| SESSION | JULY-AUG 2024 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)/BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (BCOM) |
| SEMESTER | II/III |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB1201/DCM2101 BUSINESS COMMUNICATION |
Assignment Set – 1
- Define Communication. Mention any four barriers to communication and substantiate your answer with one example for each.
Ans 1.
Definition of Communication
Communication is the process of sharing information, ideas, emotions, or thoughts between individuals or groups to achieve mutual understanding. It is a fundamental aspect of human interaction that facilitates relationships, decision-making, and coordination. The process involves a sender conveying a message through a medium to a receiver, who provides feedback. Effective communication is essential for personal, social, and professional success. However, several barriers can disrupt the
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- Differentiate between listening and hearing. Explain the different types of listening.
Ans 2.
Difference Between Listening and Hearing
Listening and hearing are often used interchangeably, but they are distinct concepts. Hearing is the physiological process of perceiving sound through the ears. It is passive and does not require conscious effort. Listening, on the other hand, is an active process that involves focusing on, interpreting, and understanding the sounds and messages being conveyed.
Key Differences
- Comment on Reading as a skill. Discuss the various types of readings.
Ans 3.
Reading as a Skill
Reading is a fundamental skill that involves decoding written symbols to derive meaning. It is an essential component of communication, enabling individuals to acquire knowledge, develop critical thinking, and engage with diverse perspectives. Unlike casual skimming, effective reading requires focus, comprehension, and sometimes interpretation. Reading is not only a tool for learning but also a
Assignment Set – 2
- What is a Resume? Explain the different components of a Resume.
Ans 4.
Resume
A resume is a formal document that summarizes an individual’s education, work experience, skills, achievements, and other qualifications. It is a key tool used by job seekers to showcase their suitability for a particular role. A resume serves as the first impression a candidate makes on potential employers, aiming to convince them of the applicant’s qualifications and prompt further engagement,
- Highlight the specific objectives of corporate advertising. Discuss the different types of corporate advertising.
Ans 5.
Objectives and Types of Corporate Advertising
Corporate advertising is a form of advertising that focuses on promoting a company’s brand, image, or values rather than specific products or services. Its primary aim is to shape public perception, build goodwill, and foster trust among stakeholders. Unlike product advertising, corporate advertising targets a
- Elucidate the term meeting in terms of business context. Discuss the different categories of business meetings.
Ans 6.
Understanding Meetings in a Business Context
A meeting in a business context is a formal or informal gathering of individuals or teams aimed at discussing issues, making decisions, planning activities, or resolving problems. Meetings serve as critical tools for communication and collaboration within organizations, enabling participants to exchange information, align on objectives, and address challenges. Effective meetings contribute to organizational efficiency and foster teamwork by providing a structured platform for dialogue and
| SESSION | JULY/AUGUST 2024 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | II |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB1202 FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING |
Assignment Set – 1
- Explain different types of accounting concepts in detail. 10
Ans 1.
Different Types of Accounting Concepts
Accounting concepts are fundamental assumptions or principles that serve as the foundation for accounting practices and ensure consistency, reliability, and comparability of financial statements. Here are the primary accounting concepts explained in detail:
Business Entity Concept The business entity concept states that a business is separate and distinct from its owners. All transactions are recorded from the business’s perspective, not the owner’s. For example
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- Journalize the following transactions –
Jan 1st – Mr. Harshit started his business with Rs. 80,000/- which he brought as his capital in cash.
Jan 10th – He purchased goods worth Rs.30,000/- in cash and Rs. 20,000/- on credit.
Jan 12th – He paid wages Rs. 500/-
Jan 15th – Sold goods for Rs. 20,000/- in cash and Rs. 25,000/- on credit
Jan 16th – Paid to suppliers Rs. 8,000/- for goods purchased on credit
Jan 20th – Received Rs. 15,000/- from his debtors
Jan 31st – Paid rent Rs. 1,000/- in cash
Ans 2.
Journalizing is the process of systematically recording business transactions in the journal, which is the first step in the accounting cycle. A journal, also known as the book of original entry, serves as the foundation for maintaining accurate financial records. Each transaction is recorded in chronological order, ensuring that all business activities are captured and accounted for. The process
- Define Bank Reconciliation Statement. Discuss various reasons for difference in balance of cash book and pass book.
Ans 3.
