| SESSION | JAN-FEB 2026 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | V |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB3111 PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT |
Assignment Set – 1
Q.1. Write short note on: Product Design. Sources of Product Innovation. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Product Design
Product design is the process of defining the shape and function, the features such as materials, specifications and forms of the product in a way which meets customer requirements as well as meets standards for quality and is feasible to produce effectively at a reasonable cost. It is the crucial link between market needs and the manufacturing system creating objects that can be manufactured and shipped. The process of designing products is not an isolated event but rather an integrated process that includes concept creation, feasibility screening the preliminary design phase, the development of prototypes as
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Q.2. Explain production process. Further discuss the objectives of production management for organization. (4+6 = 10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Production Process
The process of production is the systematic set of activities and processes by which inputs including raw materials the energy and labor of workers, as well as machinery and information transform into finished products or services with greater value and value than their original inputs. This is the main function of every service or manufacturing company and serves as the foundation of management operations. Production processes can be seen as a transformation process that is comprised of three elements which are: inputs, transformation actions and outputs.
The production processes are
Q.3. Define Operations Strategy. Discuss the Hierarchy of Operations Strategy. (4+6 = 10 Marks)
Ans 3.
Definition of Operations Strategy
Operations strategy is the set of choices that define the longer-term capabilities, priorities and the direction for an organization’s production and operations role in the context of an overall business plan. It establishes a structure to ensure that the organisation makes consistent decisions on how operations acquires, develops, and deploys its resources and competencies for sustaining an advantage in competitiveness. Operational strategy is a way of translating the business goals into specific operational capacities such as cost effectiveness, quality, agility, reliability, as well as flexibility. All of these
Assignment Set – 2
Q.4. Explain the concept of supply chain. Further discuss the components and importance of supply chain. (2+8 = 10 Marks)
Ans 4.
Concept of Supply Chain
A supply chain is one of the networks of businesses, people, activities as well as information and resources associated with the transportation of a or service throughout the production process and distribution, all the way to the final consumer. It includes coordinated efforts of suppliers, manufacturers, distributors as
Q.5. State the objectives and types of maintenance management. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 5.
Objectives of Maintenance Management
Maintenance management is the systematic planning, organising, directing and controlling every aspect of maintenance within an organisation to ensure that equipment, machinery facilities, equipment, as well as utility services function effectively and safely all through their expected useful life. In a manufacturing context it is evident that equipment failures translate into less production, delayed deliveries, increased expenses, and compromised quality. Maintenance management has a significant
Q.6. What is project management? Also, define the project planning process. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 6.
Project Management
Project management refers to the application to apply knowledge, skills as well as tools and techniques for managing project tasks in order to satisfy project needs and to achieve the project’s objectives within
| SESSION | JAN-FEB 2026 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | V |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB3112 ECONOMIC PLANNING |
Assignment Set – 1
Q.1. Write a descriptive note on the recent status of human development in India, emphasizing on healthcare, gender equality, education and poverty reduction. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Human development is a multi-dimensional concept focused on quality of living conditions and human capacities and not only economic growth. The United Nations Development Programme Human Development Index measures progress in educational, healthcare as well as income. India has seen significant improvements yet there remain challenges to overcome in access to healthcare, gender inequality educational attainment, and poverty.
Healthcare
India’s healthcare indicators have improved substantially. Life expectancy for babies has risen from approximately fifty-nine years back in 1990
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Q.2. Critically examine the structure and trends in national income growth in India. Highlight the key milestones. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
National income is the overall value of all final goods and services made by the country during a specific time frame and is an indicator of overall the economic performance. Indian national income has increased significantly since independence, though its pace and structure have changed over the years.
Structure of
Q.3. Examine the importance of science and technology infrastructure development for a nation. Discuss the LPG model of economic reforms and explain how it became a turning point in the development of the Indian economy. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 3.
Importance of Science and Technology Infrastructure Development
Infrastructure for science and technology is the core system of institutions, facilities, knowledge networks, as well as human capital that allows countries to build as well as disperse the latest technological knowledge and research across its economy. It comprises research universities, government research laboratories and patent systems, as well as tech incubators, science parks digital infrastructure, the regulations that govern the protection of intellectual property as well as research funding. The depth and quality of a country’s science and technological infrastructure determine its ability to drive innovation,
Assignment Set – 2
Q.4. Highlight the major reforms under the New Economic Policy (NEP). Write a note on the types of inequalities that can be observed in India. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 4.
Major Reforms Under the New Economic Policy
The New Economic Policy of 1991 represented a radical departure from the post-independence Indian model of state-directed, inward-oriented development toward a more market-oriented, more open and competitive economic structure. The NEP was executed in two phases first, immediate stabilisation measures to solve the balance of payments crisis. It was followed by structural reforms to enhance the long-term
Q.5.a. Provide an overview of the unorganized sector and highlight its major characteristics. b. Highlight the contribution of agriculture to the Indian economy. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 5.
