| SESSION | JUL – AUG 2026 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | 3 |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB2112 OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT |
Assignment Set 1
Q.1. What is Operations Management? Discuss its key decisions in managing goods and services operations. (3+7 = 10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Operations Management is planning, organising and controlling of activities that convert inputs into useful products or services. The elements that flow into a system are people, materials, equipment, information and money. The outputs can be manufactured products or services provided like transport and healthcare. The intent is to provide benefit by providing quality, capacity, delivery, and resource efficiency.
Managing Goods and Services
The production and selling
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Q.2. List the importance of operations strategy and explain the process of formulating an effective operations strategy. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Operations strategy is the set of decisions that emerge to create the operation capability that meets the business goals. It dictates the value of facilities, processes, people, technology and suppliers to the customer. An effective strategy is one that links the market requirements with what operations can provide reliably and economically.
Alignment and Competitive Priorities
Operations strategy is the link
Q.3. Elaborate the importance of forecasting in operations management and describe major qualitative and quantitative forecasting methods. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 3.
Forecasting: Making predictions based on data and assumptions. In operations management, it is used often with regards to demand, workload and resource requirements. Forecasts do not eliminate uncertainty, but they do offer a framework within which to plan. Their effectiveness relies upon techniques, information, and frequent monitoring of actual outcomes.
Importance for Capacity and Workforce
Forecasting demand helps to identify the production capacity, staffing and working hours needed. An expected increase in patient
Assignment Set 2
Q.4. Justify how product volume and variety influence the choice of production processes. (10 Marks)
Ans 4.
Output production processes should correspond with the demand for the product and the variety of products. Volume refers to the quantity of units produced and variety involves differences in products, product specifications, and customer requirements. These factors affect equipment and operator skills, layout, scheduling, and product changeover costs.
Relationship between Volume and Variety
When volume is low, and variety
Q.5. Discuss the importance of production planning and aggregate planning strategies in managing production efficiently. (10 Marks)
Ans 5.
Production planning determines what will be produced, quantity of production, time of production and required resources. It connects demands with input materials, labour, equipment and capacity. This is done through the use of the medium term planning horizon of aggregate planning, rather than individual items, and by balancing demand and available resources.
Need for Production Planning
Planning assists with scaling down procurement, staffing, machine utilization, material inventories and delivery promise
Q.6. Explain the importance of facility location decisions and describe the factor rating method used for evaluating location alternatives. (4+6 = 10 Marks)
Ans 6.
Location decisions involve the choice of where a factory, warehouse, office or service centre can best be located. They commit, and are usually expensive to undo. An appropriate site will ensure reliable service, customer convenience and competitive cost; an inappropriate site will raise issues that can not easily be remedied through efficiency gains that can be achieved through day to day operations.
Importance of Location
| SESSION | JUL – AUG 2026 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | III |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB2113 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT |
Assignment Set 1
Q.1. Explain the concept and objectives of HRM. Discuss its major functions and practices. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Human Resource Management (HRM) is the strategic planning and direction of people to assist an organisation in meeting its goals. It includes information on employee recruitment, development, support, reward and retention. HRM understands that performance is influenced by the capability of the employee as well as the environment where the employees are required to work.
Concept of HRM
HRM is the linking of people related decisions
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Q.2. Discuss Human Resource Planning and its process. Discuss job analysis and job design. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Human Resource Planning is the process of forecasting the manpower needs and making provision for the necessary manpower and skills. Minimises skill gaps, surplus of skills and shortage in an organisation. With effective planning, you can tie business goals in with recruitment and training, deployment and succession.
Assessing Plans and Existing Resources
The first step is to gain an understanding of a business plan, anticipated workload, technology, and services required. HR then takes a look at the current employees based on the qualifications, experience, performance records and probable resignation. An organization, for instance, that is considering adding an additional production shift will have to determine if supervisors and properly trained machine operators are available.
Forecasting Demand and Supply
Demand forecasting involves prediction of the number and kind of employees needed. Workload analysis,
Q.3. Discuss Personnel Management and its development in India. Differentiate between Personnel Management and HRM. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 3.
Personnel Management involves management of employment-related activities including recruitment, compensation (salaries), employee records, employee welfare, employee discipline and Industrial Relations (employee relations). It helps to keep an employer employee relationship. Its development in India is a result of the changes in the industry, organisation of labour, role of government and importance of employees skills.
Early Welfare
Assignment Set 2
Q.4. Explain recruitment and selection. Discuss the barriers in selection. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 4.
The recruitment and selection processes are part of the process of having the right employees. Recruitment is the process that establishes the applicant pool and selection is the process that compares the applicants with the job requirements. These two processes have an impact on workforce quality, employee expectations and performance. They should be guided from the start with a clear role description.
