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SESSION |
JAN – FEB 2026 |
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PROGRAM |
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
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SEMESTER |
II |
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COURSE CODE & NAME |
DBB1214 MACROECONOMICS |
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Assignment Set – 1
Q.1. Examine the role of foreign trade and foreign remittances in the circular flow of income. Discuss with reference to the four-sector model. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
The circular flow of income describes how money moves continuously between households, firms, government, and the external sector in an economy. The four-sector model extends the basic model by incorporating foreign trade and remittances, adding an international dimension that significantly influences national income, aggregate demand, and overall economic stability.
The Four-Sector Model
The four-sector model
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Q.2. Explain the classical aggregate production function and its assumptions. Outline the difference between autonomous investment and induced investment with examples. (6+4 = 10 Marks)
Ans 2.
The classical aggregate production function and the distinction between types of investment are foundational concepts in macroeconomics. Together they explain how an economy generates output and how investment decisions differ based on their motivation. Understanding these concepts helps analyze economic growth, employment, and capital formation in both short
Q.3. Analyze the effects of inflation on economic growth of India, highlighting both positive and negative impacts. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 3.
Inflation refers to the sustained increase in the general price level over time. While extreme inflation is universally harmful, moderate levels can have complex and sometimes positive effects on economic growth. In the Indian context, understanding both dimensions of inflation helps
Assignment Set – 2
Q.4. Critically examine the measures a government can take to reduce fiscal deficits. What are the advantages and disadvantages of these measures? (10 Marks)
Ans 4.
A fiscal deficit occurs when government expenditure exceeds its revenue in a given year. While some level of deficit is acceptable and even growth-promoting, persistent and large fiscal deficits threaten macroeconomic stability by raising debt levels and crowding out private investment. Governments use several measures to reduce fiscal deficits, each with distinct trade-offs.
Q.5. Evaluate the effectiveness of government expenditure as a tool for increasing national income in a highly open economy and discuss its impact on the trade balance. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 5.
Government expenditure is a key component of aggregate demand and a primary fiscal policy instrument for managing national income. However, its effectiveness varies significantly depending on how open an economy is to international trade. In highly open economies, the standard Keynesian multiplier is substantially reduced by leakages into imports, complicating the relationship between fiscal spending and national income growth.
Effectiveness of Government
Q.6. Discuss the different types of rent in economics and explain how rent is determined under extensive and intensive cultivation in Ricardo’s theory. (4+6 = 10 Marks)
Ans 6.
Rent in classical economics refers to the payment made for the use of land and other natural resources. David Ricardo developed the most influential theory of rent, explaining how the surplus accruing to landowners arises from differences in land productivity. Understanding rent theory is essential for analyzing income distribution, agricultural pricing, and land reform policies in agrarian
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SESSION |
JAN – FEB 2026 |
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PROGRAM |
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
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SEMESTER |
II |
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COURSE CODE & NAME |
DBB1215 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT |
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Assignment Set – 1
Q.1. Calculate the cost of equity for Triveni Ltd., which has issued equity shares with a face value of ₹1000 at an 8% premium. The expected dividend at the end of the year is 10%, and the annual dividend growth rate is 6%. Also determine the cost of equity assuming zero dividend growth. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 1.
The cost of equity is the minimum rate of return that equity shareholders expect on their investment. It is a critical input in capital budgeting, portfolio valuation, and the computation of the weighted average cost of capital. The Dividend Growth Model, also called Gordon’s Model, is commonly used to estimate the cost of equity when dividends grow at a constant rate over time.
Given Data
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Q.2. (a) Compute the future value of ₹10,000 invested for 5 years at 12% p.a. (b) Compute the present value of ₹10,000 expected after 5 years at the same discount rate. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Time value of money is a cornerstone of financial management, reflecting the principle that money available today is worth more than the same amount in the future due to its potential earning capacity. Future value and present value calculations are essential tools for investment appraisal, capital budgeting, and financial planning decisions in all business
Q.3. (a) What is leverage and how does it contribute to maximizing shareholders’ wealth? (b) Define wealth maximization and contrast it with profit maximization. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 3.
Leverage and wealth maximization are central concepts in financial management. They guide how managers deploy debt capital, manage risk, and make decisions that enhance long-term shareholder value. Understanding the distinction between wealth and profit maximization is particularly important for setting the correct financial objective for any business organization.
