| SESSION | JAN – FEB 2026 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | I |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DMBA113 ENTREPRENEURIAL PRACTICE |
Assignment Set – 1
Q.1. Case: Rohit, an engineering graduate, wants to start a sustainable packaging business. He struggles to think beyond technical aspects and finds it difficult to take calculated risks due to corporate job experience. Analyse the case and explain the entrepreneurial mindset and characteristics of entrepreneurs. Compare entrepreneurial and managerial decision-making and suggest how Rohit can develop an entrepreneurial approach. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Rohit’s case highlights a common challenge among technically skilled professionals transitioning to entrepreneurship. His engineering background provides problem-solving ability, but his corporate conditioning limits creative risk-taking. Developing an entrepreneurial mindset requires deliberately shifting perspective from process-following to opportunity-creation
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Q.2. Case: A startup identifies an opportunity in organic food delivery but faces high competition and uncertain demand. The founders are unsure about how to enter the market and reduce risks. Based on the case, discuss the process of identifying and exploiting new entry opportunities. Explain entrepreneurial strategies and risk reduction techniques suitable for the startup. (5+3+2 = 10 Marks)
Ans 2.
The organic food delivery startup faces classic early-stage entrepreneurial challenges of opportunity validation and competitive entry. Successfully navigating these requires a structured approach to opportunity identification, deliberate strategic positioning, and effective risk reduction techniques before committing significant financial resources to full-scale operations.
Process of Identifying and Exploiting New Entry Opportunities
Opportunity
Q.3. Case: A group of students wants to launch an online platform for eco-friendly products but lacks clarity on how to generate innovative ideas and convert them into a viable product. Evaluate the case and explain the role of creativity and innovation in entrepreneurship. Discuss sources of ideas, opportunity recognition, and product development process, including the role of e-commerce. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 3.
The student group’s eco-friendly platform idea demonstrates entrepreneurial intent but lacks the structured process to convert inspiration into a viable business. Creativity and innovation, when channeled through systematic idea generation and product development, can transform this early-stage concept into a commercially successful and sustainable online enterprise.
Role of Creativity and Innovation in Entrepreneurship
Creativity is the ability to generate new and original ideas, while innovation is the process of converting those ideas into
Assignment Set – 2
Q.4. Case: An Indian entrepreneur plans to expand a successful handicraft business into international markets but faces lack of market information, cultural differences, and regulatory barriers. Analyse the case and discuss how entrepreneurs identify and evaluate domestic and international opportunities. Explain market selection, information sources, and barriers in international entrepreneurship. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 4.
Expanding a handicraft business internationally offers significant revenue potential but requires overcoming information asymmetry, cultural gaps, and regulatory complexity. This case illustrates how Indian entrepreneurs must approach global markets systematically, combining structured opportunity analysis with cultural intelligence and regulatory preparedness to succeed internationally.
Identifying and Evaluating Domestic and International Opportunities
Opportunity identification begins with a thorough analysis of existing domestic success factors. Understanding
Q.5. Case: A startup develops a unique mobile app but fails to protect its idea legally. The founders also struggle to create a business plan and financial projections to attract investors. Based on the case, explain the importance of intellectual property protection and legal considerations. Discuss the role of a business plan, marketing plan, and financial planning in venture creation. (2+2+3+3 = 10 Marks)
Ans 5.
The mobile app startup’s failure to legally protect its innovation while struggling with investor-ready planning illustrates two critical gaps in early-stage venture management. Intellectual property protection secures competitive advantage, while a comprehensive business plan with sound financial projections builds the credibility needed to attract external funding and growth capital.
Importance of Intellectual Property Protection
Intellectual property protection
Q.6. Case: A growing startup requires additional funding to expand operations. The founders are considering venture capital but are concerned about ownership dilution. They also need to plan long-term growth and possible exit strategies. Evaluate the case and discuss sources of capital and financing options. Explain growth strategies, succession planning, and exit strategies for entrepreneurial ventures. (5+2+1+2 = 10 Marks)
Ans 6.