Bank Reconciliation Statement
A Bank Reconciliation Statement (BRS) is a document that reconciles the differences between the balance as per a company’s cash book and the balance as per the bank’s passbook. The cash book records all cash and bank transactions from the business’s perspective, while the passbook reflects the transactions recorded by the bank. These two balances may not always
Assignment Set – 2
- Describe in detail different types of shares.
Ans 4.
Different Types of Shares
Shares represent the ownership of a company and provide shareholders with a claim on the company’s assets and earnings. Companies issue different types of shares to raise capital and meet the diverse nee
- Define debentures and summarize the classification of debentures.
Ans 5.
Definition of Debentures
Debentures are long-term financial instruments issued by companies to borrow funds from the public. They represent a debt that the company agrees to repay along with a fixed rate of interest, making them a reliable investment option for those seeking steady income. Debenture
- Discuss different methods used for calculation of depreciation in detail.
Ans 6.
Methods of Depreciation Calculation
Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the cost of a tangible asset over its useful life. It reflects the wear and tear, obsolescence, or reduction in value due to usage over time. The accurate calculation of depreciation is essential for fair financial reporting, tax compliance, and asset management. Different methods are used to calculate depreciation based on the nature of the asset,
| SESSION | JULY – AUGUST 2024 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | II |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB1203 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT |
Assignment Set – 1
- What is Human Resource Planning? Explain the significance of planning human resources.
Ans 1.
Human Resource Planning (HRP) is a strategic process that ensures an organization has the right number of employees with the appropriate skills, in the right roles, at the right time. This process includes forecasting workforce requirements, analyzing the existing human resources, and implementing strategies to bridge the gap between current and future needs. HRP helps organizations remain competitive and adaptable in a constantly evolving business environment. It
- What are the goals of Performance Appraisal? Explain its various modern methods.
Ans 2.
Performance appraisal is a systematic process designed to evaluate employee performance against predefined standards. It aims to enhance individual productivity, support career development, and align employee efforts with organizational goals. This process involves assessing an individual’s
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- How does Selection differ from Recruitment? Differentiate between Internal and External sources of Recruitment.
Ans 3.
Selection differ from Recruitment
The processes of recruitment and selection are fundamental to human resource management, yet they serve different purposes and follow distinct methodologies. Recruitment is the process of identifying, attracting, and encouraging potential candidates to apply for a job within an organization. It aims to create a pool of qualified candidates from which the most suitable person for the job can be selected. Recruitment focuses on reaching out to a broad audience, using strategies like
Assignment Set – 2
- Define Employee Empowerment? Explain various elements of employee empowerment.
Ans 4.
Employee Empowerment
Employee empowerment is a strategic approach in human resource management that grants employees the autonomy, authority, and resources to take responsibility for their decisions and actions. It involves providing employees with the necessary tools, training, and confidence to manage their tasks effectively and make meaningful contributions to organizational goals. Empowerment not only enhances employee engagement and motivation but also fosters innovation and accountability, leading to improved organizational performance
- Explain various challenges faced in International Human Resource Management.
Ans 5.
Various Challenges Faced in International Human Resource Management
Cultural Differences One of the most significant challenges in international human resource management (IHRM) is managing cultural differences. Employees from diverse cultural backgrounds may have varying work ethics, communication styles, and expectations. These differences can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts if not managed effectively. HR professionals must foster cultural
- Discuss systematic training process model.
Ans 6.
Systematic Training Process Model
The systematic training process model is a structured approach used to enhance employee skills, knowledge, and competencies to align with organizational goals and improve overall performance. This model ensures that training programs are planned, executed, and evaluated effectively to meet both employee and organizational needs. The process typically involves five key stages: needs assessment,
| SESSION | JUL – AUG 2024 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | II |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB1204 QUALITY MANAGEMENT |
Assignment Set – 1
- Discuss Philip Crosby’s Four Absolutes of Quality with suitable example.
Ans 1.
Philip Crosby’s Four Absolutes of Quality
Philip Crosby, a renowned quality management guru, introduced the “Four Absolutes of Quality Management,” which outline the principles required for achieving excellence in quality. His approach emphasizes the importance of building quality into the process rather than relying on inspections to catch errors. The Four Absolutes are as follows:
1. Quality is Conformance
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- Who is customer? Discuss the different types of customers with suitable example. 3+7
Ans 2.