Concept
Assignment Set – 2
Q.4. Differentiate between: (a) Gross Working Capital and Net Working Capital, and (b) Permanent Working Capital and Temporary Working Capital. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 4.
Working capital management is a critical aspect of financial management that ensures a firm maintains sufficient liquidity to meet its short-term obligations while efficiently using its current assets. Understanding the distinctions between gross and net working capital, as well as permanent and temporary working capital, helps managers plan financing strategies and maintain operational
Q.5. Critically analyze the major theories of capital structure, highlighting their key assumptions, implications, and relevance with appropriate examples. (10 Marks)
Ans 5.
Capital structure refers to the mix of debt and equity used by a firm to finance its assets. The choice of capital structure affects the cost of capital, firm value, and financial risk. Several theories have been proposed to explain the optimal capital structure, each with distinct assumptions, implications, and real-world relevance for corporate financial management.
Modigliani-
Q.6. Given EPS = ₹10, capitalization rate = 10%, ROI = 15%: (a) Compute market price using Walter’s Model at 50% payout ratio. (b) Assess whether this payout ratio is optimal per Walter’s theory. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 6.
Walter’s Model, developed by James E. Walter, establishes a relationship between dividend policy and the market price of shares. It argues that the dividend decision matters significantly when the firm’s return on investment differs from its cost of equity. This model provides a direct
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SESSION |
JAN – FEB 2026 |
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PROGRAM |
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
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SEMESTER |
II |
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COURSE CODE & NAME |
DBB1216 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR |
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Assignment Set – 1
Q.1. Discuss the major approaches to Organizational Behaviour and analyse how organizational structure affects the success of project management. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Organizational Behaviour is the study of individual, group, and structural factors that influence behaviour within organizations. Understanding its major theoretical approaches and the relationship between organizational structure and project outcomes enables managers to build more effective, adaptive, and high-performing teams and organizations across diverse industry contexts.
Major Approaches
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Q.2. Explain the role of Transactional Analysis in improving communication and teamwork. How do learning and motivation theories influence employee productivity? (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Transactional Analysis and motivation theories are foundational tools in organizational behaviour that help managers understand interpersonal dynamics and productivity drivers. By applying these frameworks, organizations can improve communication quality, reduce workplace conflict, build collaborative teams, and create environments where employees consistently perform at their best
Q.3. Describe the concept of personality in Organizational Behaviour. Analyse the interrelationship between personality and emotions in predicting employee behaviour at work. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 3.
Personality and emotions are two of the most important individual-level variables in Organizational Behaviour. Together they shape how employees perceive, respond, and interact in the workplace. Understanding their interrelationship helps managers predict employee behaviour, design roles that leverage individual strengths, and create emotionally supportive
Assignment Set – 2
Q.4. Compare traditional leadership theories with contemporary leadership theories in terms of leadership style and effectiveness. (10 Marks)
Ans 4.
Leadership theory has evolved significantly from early trait-based approaches to sophisticated contemporary models that emphasize vision, transformation, and follower development. Understanding the differences between traditional and contemporary theories helps organizations select and develop leaders appropriate to their strategic context, culture, and competitive
Q.5. Discuss the sources of power in organizations. How do groups differ from teams in terms of structure and performance outcomes? (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 5.
Power and group dynamics are fundamental dimensions of organizational behaviour that influence how decisions are made, how influence flows through hierarchies, and how collective work is organized. Understanding the sources of power and the structural differences between groups and teams helps managers leverage organizational dynamics more effectively for improved performance outcomes.
Sources of Power in
Q.6. Explain how human process interventions and techno-structural interventions contribute to organizational improvement. (10 Marks)
Ans 6.
Organizational Development is a planned, systematic effort to improve an organization’s effectiveness and health through the application of behavioural science knowledge. Two major categories of OD interventions are human process interventions and techno-structural interventions. Together they address both the people and structural dimensions of organizational performance, enabling comprehensive and lasting improvement.
Human Process Interventions
Human process
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SESSION |
JAN – FEB 2026 |
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PROGRAM |
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
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SEMESTER |
II |
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COURSE CODE & NAME |
DBB1217 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT |
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Assignment Set – 1
Q.1. How can responsible data use and technology (like digital tools) help in solving real community problems? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Technology and responsible data use have become transformative forces in addressing persistent community problems. From health access to water management, digital tools enable communities to identify problems with precision, allocate resources more fairly, and measure outcomes more accurately. When deployed ethically and inclusively, technology amplifies the impact of community development efforts across diverse socioeconomic contexts.
