
| Particulars | Material A | Material B | Total |
| Standard quantity (units) | 400 | 200 | 600 |
| Standard rate (₹) | 12 | 10 | — |
| Standard cost (₹) | 4,800 | 2,000 | 6,800 |
| Standard loss | 10% of output | ||
| Actual output | 550 units |
Q3. A company budgets a production of 10,00,000 units at a variable cost of Rs. 20 each. Fixed costs are Rs. 40,00,000. The selling price is fixed to yield 25 percent profit on total cost. You are required to calculate the breakeven point (units).
Ans 3.
Calculation of Break-Even Point (Units)
Given:
- Budgeted production = 10,00,000 units
- Variable cost per unit = ₹20
Q4. The following is the balance sheet of ABC Company.
| Liabilities | Amount | Assests | Amount |
| Equity share of Rs.10 each | 5,00,000 | Fixed assets | 5,00,000 |
| Reserve fund | 50,000 | Stock | 2,00,000 |
| 7% debentures | 1,50,000 | Debtors | 1,50,000 |
| Overdraft | 1,50,000 | Cash | 1,00,000 |
| Creditors | 1,00,000 | ||
| Total | 9,50,000 | Total | 9,50,000 |
Calculate:
- Current ratio
- Liquid ratio
- Solvency ratio
- Debt-equity ratio
Ans 4.
Calculation of Financial Ratios
Balance
Q5. Discuss the format of the Cash Flow Statement, with the help of the activities listed. 10
Ans 5.
A Cash Flow Statement is a vital financial report that summarizes the inflow and outflow of cash and cash equivalents during a specific period. It helps stakeholders understand how a company generates and utilizes cash to finance operations, investments, and other business activities. Prepared according to Accounting Standard (AS) 3 (Revised) or IAS 7 under IFRS, this statement provides insights into a company’s liquidity, solvency, and overall financial health. It
Q6. Discuss the concept of transfer pricing, considering the example of a company that deals with the same concept. 10
Ans 6.
Introduction
Transfer Pricing refers to the pricing of goods, services, or intangible assets transferred between different divisions, subsidiaries, or related entities within the same organization. In multinational corporations (MNCs), it determines the value of internal transactions between the parent company and its foreign subsidiaries. Transfer pricing plays a crucial role in determining profitability, taxation, and performance evaluation across business units. Since these transactions occur within related entities, governments regulate them through arm’s length principle, ensuring that
| SESSION | JULY – AUGUST 2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | IV |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB2204 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. What is the concept of sustainability? Discuss various principles of sustainability and their application in development planning. 2+8
Ans 1.
Sustainability
The concept of sustainability refers to the ability to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It emphasizes the long-term maintenance of ecological balance, resource efficiency, and social equity. Sustainability integrates three fundamental dimensions—economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection—often referred to as the triple bottom line. The goal is to ensure that development processes respect environmental limits, promote economic stability, and enhance human welfare. Sustainable development, as defined by the Brundtland Commission (1987), has
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Q2. Describe the carbon cycle in detail. What are the differences between the biological and geological carbon cycles? Explain how human activities are affecting the carbon cycle. 10
Ans 2.
The carbon cycle is a biogeochemical process through which carbon is exchanged between the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. Carbon, an essential element for all life, circulates in various forms—carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and organic compounds. This natural cycle maintains the Earth’s temperature and supports life processes through photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition.
Detailed Description of
Q3. Discuss the various types of renewable energy sources. How can their use benefit the environment? 7+3
Ans 3.
Renewable energy refers to energy derived from natural processes that are continuously replenished, such as sunlight, wind, water, biomass, and geothermal heat. Unlike fossil fuels, renewable sources produce minimal pollution and are key to achieving sustainable development and combating climate change. The global shift towards renewable energy supports cleaner production, energy security, and environmental conservation.
Types of Renewable Energy
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. Compare and contrast in-situ and ex-situ conservation methods. Explain their advantages and limitations. 6+4
Ans 4.
Conservation of biodiversity is essential for maintaining ecological balance and ensuring the survival of species. Conservation refers to the protection, preservation, and sustainable management of natural resources such as plants, animals, and ecosystems. There are two main approaches to biodiversity conservation: in-situ (on-site) and ex-situ (off-site) conservation. Both
Q5. Describe the Air Quality Index (AQI) system in detail. How is it calculated and interpreted? 10
Ans 5.
The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a numerical system used to evaluate and report the cleanliness or pollution level of the air in a particular location. It converts complex air pollution data into a single value, color, or category that is easily understandable by the general public. The purpose of the AQI is to indicate the potential health effects associated with varying levels
Q6. What are the different sources of noise pollution? Briefly explain. Also, what are the effects of noise pollution on human health. 7+3
Ans 6.
Noise pollution refers to the excessive or unpleasant sound that disrupts the normal acoustic balance of the environment and causes discomfort or harm to humans and other living beings. Sound becomes noise when it exceeds acceptable limits or occurs at inappropriate times and places. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), prolonged exposure to noise above 85 decibels (dB) can have adverse physical and psychological effects. Noise pollution has become one of the most
| SESSION | JULY – AUGUST 2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | IV |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB2205 INTERNATIONAL MARKETING |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. Define International Marketing. Discuss its various features in detail. 4+6
Ans 1.