Customer
A customer is an individual, organization, or entity that purchases goods or services from a business in exchange for value, typically monetary. Customers are the focal point of any business, as their satisfaction determines the success and sustainability of the organization. They can be categorized based on their interaction with the company and their influence on the business’s
- What is cost of quality? Why is it important to measure? List common costs of poor quality.
Ans 3.
Cost of Quality
The cost of quality (CoQ) refers to the total cost incurred to ensure that a product or service meets quality standards. It includes costs related to preventing defects, identifying defects, and the consequences of defects, such as rework or customer dissatisfaction. CoQ is broadly categorized into four components: prevention costs, appraisal costs, internal failure costs, and external failure costs. By tracking these costs, organizations can identify areas where improvements are necessary to minimize waste and enhance quality, ultimately boosting profitability and
Assignment Set – 2
- What is meant by Benchmarking? What are the different types of Benchmarking?
Ans 4.
Benchmarking
Benchmarking is a strategic process in which an organization evaluates its practices, performance, and processes against those of industry leaders or competitors. The objective of benchmarking is to identify areas for improvement, adopt best practices, and enhance overall efficiency and effectiveness. It involves analyzing metrics such as productivity, cost, quality, and customer
- Write short notes on the following concepts:
- a) Recognition and rewards
- b) Suggestion systems
Ans 5.
- a) Recognition and Rewards
Recognition and rewards are essential components of organizational culture that motivate employees, enhance job satisfaction, and improve overall performance. Recognition refers to acknowledging and appreciating employees for their achievements, contributions, or efforts, while rewards are tangible or intangible benefits given as a token of appreciation. Both play a critical role in fostering a positive work environment and encouraging a high-performance culture.
Recognition can take various forms, such as verbal praise, written commendations, or public
- Discuss about Rajiv Gandhi National Quality Award in detail.
Ans 6.
The Rajiv Gandhi National Quality Award (RGNQA) is one of India’s most prestigious awards, established to recognize and promote excellence in quality across various industries and sectors. Introduced in 1991 by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), the award commemorates the late Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi’s vision of a modern and progressive India driven by high
| SESSION | JULY – AUG 2024 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | II |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB1205 RETAIL MANAGEMENT |
Assignment Set – 1
- Explain the various functions of retailing.
Ans 1.
Functions of Retailing
Retailing plays a vital role in the economy as it connects manufacturers and consumers. It is not just about selling goods but also about creating a seamless and convenient shopping experience. Retailers add value to the supply chain through various functions that cater to the needs of both producers and consumers. Below are the key functions of retailing:
Breaking Bulk Retailers purchase large quantities of products from manufacturers or wholesalers and sell them in smaller, consumer-friendly quantities. This allows individual customers to buy goods
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- What are the key stages of the consumer decision-making process? Explain with suitable examples.
Ans 2.
Key Stages of the Consumer Decision-Making Process
The consumer decision-making process is a systematic approach that individuals follow to choose a product or service. Understanding these stages is crucial for retailers to align their strategies with consumer behavior, thereby influencing purchasing decisions.
- Problem Recognition
The process begins when a consumer identifies a need or problem. This recognition may arise from internal stimuli, like hunger, or external factors, such as advertising. For example, a person may decide to buy a
- Describe the benefits of market segmentation and also outline the various strategies for effective market segmentation.
Ans 3.
Benefits of Market Segmentation and Strategies for Effective Market Segmentation
Market segmentation involves dividing a broad market into smaller, more defined groups of consumers with similar needs, preferences, or characteristics. It allows businesses to tailor their offerings and marketing efforts effectively. Below, we discuss the benefits and strategies for successful market segmentation.
- Benefits of Market Segmentation
Enhanced Customer Satisfaction: By understanding the unique needs and preferences of different market segments,
Assignment Set – 2
- Enumerate the stages of merchandise planning.
Ans 4.
Stages of Merchandise Planning
Merchandise planning is a systematic process of managing the right products, quantities, and timing to maximize sales and minimize risks. Effective merchandise planning ensures that retailers meet consumer demand while optimizing inventory levels. Below are the key stages of
- Write a short note on:
- Receipt management
- Elements of retail price 4+6
Ans 5.