The startup’s funding dilemma reflects a common entrepreneurial challenge of balancing growth capital needs against ownership retention concerns. Evaluating diverse financing options
| SESSION | JAN – FEB 2026 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | I |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DMBA114 BUSINESS COMMUNICATION (WAC) |
Assignment Set – 1
Q.1. Define communication and explain its process with a diagram. Identify and explain any two barriers to communication with examples. (6+4 = 10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Communication is the systematic process of exchanging information, ideas, emotions, and messages between a sender and receiver through a carefully chosen medium. It forms the essential backbone of all organizational functioning and human cooperation in both formal and informal settings. Understanding the communication process in detail and accurately recognizing its most common barriers helps individuals and managers at all levels improve message clarity, substantially reduce costly misunderstandings, and consistently build stronger and more productive professional relationships over extended periods of time.
The Communication Process
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Q.2. Explain different types of communication (formal & informal) with examples. Discuss the classification of non-verbal communication. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Communication in organizational settings takes multiple forms depending on its purpose, structure, and channel. Understanding formal and informal communication helps organizations manage information flow efficiently and strategically. Non-verbal communication further enriches meaning beyond spoken or written words, playing a crucial role in how messages are received in both professional and interpersonal contexts.
Formal Communication
Formal communication follows officially established organizational channels and hierarchical structures. It is documented, structured, and carries organizational authority. Downward communication flows from
Q.3. Explain the general principles of effective writing. Also describe the key principles of business writing with suitable examples. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 3.
Effective writing is one of the most powerful professional skills, enabling clear communication of ideas, decisions, and information. In organizational contexts, writing is the primary tool for conveying proposals, instructions, and correspondence. Understanding both general writing principles and specific business writing principles enables professionals to communicate with greater precision, persuasion, and credibility in all professional interactions.
General Principles of
Assignment Set – 2
Q.4. Differentiate between memo, circular, and notice. Write a formal business email for a meeting invitation. (6+4 = 10 Marks)
Ans 4.
Memo, circular, and notice are three distinct forms of official written communication used within and by organizations. Each serves a different purpose and targets a different audience. Understanding their specific differences helps professionals select the appropriate format, ensuring messages are delivered
Q.5. Discuss the advantages and types of oral communication. Explain email etiquette and key considerations while writing for digital platforms. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 5.
Oral communication is the spoken exchange of information, ideas, and emotions between individuals or groups. It is the most natural and immediate form of human interaction and the dominant mode of workplace communication. Understanding its advantages, diverse types, and digital writing etiquette helps professionals communicate effectively in both traditional and modern digital working
Q.6. Explain the types and format of business reports. Outline the steps involved in report preparation. (6+4 = 10 Marks)
Ans 6.
Business reports are structured formal documents that present analyzed information to support organizational decision-making, track performance, and recommend actions. They are indispensable management tools across all industries and organizational levels. Understanding report types, proper formats, and systematic preparation steps equips professionals to produce credible, well-organized, and impactful reports for diverse stakeholde
| SESSION | JAN – FEB 2026 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | I |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DMBA115 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS |
Assignment Set – 1
Q.1. Discuss the law of demand and its underlying assumptions. Examine the determinants of price elasticity of demand and analyze how elasticity varies across different goods. How can firms use elasticity concepts for effective pricing decisions in competitive markets? (3+3+4 = 10 Marks)
The law of demand states that when price of a good rises, its quantity demanded falls, other factors remaining constant. This inverse relationship is fundamental in economics. Understanding demand elasticity and its determinants further helps firms design effective pricing strategies in competitive markets for revenue maximization.
Law of Demand and Its Assumptions
The law of demand establishes a negative relationship between price and quantity demanded. It operates under key
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Q.2. Explain the law of supply and its exceptions. Analyze how shifts in supply and demand jointly determine market equilibrium. Using diagrams, discuss the impact of simultaneous changes in demand and supply on equilibrium price and quantity. (3+3+4 = 10 Marks)
Ans 2.
The law of supply states that producers supply more quantity at higher prices and less at lower prices, other factors constant. Combined with demand movements, supply shifts determine market equilibrium. Simultaneous changes in both forces shape the final price and quantity outcomes observed in real markets globally.
Law of Supply and Its Exceptions
The law of supply describes a direct relationship between price and quantity supplied. Higher prices make production more profitable, motivating increased output. This holds under ceteris paribus conditions including
Q.3. Examine the production function in the short run and long run, highlighting the law of variable proportions and returns to scale. Critically analyze the cost-output relationship and explain how cost curves are derived and interrelated. (6+4 = 10 Marks)
Ans 3.