Meaning and
Q.5. Describe induction and training. Discuss training needs and major training methods. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 5.
Induction and training assists staff to understand their work and to do it effectively. Induction is used to help people join a new organisation or position. Training is the creation of knowledge, skills, and behavior for specific activities. When combined, they eliminate unnecessary risk and uncertainty, and enable staff to work with increased confidence.
Meaning and Purpose of Induction
Induction is the
Q.6. Explain performance appraisal and wage administration. Identify major appraisal methods and wage fixation methods. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 6.
Performance appraisal and wage administration are significant aspects of managing employees. Appraisal – reviews work performance and development needs. Wage Administration sets and maintains fair pay plans. They need to have clear standards and consistent procedures: they determine fairness in the decisions and explanation.
Meaning of Performance Appraisal
Performance Appraisal is a structured evaluation of an employee’s work against agreed expectations within a specific time
| SESSION | JUL – AUG 2026 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | 3 |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB2114 MARKETING MANAGEMENT |
Assignment Set 1
Q.1. Critically evaluate the marketing concept and societal marketing concept by comparing their objectives, focus and implications. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Businesses must meet customer demands, and may impact communities and natural resources. The marketing concept and the societal marketing concept provide alternative ways of fulfilling this responsibility. The societal approach has an added element of concern for the long-term welfare of society in making marketing decisions, while both approaches acknowledge the needs of customers.
Marketing Concept Objectives
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Q.2. What is the role of marketing control in monitoring and improving the performance of marketing strategies? (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Marketing control is a function of comparing the results of the marketing efforts with the desired outcomes and making necessary adjustments. A strategy might look great when it starts, but might not work out that way in practice. Control links plans to results and assists management to make better decisions as conditions in the marketplace evolve.
How to set Objectives and Standards
The first step
Q.3. How does a brand progress through different stages of development? Explain. (10 Marks)
Ans 3.
A brand is built over time, when buyers become familiar with the brand, understand its offering, and make experiences within the brand. Development is not only a growth in business, but involves a changing relationship with customers. The brand can transition from introduction to growth and maturity, and decline can occur if the relevance and trust diminish.
Research and Brand
Assignment Set 2
Q.4. How do channel members contribute to the effective distribution of products? Explain their functions. (10 Marks)
Ans 4.
Channel members refer to the organisations and individuals that assist the movement of the product from producers to the users. They comprise agents, wholesalers, distributors and retailers. They don’t just deliver. They link the product to the demand of the market and make products available in certain quantities
Q.5. Critically evaluate the different types of buying decisions like impulsive, routine response, limited decision making, and extensive decision making with examples. (10 Marks)
Ans 5.
Not all products require the same level of thinking when consumers are making a buying decision. Their decisions are based on Involvement, Familiarity, time, perceived risk and situation. Impulsive buying, routine response, limited decision making and extensive decision making provide explanations of important differences, and one consumer may engage in each of these on
Q.6. Examine how evolving marketing trends are driving changes in consumer behaviour and strategic business practices? (10 Marks)
Ans 6.
Marketing trends are reshaping the way consumers are finding products, comparing options and buying as well as how they’re evaluating brands. Consumers’ expectations have grown, driven by digital access, personalised communication, social influence and a concern about responsibility. Businesses need to react by changing information, services and operations, and not accepting all of the promotion tools.
Digital Discovery
| SESSION | JUL – AUG 2026 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | 3 |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB2115 COST AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING |
Assignment Set 1
Q.1. Explain the objectives and significance of Cost Accounting. How does it differ from Financial Accounting? (7+3 = 10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Cost Accounting is a method of accounting for the costs of manufacturing products or delivering services. It assists managers in identifying resource utilization and determining if expenditures are warranted. It can be used to identify product, department and activity cost and aids in controlling operations and quality of business decisions.
Determining Cost
One of the simplest goals is to calculate
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Q.2. Explain the concept of Unit Costing. Discuss its components. (3+7 = 10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Unit costing is the process of finding out the cost of one unit, when the quantity produced is made up of identical or similar units. It can be used for cement, bricks, etc. that are part of common standardised output. Costs are accumulated over a period and associated with production and not separately allocated for each customer job.
The basic formula is:
Cost per unit = Total relevant
Q.3. Explain the procedure of Job Costing. How does a Job Cost Sheet help management in decision-making? (7+3 = 10 Marks)
Ans 3.
Job Costing is the process used to calculate the cost of a job, order or contract that has been done based on customer requirements. It is ideal for printing, repair, custom furniture and the like. Because jobs vary, costs are aggregated for each job, and not averaged across all production over a period.
Identifying and Authorising the Job
It starts with the assessment of the
Assignment Set 2
Q.4. Distinguish between Cost Accounting and Management Accounting. Explain the role of Management Accounting in managerial decision-making. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 4.