- Receipt Management
Receipt management is a critical function in retail operations as it ensures the smooth flow of goods from suppliers to the retailer. It involves the systematic recording, verification, and acknowledgment of goods received in accordance with purchase orders. This process ensures that retailers receive the correct quantity and quality of products and helps in maintaining accurate inventory records. Effective receipt management begins with cross-verifying the delivered goods against the purchase order. This includes checking for discrepancies in quantities, damage, or expired items. For instance, a grocery retailer receiving perishable goods must ensure
- Elucidate the various tools related to the presentation of merchandise.
Ans 6.
Tools Related to the Presentation of Merchandise
The presentation of merchandise is a crucial aspect of retailing, as it directly influences consumer behavior and enhances the shopping experience. Retailers employ various tools and techniques to present products in a visually appealing and organized manner, ensuring maximum visibility and
| SESSION | JUL-AUG 2024 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | III |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB2101 LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK |
Assignment Set – 1
- Define a company. What are the different kinds of meeting of the shareholders of a company?
Ans 1.
Definition of a Company
A company is a legal entity formed by a group of individuals to engage in and operate a business—commercial or industrial—enterprise. It is recognized as a separate legal entity from its owners, meaning it can own property, enter into contracts, sue or be sued, and conduct business in its name. Companies are governed by the Companies Act, 2013 in India, which provides a detailed framework for their formation, functioning, and dissolution. The distinct identity of a company and its perpetual succession are critical features that distinguish it from other
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- Define a Contract. What are essentials of a contract? Discuss.
Ans 2.
Definition of a Contract
A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties that is enforceable by law. It involves mutual promises or obligations that are agreed upon by the parties involved. According to Section 2(h) of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, a contract is defined as “an agreement enforceable by law.” An agreement becomes a contract when it meets the essential criteria laid down by the law. Contracts are fundamental to conducting business and ensuring that the terms agreed upon by
- What do you understand by intellectual property rights? Explain its types in detail.
Ans 3.
Understanding Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) are the legal rights granted to creators and inventors to protect their intellectual creations from unauthorized use or exploitation. These rights provide the owner with exclusive control over the use, reproduction, and distribution of their creations for a specified period. IPR encourages innovation and creativity by ensuring that inventors and creators can benefit
Assignment Set – 2
- Discuss Environment Protection Act 1986. How it is relevant in the modern business world?
Ans 4.
The Environment Protection Act, 1986, is a comprehensive legislation enacted by the Government of India in response to the Bhopal Gas Tragedy of 1984. It provides a framework for addressing environmental issues and empowers the central government to take necessary measures for protecting and improving the environment. The Act was enacted under Article 253 of the Indian Constitution, which allows Parliament to make laws for implementing international agreements. Its primary objective is to prevent and mitigate pollution, ensure
- Discuss the main areas of focus of the Factories Act.
Ans 5.
The Factories Act, 1948, is a pivotal legislation in India aimed at ensuring the health, safety, and welfare of workers in factories. It applies to premises where manufacturing processes are carried out with the aid of power and employ 10 or more workers, or without power and employ 20 or more workers. The Act serves to regulate working conditions and protect workers from
- Define consumer. Explain the consumer redressal agencies in detail.
Ans 6.
Definition of a Consumer
A consumer is any individual who purchases goods or services for personal use and not for resale or commercial purposes. According to the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, a consumer is defined as a person who buys any goods or hires or avails of any service for consideration, which may be fully or partially paid, deferred, or promised. The definition also includes online purchases and digital transactions. However, individuals or entities who obtain goods for
SESSION |
JULY-AUG 2024 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | III |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB2102 QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR MANAGEMENT |
Assignment Set – 1
- Describe function of Statistics briefly.
Ans 1
Functions of Statistics
Statistics plays a crucial role in various fields by enabling the systematic handling of numerical data. It is an essential tool for businesses, researchers, policymakers, and scientists to make informed decisions based on quantitative evidence. The functions of statistics can be broadly categorized into several key areas, each contributing to its overall utility and significance.
Data Collection The first function of statistics is the organized collection of data. This involves gathering numerical or categorical data from reliable sources using methods such as surveys, experiments, or
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- Explain Classification of data and all its types.
Ans 2.
Classification of Data and Its Types
Classification of data is a critical process in statistics that organizes raw data into structured categories, making it easier to analyze and interpret. This arrangement allows researchers, analysts, and businesses to uncover meaningful insights and apply the right statistical tools for analysis. Data can be
3a. Calculate the mean of the following frequency distribution:
| Marks X | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 |
| Frequency f | 8 | 12 | 20 | 10 | 7 | 3 |
- Find Quartile one Q1 and Quartile three Q3 of the following series:
| Size: | 4 | 4.5 | 5 | 5.5 | 6 | 6.5 | 7 | 7.5 | 8 | |
| Frequency: | 10 | 18 | 22 | 25 | 40 | 15 | 10 | 8 | 7 |
Ans 3.