The production function defines the technical relationship between inputs and outputs in any production process. Understanding short-run and long-run production behavior along with cost-output relationships helps managers optimize resource allocation and make informed decisions about scale, efficiency, and cost management across industries.
Short-Run
Assignment Set – 2
Q.4. Compare and critically analyze price-output determination under perfect competition and monopoly. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 4.
Perfect competition and monopoly represent two extreme ends of market structures with fundamentally different price-output outcomes. Comparing them helps economists and policymakers evaluate market efficiency, consumer welfare, and competitive dynamics that shape industry behavior in both developed and developing economies.
Price-Output Determination Under Perfect Competition
Perfect competition involves numerous buyers and sellers, homogeneous products, free entry and exit, and
Q.5. Critically evaluate the role of monetary policy and fiscal policy in achieving economic stability. Discuss the instruments used in each policy and analyze their effectiveness in real-world scenarios. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 5.
Monetary and fiscal policies are the two primary instruments used to achieve economic stability. Both aim to control inflation, reduce unemployment, and sustain growth, but operate through different channels and face distinct limitations in real-world economic environments across developed and developing nations.
Role and Instrum
Q.6. Explain the causes and types of inflation and deflation. Analyze the Phillips Curve and its relevance in modern economies. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 6.
Inflation and deflation are opposing macroeconomic phenomena that profoundly affect purchasing power, investment decisions, and economic growth. The Phillips Curve provides an important analytical framework linking inflation with unemployment, helping policymakers understand critical trade-offs involved in managing modern macroeconomic environments effective
| SESSION | JAN – FEB 2026 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | I |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DMBA116 FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING |
Assignment Set – 1
Q.1. Define Accounting. Explain its objectives, scope, advantages, limitations, and basic terminologies. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Accounting is the systematic process of recording, classifying, summarizing, and communicating financial transactions of a business to facilitate informed decision-making. It serves as the language of business, providing structured financial information to owners, investors, creditors, and government authorities for planning and control purposes.
Definition and Objectives of Accounting
Accounting is defined as the art of recording, classifying, summarizing financial transactions, and interpreting results. Its
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Q.2. Explain various Accounting Concepts and Conventions with examples. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Accounting concepts and conventions are the foundational principles and guidelines that govern how financial transactions are recorded and reported. They ensure consistency, comparability, and reliability of financial information across different organizations and accounting periods, forming the bedrock of standardized financial reporting globally.
Key Accounting Concepts
The Entity Concept states that a business is a separate legal entity from its owner. A sole proprietor’s personal expenses must not be recorded in business books. The Going Concern Concept assumes that a business will continue to operate indefinitely. Assets are therefore valued at cost rather than liquidation valu
Q.3. What are Accounting Policies and Accounting Standards? Explain GAAP, IFRS, and changes in accounting policies. (10 Marks)
Ans 3.
Accounting policies are the specific principles and methods chosen by an organization to prepare and present its financial statements. Accounting standards are authoritative guidelines issued by regulatory bodies that ensure uniformity and comparability in financial reporting across organizations, industries, and countries globally.
Accounting Policies
Accounting policies are specific choices made by management from available accounting methods to record transactions and present financial statements. Examples include choosing the straight-line or written-
Assignment Set – 2
Q.4. Explain Double Entry System, Rules of Debit and Credit, and Journal Entries including adjustments. (10 Marks)
Ans 4.
The double entry system is the foundation of modern accounting, requiring every financial transaction to be recorded with equal debits and credits. This system ensures mathematical accuracy, prevents fraud, and provides a complete picture of a business’s financial activities through comprehensive and systematic bookkeeping records.
Double Entry System
The double entry system, developed by Luca Pacioli in 1494, records every transaction in at least two accounts
Q.5. Explain Secondary Books, Ledger Posting, Trial Balance, and Error Rectification. (10 Marks)
Ans 5.
Secondary books, also called books of secondary entry, are specialized journals that systematically classify transactions before they reach the ledger. Combined with ledger posting and trial balance preparation, these tools form a structured accounting cycle that ensures accuracy and
Q.6. Explain Final Accounts, Depreciation Methods, Window Dressing, and Non-Financial Reporting. (10 Marks)
Ans 6.