- Overview and Characteristics of the Unorganised Sector
The unorganised sector, often known as the informal sector, comprises jobs and businesses that are not covered by formal regulations, social security schemes, or legally enforceable agreements for employment. In India the informal sector is extraordinarily large and accounts for around 90 percent of the workforce and contributing roughly fifty percent of the GDP. It covers a wide range of jobs, which include agricultural labor as well as construction work, street vending, domestic and small-scale manufacturing, transport, and small retail commerce.
The main characteristics of the unorganised sector distinguish it sharply from the official economy.
Q.6. Explain the structure of the Indian financial system and analyse the role of the Reserve Bank of India in conducting monetary policy. Also discuss the importance of public finance and fiscal policy in India. (10 Marks)
Ans 6.
It is the Indian financial system consists made up of markets, financial institutions, instruments, and regulators that channel savings from surplus units to people who require funds. It helps in the development of economics by mobilizing resources, coordinating risk, providing payment services, and providing price information.
Structure of the Indian Financial System
The financial
| SESSION | JAN-FEB 2026 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | V |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB3113 E-COMMERCE |
Assignment Set – 1
Q.1. Explain the history of the internet. (10 Marks)
Ans 1..
The Internet is a worldwide network of interconnected computer systems that enables devices around the globe to share and communicate information. It’s evolved over the years from a small experimental network to a major infrastructure that supports modern communications, commerce education, and governance.
Origins: ARPANET (1960s-1970s)
The Internet’s beginnings date back to the year 1969, when the US Department of Defense’s Advanced Research Projects Agency funded the creation of ARPANET that is also known as the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. ARPANET was created to permit the communication of geographically
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Q.2. Discuss the E-Commerce framework architecture in detail. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
The E-commerce Framework Architecture is a organized set of technology or business components that enable online transactions. It helps organisations design and implement the systems to be secure, reliable, scalable, as well as able to accommodate business needs via multiple layers.
Network Infrastructure Layer
The basis of every e-commerce system is the network infrastructure including the internet extranets, intranets, as well as the communication protocols which allow data transfer. Internet is a global network
Q.3. Discuss various types of Business model in detail. (10 Marks)
Ans 3.
A business model defines how an organization generates, makes, and then captures the value. When it comes to e-commerce, it outlines those involved, the strategies for revenue and the value that customers receive, and helps entrepreneurs develop and assess digital strategies.
Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
The B2C model is where businesses sell services or goods directly to individual end consumers via an online platform. It is the most widely acknowledged form of online shopping. Retailers online like Amazon, Flipkart,
Assignment Set – 2
Q.4. Describe in detail third party payment processing. (10 Marks)
Ans 4.
Third-party payments rely on an external company to oversee the transaction between buyers and sellers. Instead of handling payment transactions on its own businesses rely on these service providers to handle payments by enhancing security, reducing operations, and enabling multiple payment methods with no complicated infrastructure.
How Third-Party Payment Processing Works
The process of processing payments begins
Q.5. Explain the concept of internet marketing. (10 Marks)
Ans 5.
Internet marketing, also called digital marketing, or even online marketing, refers to the use of digital channels technology, platforms, and platforms to market products, services or brands. It is a method of focusing audiences with the objective in generating awareness, engagement and sales. It’s a paradigm shift from the traditional media-based advertising to data-driven, customized, digital, and measured communication between businesses and their customers. Internet marketing encompasses a wide array of techniques and strategies that form part of the
Q.6. Write in detail about various components of m-commerce. (10 Marks)
Ans 6.
M-commerce, or mobile commerce can be defined as buying and selling of goods, services and other information on mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets via wireless networks. It’s a part of e-commerce known for mobility as well as instant access to the ability to provide services based on location. Its rapid growth, especially in countries like India, makes it essential to businesses comprehend its components for effective strategy designing.
Mobile
| SESSION | JAN-FEB 2026 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | V |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB3114 ENTREPRENEURSHIP |
Assignment Set – 1
Q.1. Explain the elements of entrepreneurship. Explain the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic development. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Elements of Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship is a dynamic process which involves the identification of opportunities as well as mobilizing resources and developing new ventures that generate profits. It’s built around several fundamental elements that define the entrepreneurial process and differentiate it from the normal business activities.
Innovation is the primary part of entrepreneurship. Joseph Schumpeter described the entrepreneur as an innovator, who creates the use of new products process, markets, basic materials or organizational types.
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Q.2. What are District Industries Centres? Write a note on the difference between intrapreneur and entrepreneur. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 2.
District Industries Centres (DICs)
District Industries Centres are government-established administrative bodies set up at the district level in India with the primary objective of promoting small-scale and cottage industries in rural and semi-urban areas. The DIC scheme was conceived with the help of the Central Government in 1978 as an all-in-one service that could give all the support small business owners require in one place, removing the
Q.3. Discuss the role of technological changes in entrepreneurial opportunities. Describe the reasons why the business plans fail. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 3.
