| SESSION | JUL-AUG 2026 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | II |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB1219 STATISTICS FOR MANAGERS |
Assignment Set – 1
Q.1. Explain the meaning and characteristics of Statistics. Discuss its major functions and importance in the modern business environment. Also, explain any two important applications of Statistics in business with suitable examples. (3+3+4 = 10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Meaning of Statistics
Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, analysing and interpreting the numerical data to infer useful information to facilitate decision-making. It is used in two ways: 1. As the facts in numbers, as in the number of sales or the number of inhabitants; 2. As the science or system of studying them in a systematic way.
Characteristics of Statistics
Statistics is the science of
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Q.2. A manager receives a large set of raw data containing employees’ gender, department, salary group and years of service. Explain how appropriate classification and tabulation can convert this raw data into meaningful information. Also distinguish between classification and tabulation. (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Meaning of Classification
Classification is the arranging of raw data in various groups or classes to group the data with similar characteristics together and the mass of scattered figures becomes easier to study. Given a set of raw data, which lists the gender, department, salary range, years of service, and other information for many employees, the first step is to categorize this information under appropriate heads, like by department, by gender, by salary range, etc.
Meaning of Tabulation
Tabulation is systematic presentation
Q.3. The salaries and number of employees in five categories of an organisation are given below. Calculate the weighted arithmetic mean salary and explain why weighted mean is more appropriate than simple arithmetic mean in this situation. (Employee Category, Monthly Salary (Rs), Number of Employees: Class I Officers 1500, 10; Class II Officers 800, 20; Subordinate Staff 500, 70; Clerical Staff 250, 100; Lower Staff 100, 150.) (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 3.
Meaning of Weighted Arithmetic Mean
Weighted arithmetic mean is a weighted average of a set of numbers, in which values are not treated equally but have varying degrees of importance. This weight is typically defined by the frequency of the occurrence, amount or some other form of importance assigned to each item, such as the number of workers in a specified pay level in an organization.
Approach to
Assignment Set – 2
Q.4. Explain the difference between the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis. Also explain the level of significance, p-value, and the correct interpretation of “reject” and “fail to reject” the null hypothesis. (4+6 = 10 Marks)
Ans 4.
Meaning of Null Hypothesis
A hypothesis that is accepted as true if there is no evidence of the effect, difference, or relationship between variables in the data from samples is called the null hypothesis. It is the position in which we start, for example, if the evidence is that a new training programme does not have any effect on employee productivity, or what is called the ‘default model’ and the whole testing process is oriented towards finding out whether the evidence is sufficient to reject this assumption.
Meaning of
Q.5. The following data show the number of hours studied and examination scores of five students. Calculate Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient and interpret the result. (Student, Study Hours (X), Exam Score (Y): A 2, 50; B 4, 60; C 5, 65; D 7, 80; E 9, 85.) (6+4 = 10 Marks)
Ans 5.
Meaning of Correlation
Correlation quantifies and describes the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two quantitative variables: whether an increase in one variable tends to be associated with an increase or decrease in the other. It does not prove a cause-and-effect relationship; it is rather an indication of the tendency of the two variables to move together.
Karl Pearson’s
Q.6. What are index numbers? Explain the importance and uses of index numbers in economic and business analysis. Discuss the weighted methods of constructing index numbers with suitable examples. Also mention any two limitations of index numbers. (2+3+3+2 = 10 Marks)
Ans 6.
Meaning of Index Numbers
Index numbers are statistical devices used to show changes in a variable or a set of variables over time, as compared to a base period which is given a reference value. Index numbers can be used to measure price changes, production changes, employment changes or changes in the overall economic activity, and enable comparisons over a period of time in a simple and
| SESSION | JULY – AUGUST 2026 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | II |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB1216 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR |
Assignment Set 1
Q.1. Analyze how organizational structure affects communication, coordination, authority, and decision-making in project management. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Organizational structure describes reporting relationships, responsibilities and distribution of authority. In project management, it helps determine the collaboration among specialists and the allocation of resources. A structure can enhance delivery and unclear relationships can cause delays even if team members have the necessary skills.
Communication Channels
The structure defines the flow of information, up and
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Q.2. Explain the role of Parent, Adult, and Child ego states in developing effective interpersonal relationships at the workplace. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Transactional Analysis is a theory about communication involving parent, adult and child ego states. The ego state is not an age or role, but rather a way of thinking, feeling and behaving. By identifying these patterns, employees can become aware of the ways in which they are interacting with others and select their reactions in ways that promote positive relationships at work.
Parent Ego State
The Parent state is a reflection of learnt rules,
Q.3. Discuss the role of personality in employee performance, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. (10 Marks)
Ans 3.
Personality is the way that people think, feel, and act in a consistent manner. It affects employees’ performance in tasks, relationships and work demands. But, also skills, leadership, job design, rewards and organisational conditions are crucial to performance, satisfaction and commitment. Personality should thus be viewed as one factor of many.
Personality and Employee Performance
Conscientious
Assignment Set 2
Q.4. Differentiate the Trait Theory and Behavioral Theory of leadership. How do they explain effective leadership? (5+5 = 10 Marks)
Ans 4.
There are two different explanations of effective leadership: Trait Theory and Behavioral Theory. Trait Theory focuses on what are the personal qualities of leaders and Behavioral Theory focuses on what leaders do. Whilst both help to explain leadership, neither give a full explanation without taking into account followers, tasks and organisational conditions.
Focus of Trait
Q.5. Examine the relationship between power, authority, and influence in organizational settings. (10 Marks)
Ans 5.
How organisational decisions are made and how people get people to cooperate is explained by Power, Authority and Influence. Although related and different meanings. An employee with experience in a company may make decisions without having a high-level job, or a manager with formal authority may not have the cooperation of employees.
Meaning of Power
Power is the ability to influence others’ actions
Q.6. Compare human process and techno-structural interventions in terms of their objectives, approaches, and outcomes. (10 Marks)
Ans 6.
Organisational development interventions are interventions used to improve the functioning of the organisation. Human process interventions focus on relationships and interaction, and techno-structural interventions on work arrangements, technology and organisational design. They have both tried to make things more effective, but in different ways because they are having difficulty with different things and need change in different ways.
Objectives of Human Process