Final accounts are the culmination of the accounting process, presenting a complete picture of a business’s financial performance and position. Depreciation, window dressing, and non-financial reporting are closely related aspects that influence how accurately and transparently these financial statements represent the true state of any organization.
Final Accounts
Final accounts comprise the Trading Account, Profit and Loss Account, and Balance Sheet. The Trading Account shows gross profit or loss by comparing net sales revenue with cost of goods sold. The
| SESSION | JAN – FEB 2026 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | I |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DMBA117 DATA VISUALIZATION |
Assignment Set – 1
Q.1. Explain the importance of data visualization in modern data-driven decision-making. Discuss how effective visualizations help organisations identify patterns, trends, and insights from large datasets. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Data visualization is the graphical representation of data and information using visual elements to make complex datasets understandable and actionable. In today’s data-driven business environment, organizations generate enormous data volumes daily. Effective visualization transforms this raw data into accessible insights that support faster, more accurate, and more confident decision-making at every organizational level.
Importance of Data Visualization
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Q.2. Describe the Excel workspace and its key components such as ribbon, toolbars, worksheets, and data types. Explain how these components assist users in managing and preparing data for visualization. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Microsoft Excel is the world’s most widely used data management and visualization tool in professional settings. Its structured workspace provides a comprehensive suite of components for organizing, analyzing, and presenting data systematically. Understanding these components thoroughly is essential for preparing clean, accurate, and well-structured data that forms the reliable
Q.3. Compare bar charts, line charts, and pie charts in Excel. Explain the situations in which each chart type is most appropriate for representing data. (10 Marks)
Ans 3.
Bar charts, line charts, and pie charts are the three most commonly used chart types in Microsoft Excel for presenting data visually. Each is designed for a specific type of data relationship and analytical purpose. Selecting the right chart type for each situation is fundamental to communicating data insights clearly and preventing misleading interpretations that
Assignment Set – 2
Q.4. Explain the role of PivotTables in summarising large datasets in Excel. Discuss how PivotTables and filters help users perform quick and interactive data analysis. (10 Marks)
Ans 4.
PivotTables are one of the most powerful and versatile features in Microsoft Excel for summarizing, analyzing, and exploring large datasets interactively. They allow users to reorganize thousands of rows of raw transactional data into compact, meaningful summaries without writing complex formulas or using programming code. Combined with filters and slicers, PivotTables enable fast, flexible, and highly insightful data analysis for business professionals at all leve
Q.5. Describe the key features of Tableau and explain how Tableau enables users to create interactive visualizations. Discuss the advantages of using Tableau compared to traditional spreadsheet-based visualizations. (10 Marks)
Ans 5.
Tableau is a leading data visualization and business intelligence platform enabling users to connect to diverse data sources and create interactive, visually compelling dashboards without programming knowledge. It is widely adopted globally for its ability to simplify complex data analysis and deliver insights in formats accessible to both technical analysts and non-technical business
Q.6. Discuss the concept of data storytelling using Tableau. Explain how dashboards, filters, and visual sequences help present complex data insights in a clear and meaningful way. (10 Marks)
Ans 6.
Data storytelling is the practice of combining visualizations, narrative context, and structured sequencing to communicate analytical insights in compelling and understandable ways to diverse audiences. Tableau’s dashboards, interactive filters, and Story feature provide the technical infrastructure for building data narratives that transform complex findings into clear, actionable, and memorable presentations for business stakeholders.
The Concept of Data Storytelling
Effective data storytelling combines three interdependent elements: accurate data as the factual foundation, well-designed visuals as the communication medium, and coherent narrative as the
| SESSION | JAN – FEB 2026 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | I |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DMBA118 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR |
Assignment Set – 1
Q.1. Explain the process of Management by Objectives (MBO) and its key features. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Management by Objectives is a structured performance management approach where managers and subordinates jointly define specific goals aligned with organizational strategy. Developed by Peter Drucker in 1954, MBO aligns individual contribution with broader organizational direction, creating clarity of expectation, shared accountability, and enhanced motivation throughout all hierarchical levels of the organization.
Process of Management by
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Q.2. Explain the different theories of learning (Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning and Social Learning Theory). (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Learning theories explain how individuals acquire, retain, and modify knowledge, skills, and behaviors through experience and environmental interaction. In organizational behavior, these theories fundamentally inform training program design, behavior management strategies, and leadership development approaches. Classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning theory are the three foundational frameworks governing our understanding of workplace learning.