Responsible Data Use in
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Q.2. Highlight the significance of collaboration in community development and describe the joint role of government and NGOs. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Community development requires coordinated effort from multiple stakeholders because no single organization has the resources, legitimacy, and local reach needed to address complex social challenges alone. Collaboration between government institutions and non-governmental organizations represents one of the most impactful partnerships in development practice, combining public authority and
Q.3. Describe how theory, policy, and practice are connected in community development, using examples. (10 Marks)
Ans 3.
Community development operates at the intersection of theory, policy, and practice. Theory provides the conceptual framework for understanding social change. Policy translates theory into institutional frameworks and resource commitments. Practice is where these meet reality in specific
Assignment Set – 2
Q.4. Discuss the role of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in promoting financial inclusion and women’s empowerment in India with an example. (10 Marks)
Ans 4.
Self-Help Groups have emerged as one of India’s most successful community development innovations, creating pathways to financial inclusion and women’s empowerment at scale. By organizing women into small, cohesive savings and credit groups, SHGs bridge the gap between the formal financial system and millions of marginalized rural women who were previously excluded from banking services and economic participation.
SHGs and Financial Inclusion
Self-Help Groups typically consist of 10 to 20 women from similar economic backgrounds who pool
Q.5. Imagine a rural community in India adopting digital tools for development. Explain how different components of ICT are used in this process with examples. (10 Marks)
Ans 5.
Information and Communication Technology has become an indispensable enabler of rural development in India, bridging geographic distance, information gaps, and service access barriers that have historically marginalized rural communities. When designed with community needs at the center, ICT components including mobile phones, internet connectivity,
Q.6. Describe how COVID-19 in India highlighted the link between crisis management and community development, focusing on communication and trust among people. (10 Marks)
Ans 6.
The COVID-19 pandemic was the most severe public health and socioeconomic crisis India faced in decades, exposing both the vulnerabilities and the resilience of communities across the country. The pandemic dramatically illustrated how effective crisis management depends on pre-existing community development infrastructure, trust networks, and communication systems that are built
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SESSION |
JAN – FEB 2026 |
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PROGRAM |
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
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SEMESTER |
II |
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COURSE CODE & NAME |
DBB1218 INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON |
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Assignment Set – 1
Q.1. Discuss the key features of Python that make it one of the most popular programming languages today. Provide examples wherever applicable. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Python is a high-level, interpreted, general-purpose programming language that has become the most widely used language in the world for data science, artificial intelligence, web development, and automation. Its combination of simplicity, versatility, and a vast ecosystem of libraries makes it the language of choice for both beginners and experienced professional programmers globally.
Simple and Readable
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Q.2. Describe the use of the input() function in Python with an example. Define an identifier and mention the rules for naming identifiers in Python. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
The input function and identifier naming rules are among the most basic yet important concepts in Python programming. The input function enables interactive programs by accepting user data at runtime. Identifiers are the names assigned to variables, functions, classes, and modules in Python code, and following correct naming rules is essential for writing error-free, readable, and maintainable programs.
The input() Function in
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Q.3. Explain the difference between break, continue, and pass statements in Python with examples. (10 Marks)
Ans 3.
Python provides three special control flow statements: break, continue, and pass, which modify the normal sequential execution of loops and code blocks. Understanding the precise function and correct usage of each statement is fundamental to writing efficient loop logic, handling edge cases cleanly, and building programs that behave predictably across all input conditions.
Assignment Set – 2
Q.4. Differentiate between a Python module and a package. What are the different ways to import a module in Python? Provide examples. (10 Marks)
Ans 4.
Python’s modular design through modules and packages is one of its most powerful organizational features, enabling code reuse, maintainability, and scalability across large software projects. Understanding the distinction between modules and packages and mastering import techniques are fundamental skills for any Python programmer working on real-world applications.
Python Module versus Package
A module in Python is a single file containing Python code, including functions, classes, and variables, that can be imported
Q.5. Explain tuples in Python and how they differ from lists in terms of mutability and performance. Also discuss the key characteristics of sets in Python. (10 Marks)
Ans 5.