Both cost accounting and management accounting are for internal decision making, only the span of what is covered is different. In cost accounting, the focus is on measuring and controlling costs. Management accounting applies cost data, as well as other financial and nonfinancial data, to assist management in planning, assessing alternatives, and guiding the business.
Difference in
Q.5. Explain Standard Costing. Distinguish between Standard Cost and Estimated Cost. (3+7 = 10 Marks)
Ans 5.
Before production starts, businesses require cost benchmarks to evaluate actual performance. Standard costing provides such standards and looks into deviations from the standards. Also there are estimated costs, but these are (not) for another purpose. It is possible to get these two mixed up, which can weaken planning and performance evaluation.
Meaning of
Q.6. Discuss the concept of Cost–Volume–Profit (CVP) Analysis and examine its role in managerial decision-making. (10 Marks)
Ans 6.
Cost Volume Profit analysis is a study of the relationship between the selling price, volume of sales, variable cost and fixed cost. It enables management to determine the amount of activity they should have in order to meet costs and achieve a desired profit. The analysis is especially valuable for short term planning for a specified operating range.
Contribution and Profit
Contribution is the
| SESSION | JUL – AUG 2026 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | 3 |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB2116 INTERVIEW SKILLS AND ETIQUETTES |
Assignment Set 1
Q.1. Explain verbal and non-verbal communication. Discuss the uses of non-verbal communication in a business context with suitable examples. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Communication enables others to exchange information, communicate ideas, and manage tasks. Business communication is done with words and actions. Thus, verbal and nonverbal communication go hand in hand. There may be a problem if the speaker’s expression and tone conveys impatience or disbelief when given a clear explanation.
Verbal Communication
In verbal communication, words are used to communicate meaning. It covers both spoken communication (meetings, interviews, phone
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Q.2. Explain intrapersonal communication. Illustrate how self-motivation and positive self-talk help in building a positive impression. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Self-talk serves as a way to communicate with oneself when thinking, assessing experiences and making decisions and setting goals. This inner process affects their interactions with others. A person can establish confidence and make a positive impression by preparing and behaving responsibly, by intrapersonal communication, by self motivation and by positive self talk.
Meaning of Intrapersonal Communication
Intrapersonal communication is
Q.3. Explain the role of effective decision-making and team-building skills in leadership. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 3.
Leadership is the act of influencing others to achieve a common objective, and being accountable for the outcome. Effective decision making and team building are two key skills of a good leader. Decisions give direction, teamwork makes that direction a coordinated action. A leader must have both skills as good plans are useless without the people.
Understanding Effective
Assignment Set 2
Q.4. Describe the steps in planning, preparing, and delivering an oral presentation. Explain the role of visual aids. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 4.
Oral presentation is to convey ideas through spoken language to an audience. It hinges on knowing what you’re trying to achieve, creating appropriate materials, and presenting them effectively. Planning, preparation, delivery and visual supports should all be coordinated to help listeners trace the message and determine its real-world implications.
Planning the Purpose and Audience
Prior to
Q.5. Explain the types and main components of a resume. Prepare the key points for a job application letter. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 5.
A Resume is a statement of a candidate’s qualifications, abilities, experience and accomplishments. It assists an employer to determine if a candidate is appropriate for a position and whether they should call them in for an interview. This is accompanied by a job application letter explaining the candidate’s interest and contribution to the field directly.
Chronological Resume
In chronological
Q.6. Describe the preparatory steps for a job interview. Explain the importance of professional and technology etiquette. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 6.
Job Interview is a chance for the employer and the candidate to determine whether the one is the right fit for the other. Candidates use preparation to be able to articulate their skills effectively and to ask good questions. Professional behaviour and technology etiquette also are important as it demonstrates respect, reliability and awareness of the working environment.
Researching the Employer and Role
Candidates should research
| SESSION | JUL – AUG 2026 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | 03 |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB2117 BUSINESS AND CORPORATE LAW |
Assignment Set 1
Q.1. What is crossing of a cheque? Explain the different types of crossing and their significance. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 1.
A cheque is often used to pay for things without having to carry cash. But with an open cheque, the holder can be at risk in case of loss or theft. Crossing is used for extra security because the payment is made through the banking system rather than as a regular payment over the counter.
Meaning of Crossing
Crossing is the process of drawing certain lines or words across the cheque to regulate the payment thereof.
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Q.2. Define a contract of sale and explain its essential elements under the Sale of Goods Act, 1930. (3+7 = 10 Marks)
Ans 2.
While it is common for companies to have business transactions involving the exchange of goods or merchandise, not all exchanges are necessarily legally considered sales. The Sale of Goods Act, 1930 defines what is meant by a contract of sale. It also offers guidelines for the buyers and sellers relationship.