Classical Conditioning
Q.3. Discuss the principles of organising and their significance in the management of an organisation. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 3.
Organising is the fundamental managerial function of systematically arranging human, financial, and physical resources and tasks to achieve organizational objectives effectively. It establishes structure, defines authority relationships, and coordinates activities across all departments and functions. Following sound organising principles ensures clarity of roles, operational efficiency,
Assignment Set – 2
Q.4. The Team Wheel is a conceptual model used to represent the dynamic relationships between the key components of a team. Explain with examples. (10 Marks)
Ans 4.
The Team Wheel is a holistic conceptual model that represents the interconnected elements required for a team to function effectively and achieve its collective objectives. It visualizes teamwork as a dynamic, interdependent system where multiple components must work in balanced harmony. Understanding and applying this model helps managers diagnose team weaknesses and build high-performing, resilient collaborative groups.
Purpose and Roles – The
Q.5. Evaluate the role of organisational culture in shaping leadership effectiveness. Provide examples of companies that successfully align their culture with leadership practices. (10 Marks)
Ans 5.
Organisational culture comprises the shared values, beliefs, behavioral norms, and unwritten rules that define how an organization operates internally. Leadership effectiveness is profoundly shaped by the cultural environment in which leaders operate. Companies that deliberately align their cultural values with leadership expectations create environments where leaders thrive and organizational performance consistently exceeds competitive benchmar
Q.6. What are the benefits and challenges of integrating diversity into an organisation’s culture, and how can these be effectively managed? (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 6.
Workplace diversity encompasses differences in gender, ethnicity, nationality, age, religion, disability status, and cognitive approaches among organizational members. Integrating diversity into organizational culture generates significant competitive advantages but also introduces real management challenges. Organizations that navigate both dimensions effectively build genuinely inclusive environments where every employee contributes maximally to collective
| SESSION | JAN – FEB 2026 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | I |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DMBA119 MARKETING MANAGEMENT |
Assignment Set – 1
Q.1. Define Marketing. What is the scope of marketing? (3+7 = 10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Marketing is the strategic business process of creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, partners, and society. It connects producers with consumers, transforming product availability into commercially successful market relationships. The scope of marketing extends far beyond advertising and selling into every aspect of value creation, customer experience, and organizational growth strategy.
Definition of
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Q.2. List the 7Ps of marketing. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
The marketing mix is a framework of strategic variables that organizations manage to achieve their marketing objectives in target markets. The original 4Ps framework of Product, Price, Place, and Promotion was extended to the comprehensive 7Ps model to better address services marketing, adding People, Process, and Physical Evidence to capture the complete scope of customer experience management.
Product
Product is what the organization offers to satisfy customer needs and create value. It includes physical goods, services
Q.3. Define segmentation. List the benefits of segmentation. (3+7 = 10 Marks)
Ans 3.
Market segmentation is the strategic process of dividing a large, heterogeneous total market into smaller, distinct subgroups of consumers who share similar characteristics, needs, preferences, or behaviors. It enables organizations to tailor their products, communication messages, and distribution channels to specific groups rather than pursuing an undifferentiated approach that satisfies no segment optimally or particularly well.
Definition of Market
Assignment Set – 2
Q.4. List the methods of pricing. Give example for each of them. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 4.
Pricing determines revenue, profitability, and competitive positioning. Organizations choose from multiple methods based on cost structure and market conditions. The right method ensures sustainable margins while delivering genuine value to target customers.
Cost-Based Pricing
Cost-based pricing
Q.5. Define advertising. List the types of advertising with example. (3+7 = 10 Marks)
Ans 5.
Advertising is a paid, non-personal form of communication used by identified organizations or individuals to inform, persuade, and remind target audiences about products, services, or ideas through selected media channels. It is one of the most visible and impactful components of the marketing mix, playing a central role in building brand awareness and driving consumer purchase decisions across diverse market contexts.
Definition of Advertising
Q.6. Write a note on ethics in marketing. (10 Marks)
Ans 6.
Ethics in marketing refers to moral principles governing decisions to ensure fairness and responsibility toward consumers and society. As marketing influence has grown, ethical dimensions of advertising, pricing, and data usage have become important for organizational reputation.
Truthfulness and Non-