Role of Technological Changes in Entrepreneurial Opportunities
Technological change is a major reason for entrepreneurial growth, in that it transforms industries, creates new markets, as well as makes older products obsolete. Peter Drucker highlighted it as one of the main drivers for technological innovation that allows entrepreneurs to build new businesses.
The internet’s commercialisation in the 90s led to the possibility for entrepreneurs like Jeff Bezos at Amazon, Pierre Omidyar at eBay, and Larry Page and Sergey Brin at Google to build businesses that would have been difficult
Assignment Set – 2
Q.4. Explain the different stages of financing by venture capitalists. Explain Marketing for new venture. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 4.
Stages of Financing by Venture Capitalists
The term “venture capital” refers to a variety of private equity funding provided by professional investors to startup and businesses in early stages that have the potential for rapid growth. Venture capitalists put money into for equity stakes, and usually are looking for returns via an purchase or initial public offering. The financing for venture capital is
Q.5. What are demographic segmentation and psychographic segmentation? Explain market penetration strategy. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 5.
Demographic Segmentation
Demographic segmentation is a method that divides a market into distinct groups, based on factors that define a population, such as age, gender, income level, education as well as marital status, job and family size, religious beliefs or religion, as well as the nationality. It’s the most widely used form of market segmentation due to the fact that demographic variables are easily measured, and data are readily available from census data and market research, and demographic
Q.6. What is franchising model? Explain its advantages as well as disadvantages. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 6.
Franchising Model
It is a model of business that allows the proprietor of a successful business system, referred to as the franchisor, grants a second individual,”the franchisee,” to run a business using the franchisor’s brand name, product, systems, and operating guidelines as a condition of payment for an initial franchise fee and on-going royalties. The franchisee can be described as an independent business owner that invests the capital of their own to create and operate the franchise unit but must adhere to the standards and guidelines set by the franchisor. Franchising has been one
| SESSION | JAN-FEB 2026 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | V |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB3115 SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT |
Assignment Set – 1
Q.1. Explain the objectives and scope of small business management. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Small-scale business management refers to the act of planning, conducting, organizing, and controlling a small company to reach its goals efficiently. In India small-sized businesses are defined as such under the MSME Development Act and form the backbone of the economy that requires effective management in spite of small resources and fewer teams.
Objectives of
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Q.2. Write a detailed note on PEST framework and its components. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
The framework PEST is an analysis tool for strategic planning that is used by firms to find and examine macro-environmental aspects they face that affect their activities as well as their performance and important decisions. PEST stands for Political and Economic, Social and Technological factors. It provides a structured process for environmental scanning helping managers understand the external setting in which their business operates and identify opportunities and dangers arising from external forces that are beyond their immediate control. For smaller
Q.3. Explain the role of market analysis in a business plan. Discuss how cash flow analysis helps in managing business operations. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 3.
Role of Market Analysis in a Business Plan
Market analysis is an important aspect of any business plans that proves the enterprise’s grasp of the industry in which their business is expected to operate. This provides the real-world basis that supports the potential business and also gives investors and financiers confidence that the business targets a legitimate and accessible market with sufficient demand to support the proposed initiative.
The first step in market analysis is
Assignment Set – 2
Q.4. Throw some light on role of marketing mix in helping businesses meet customer needs effectively. Explain the concept of material flow pattern in production. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 4.
Role of Marketing Mix in Meeting Customer Needs
The marketing mix is an assortment of tactics and marketing techniques that a company makes use of to obtain an desired reaction from its target market. The classic marketing mix comprises of four elements known as”the four Ps”: Product Price Location, Promotion, and Place. In the case of service-based businesses There are three additional Ps usually added, namely People Process and Physical
Q.5. Discuss various financial schemes offered by the government to promote SMEs. (10 Marks)
Ans 5.
Small and Medium Enterprises form the backbone of India’s economy, contributing approximately thirty percent of GDP, forty-eight percent of exports, and employing over 100,000 of people. Recognising their central importance in creating jobs as well as economic development, the Government of India has introduced an array of programs to encourage the growth, development and performance of SMEs.
Pradhan Mantri Mudra
Q.6. Elaborate on how case studies help in understanding real-world business problems including how managerial skills are applied in the analysis of business case studies. (10 Marks)
Ans 6.
A case study for business is written in a clear narrative about a real or realistic business scenario that outlines challenges or problems in the management field and provides pertinent contextual data such as organisational history along with market, economic, information, as well as stakeholder views which allows the analyst to identify the issue in order to assess alternatives and provide a recommendation for a suitable course of action. Case studies are among the most effective and widely applied pedagogical tools within business education, popularised by Harvard Business School and