Meaning of Contract of
Q.3. Explain the rights and duties of an agent under the Indian Contract Act, 1872. (10 Marks)
Ans 3.
An agent is a person who works for another person, or represents them in dealings with others. The person represented is the principal. The Indian Contract Act 1872 seeks to strike a balance between this relationship as it demands good conduct from the agents and provides their legitimate financial and professional interests.
Duty to Follow
Assignment Set 2
Q.4. Define a patent. Describe the procedure for obtaining a patent. (3+7 = 10 Marks)
Ans 4.
Patent is a legal privilege issued to an invention by the Patents Act 1970. It gives the holder of the patent the right to stop the particular unauthorised business activities of the patented invention in India. The applicant will, in turn, describe the invention in such a way that others will be able to understand its technical operation.
Patentability and Initial
Q.5. What is the Memorandum of Association? Explain its main clauses and distinguish it from the Articles of Association. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 5.
A business should have a set of documents that outlines their purpose and the governing rules. They are carried out in the Memorandum of Association and the Articles of Association. Both documents direct the activities of the corporation, but vary in terms of content, legal standing, and the relationship of the members and external parties to the document.
Meaning and Main Clauses of
Q.6. What is Corporate Social Responsibility? Explain the provisions relating to CSR under the Companies Act, 2013 and discuss its importance for businesses. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 6.
Corporate Social Responsibility, also known as CSR, refers to the responsibility which a business has towards the society and environment. It links business resources to social development, and promotes responsible behaviours. In India, the CSR obligations are outlined in Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013, for companies that meet certain financial criteria.
Applicability of CSR
| SESSION | JULY-AUG 2026 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | III |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB2118 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT |
Assignment Set 1
Q.1. Analyse the major components of the economic environment within which Indian businesses operate, explaining the significance of economic policies. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
The economic environment refers to those conditions that affect production, investment, employment and consumption. Indian businesses need to be aware of these conditions as they impact costs and demand by their customers. A business can be successful with a good product and thriving when borrowing rates are low; but, when they’re higher, or when households start to spend less, the company can suffer. These differences account for the fact that the same economic change might have very different impacts on firms.
Economy, Economic system and
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Q.2. Business organisations are influenced by several forces beyond their internal operations. Examine how social and cultural factors, the legal framework, political conditions, and the prevailing economic system affect business decisions and practices in India. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
The business decisions are subject to the surrounding society and institutions of an organisation. In India, customer expectations, cultural differences, government priorities and economic arrangements are a part of day to day operations. The managers need to be aware of these factors before choosing a product, markets, employment practices or investment plans.
Social Factors
Demand is determined by population
Q.3. Government intervention plays an important role in shaping the business environment. Discuss the different ways in which the government regulates, facilitates, promotes, participates in, and resolves issues related to business activities. (10 Marks)
Ans 3.
The conditions of business start-up, operation, competition and growth are determined by the government. It does not just restrict, it offers something more. In India, the government also arranges infrastructure, helps out businesses, conducts business, and establishes a way to settle disputes. These functions are related to the economic development and public welfare.
Government as Regulator
Regulation sets norms for the proper
Assignment Set 2
Q.4. The economic reforms introduced in India in 1991 marked a significant transformation in the country’s business environment. Discuss the circumstances that led to the introduction of the New Economic Policy (NEP) 1991 and explain its major objectives. (10 Marks)
Ans 4.
It was with the New Economic Policy of 1991 that the Indian economy was shifted from the current method to a new one. Previous policies were at the high end of the spectrum of industrial licensing, import restrictions, and public sector control. These measures promoted industrial growth but weaknesses were built up over the years. The economy was in serious trouble and drastic policy changes were required.
Balance of Payments Crisis
In 1991, India was in serious shortage of foreign exchange. Reserves were no longer adequate to cover comfortably
Q.5. Countries increasingly participate in regional and international economic arrangements to facilitate trade and economic cooperation. Explain the meaning and different stages of economic integration. (10 Marks)
Ans 5.
Economic integration is a process of removing barriers between economies, and increasing economic cooperation, of countries. It can include trade in goods and services, investment, movement of labor and policy coordination. Integration is a goal of countries to gain access to larger markets, increase efficiency, draw in investment, and enhance the overall economic standing of countries.
Preferential Trade
Q.6. Corporate Social Responsibility has become an important dimension of modern business management. Explain the concept and significance of CSR and discuss the responsibilities of businesses towards their various stakeholders. (10 Marks)
Ans 6.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers to the responsibility of a business towards its impact on the society and environment. It takes into account the interests of the stakeholders and the economic performance. CSR involves proper operating practices and planned social contributions. It should be a part of business decisions and not be an occasional charitable activity.
Concept and Significance
Businesses utilize natural resources, public infrastructure