Python provides multiple built-in data structures for organizing collections of data. Tuples, lists, and sets are three of the most commonly used structures, each with distinct characteristics regarding mutability, ordering, performance, and appropriate use cases. Understanding their differences enables programmers to select the most appropriate structure for each specific programming requirement.
Tuples in Python
A tuple is an ordered,
Q.6. Discuss the purpose of the try block in Python. Why is the finally block important in a Python program? (10 Marks)
Ans 6.
Exception handling is one of the most important aspects of writing robust, reliable Python programs. The try-except-finally structure provides a systematic mechanism for anticipating, catching, and managing runtime errors without crashing the program. Understanding the specific roles of the try and finally blocks is essential for building production-quality applications that handle errors gracefully and maintain resource integrity.
Purpose of the try Block
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SESSION |
JAN – FEB 2026 |
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PROGRAM |
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
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SEMESTER |
II |
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COURSE CODE & NAME |
DBB1220 BUSINESS COMMUNICATION |
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Assignment Set – 1
Q.1. Case: A project manager sends an email to his team explaining new deadlines. Some employees misunderstand the message and complete the task incorrectly. Based on the case, explain the concept and process of communication. Discuss the Shannon and Weaver Model and how different types, channels, and levels of communication influence message clarity. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 1.
The case illustrates how even well-intentioned communication can fail when the process is incomplete, the channel is poorly chosen, or feedback mechanisms are absent. Understanding the communication process and applying established models like Shannon and Weaver helps managers design more effective organizational communication systems that reduce misinterpretation
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Q.2. Case: A multinational team faces communication barriers due to cultural differences and gender bias, leading to reduced productivity. Identify the major barriers and suggest methods to overcome them. Explain how cross-cultural communication and gender sensitivity influence effective organizational communication. (4+6 = 10 Marks)
Ans 2.
The case highlights how diverse teams, despite their creative potential, can underperform when cultural and gender barriers are not addressed proactively. Identifying specific communication barriers and implementing structured strategies to overcome them is essential for multinational organizations seeking to leverage the full value of their workforce diversity for organizational performance.
Major Communication
Q.3. Case: During an important meeting, a team leader’s presentation is disrupted by frequent interruptions and poor listening. Analyze the case and explain listening and speaking skills in workplace communication. Discuss types of listening, public speaking skills, presentation techniques, and effective meeting management. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 3.
The case illustrates how even a well-prepared presentation can fail when listening norms and meeting management practices are inadequate. Listening and speaking are two inseparable dimensions of effective workplace communication. Organizations that invest in developing both skills, alongside structured meeting management practices, produce more productive, aligned, and professionally collaborative teams.
Importance of Listening Skills
Assignment Set – 2
Q.4. Case: A junior employee prepares a business report with copied content and grammatical errors. Using the case, explain reading and writing skills in professional communication. Discuss skimming, scanning, précis writing, summarizing, paraphrasing, and subject-verb agreement. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 4.
The case reveals fundamental gaps in reading comprehension, original writing ability, and grammatical accuracy that undermine professional credibility. Reading and writing are inseparable competencies in professional communication. Strong reading skills enable efficient information extraction and comprehension, while strong writing skills enable accurate, original, and grammatically correct communication of those insights to professional audience
Q.5. Case: A graduate fails in job applications due to a poor resume, generic cover letter, and weak interview and group discussion performance. Evaluate and discuss the role of resumes, cover letters, job interviews, and group discussions in employment communication. (4+6 = 10 Marks)
Ans 5.
Employment communication encompasses all the written and oral channels through which candidates present themselves to prospective employers. The case illustrates how weak performance across multiple employment communication channels, from resume to group discussion, creates a compounded disadvantage that prevents qualified candidates from securing suitable positions despite possessing the underlying skills and knowledge employers se
Q.6. Case: A company faces negative publicity on social media after a customer complaint goes viral. Analyze the case and explain crisis communication and negotiation in organizations. Discuss digital communication, netiquette, and cyber ethics in managing such situations. (3+7 = 10 Marks)
Ans 6.
The viral social media complaint represents a modern organizational crisis that requires both immediate response and long-term reputational management. Effective crisis communication, combined with ethical digital behaviour and professional netiquette, can transform a damaging public situation into an opportunity to demonstrate organizational values, accountability, and