International Marketing
International marketing refers to the process of planning, promoting, pricing, and distributing goods and services across national boundaries to meet the needs and preferences of customers in different countries. It involves adapting marketing strategies to suit cultural, economic, political, and legal differences that exist between nations. According to the American Marketing Association (AMA), international marketing is the multinational process of identifying, anticipating
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Q2. Write a detailed note on Economic Environment to International Marketing. Which are major parameters to evaluate Economic Environment. 5+5
Ans 2.
The economic environment plays a crucial role in shaping international marketing strategies. It refers to the economic conditions, structures, and policies that influence business operations and consumer behavior in different countries. A sound understanding of a country’s economic environment helps firms assess market potential, pricing policies, demand patterns, and profitability before entering a foreign market. It includes factors such as national income, inflation,
Q3. Discuss Theory of “Absolute Advantage” with suitable example. 5+5
Ans 3.
The Theory of Absolute Advantage was proposed by the Scottish economist Adam Smith in his seminal work “The Wealth of Nations” in 1776. This theory explains the basis of international trade by stating that countries should specialize in producing goods where they have an absolute advantage—that is, where they can produce goods more efficiently than other nations. The concept promotes free trade and mutual benefit through specialization and exchange between nati
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. What is Global product Planning? Discuss the process of Global Product Planning. 4+6
Ans 4.
Global Product Planning and Its Process
Global Product Planning refers to the systematic process of designing, developing, positioning, and managing a company’s product offerings for international markets. It involves adapting products to suit the diverse preferences, cultural expectations, and regulatory requirements of different countries while maintaining global brand identity and economies of scale. Global product planning ensures that a product’s design, features, packaging, and marketing strategies are aligned with the needs of customers across multiple markets. It plays a vital
Q5. What is Packaging? What importance it enjoys in International Marketing? 4+6
Ans 5.
Packaging
Packaging refers to the process of designing and producing containers, wrappers, or coverings that protect a product, facilitate handling, and convey essential information to consumers. In international marketing, packaging performs both functional and promotional roles. It safeguards products during transportation, storage, and distribution across long distances while also acting as a silent salesman that attracts customers and communicates brand identity
Q6. As International Firm, how you will set prices of your Products? Explain with the help of suitable example. 10
Ans 6.
Price determination in international marketing is one of the most critical and complex decisions faced by multinational companies. It involves setting a price that balances profitability, competitiveness, and customer satisfaction across multiple markets. Unlike domestic pricing, international pricing is influenced by additional factors such as exchange rates, tariffs, shipping costs, taxes, inflation, and purchasing power in different countries. A well-structured international pricing strategy ensures the firm’s success by aligning with market conditions and
| SESSION | JULY – AUGUST 2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | 4 |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB2206 RURAL MARKETING |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. Discuss some of the reforms undertaken by the Indian government in the rural areas. 10
Ans 1.
Rural development has always been a priority for the Indian government since a majority of the population lives in villages and depends on agriculture for livelihood. Over the years, several reforms and initiatives have been undertaken to improve the economic, social, and infrastructural conditions of rural India. These reforms aim to promote inclusive growth, generate employment, reduce poverty, and enhance access to essential services such as healthcare, education, and sanitation.
Agricultural and Economic Reforms
Agriculture is the backbone of
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Q2. Explain any five factors that contribute towards growth of the rural markets. 10
Ans 2.
Introduction
The rural market in India represents a vast and rapidly growing segment that offers tremendous opportunities for marketers and policymakers. With nearly 65% of India’s population residing in rural areas, the demand for consumer goods, financial services, and digital products has increased significantly. Several economic, social, and infrastructural factors have contributed to the expansion of rural markets and their integration into the national economy.
- Rising Income and Employment
Q3. Describe the classification of rural markets. 10
Ans 3.
Classification of Rural Markets
Rural markets in India are diverse, dynamic, and ever-evolving due to variations in geography, income levels, agricultural productivity, and consumer behavior. With nearly two-thirds of the Indian population residing in rural areas, these markets form the backbone of the national economy. The classification of rural markets can be done on multiple bases, including location, periodicity, product type, and functional nature.
Classification Based on Location
The most common way to
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. Explain the role of NABARD in contract farming? 10
Ans 4.
Contract farming refers to a system of agricultural production in which farmers enter into agreements with companies, processors, or exporters for the supply of agricultural products under pre-agreed terms regarding quantity, quality, price, and delivery schedule. This system benefits both producers and buyers by reducing market uncertainty, ensuring fair pricing, and providing technical and financial support to farmers. In India, the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) plays a crucial role in promoting and facilitating contract farming
Q5. Illustrate contextual message in advertising. Explain is communication process in rural marketing 5+5
Ans 5.
Contextual Message in Advertising
A contextual message in advertising refers to a communication strategy where the message is designed according to the social, cultural, and environmental context of the target audience. In rural marketing, contextual messaging plays a crucial role because rural consumers have unique lifestyles, languages, and value systems that differ significantly from urban populations. Effective rural advertising must therefore connect emotionally with rural audiences by using local idioms,
Q6. Explain the mechanism of rural marketing. 10
Ans 6.
The mechanism of rural marketing refers to the structure, processes, and systems through which goods and services move between producers and rural consumers. It includes a combination of institutions, intermediaries, and communication channels that facilitate exchange in rural areas. Understanding this mechanism is vital because rural markets are vast, geographically scattered, and characterized by low income levels and infrastructural challenges.
Components of