- Mean of the Given Frequency Distribution
Data:
| Marks () | Frequency () |
| 10 | 8 |
| 20 | 12 |
| 30 | 20 |
| 40 | 10 |
| 50 | 7 |
| 60 | 3 |
Formula to Calculate Mean:
Assignment Set – 2
- Explain coefficient of correlation. Discuss the methods of calculating coefficient of correlation.
Ans 1.
Coefficient of Correlation
The coefficient of correlation is a statistical measure used to evaluate the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables. It is widely applied in fields like business, economics, social sciences, and natural sciences to understand how changes in one variable are associated with
- Describe components of time series analysis.
Ans 2.
Components of Time Series Analysis
Time series analysis involves examining data collected over time to identify trends, patterns, and seasonal effects. It is widely applied in forecasting, planning, and understanding the dynamics of variables such as sales, stock prices, weather conditions, and economic indicators. Time series data is characterized by its chronological order, and its analysis involves decomposing the data into distinct components to better understand its structure.
Trend Component
3a. Construct an index number for 2015 taking 2014 as base:
| Commodity | Price in 2014 | Price in 2015 |
| A | 90 | 95 |
| B | 40 | 60 |
| C | 90 | 110 |
| D | 30 | 35 |
Ans 3a.
Constructing an Index Number
An index number is a statistical tool used to measure the relative change in price, quantity, or value between two time periods. Here, we are tasked with calculating a price index for 2015 using 2014 as the base year.
Formula for Simple Price Index:
- Write Short note:
(i) Parameter
(ii) Estimator
Ans b.
(i) Parameter
A parameter is a numerical value that describes a characteristic of a population. It is a fixed value, although its exact value is often unknown because it pertains to an entire population, which is usually too large or inaccessible to study exhaustively. Parameters summarize key aspects of the population, such as mean, median, variance, or proportion. For example, the average height of all
| SESSION | OCT 2024 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | III |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB2103 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY |
Assignment Set – 1
- What do you mean by research? Explain the research process with the help of taking a market research problem into consideration.
Ans 1.
Meaning of Research
Research refers to a systematic and scientific approach used to gather, analyze, and interpret data to answer specific questions, address problems, or enhance knowledge. It is an organized process aimed at discovering new information, validating existing knowledge, or proposing innovative solutions. Research is critical in decision-making across various domains, including business,
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- What do you understand by a research design? Briefly explain the different types of research designs with the help of two examples under each.
Ans 2.
Understanding Research Design
Research design refers to the overall framework or blueprint for conducting a research study. It provides structure to the research process and ensures the study is scientifically rigorous and results are valid. A well-defined research design outlines the research approach, methods of data collection, tools for analysis, and strategies to address the research problem. It acts as a roadmap, guiding
- Explain the role of sampling method in business research. Differentiate between probability and non-probability sampling techniques along with the suitable examples under each method.
Ans 3.
Role of Sampling Method in Business Research
Sampling is a crucial element in business research as it enables researchers to study a subset of the population instead of examining the entire group. This approach is cost-effective, time-saving, and often more practical, especially when the population size is large or geographically dispersed. By selecting a representative sample, researchers can infer conclusions about the entire population with a reasonable degree of accuracy. Sampling ensures that the research is feasible and allows businesses to make informed decisions based on data that reflects
Assignment Set – 2
- Discuss the different situations in which primary and secondary methods of data collection will be used. Explain the different methods of collecting primary data with suitable examples.
Ans 4.
Situations for Using Primary and Secondary Methods of Data Collection
Data collection is a fundamental aspect of research, involving the gathering of information to address specific questions or test hypotheses. The choice between primary and secondary methods depends on the nature of the research, the objectives, and resource constraints.
Primary data collection
- What do you mean by a Questionnaire? Discuss the detailed process of designing a questionnaire of on assessing customer satisfaction of any product. 7+3
Ans 5.
Meaning of a Questionnaire
A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of structured or semi-structured questions designed to gather specific information from respondents. It is widely used in surveys to collect data about opinions, behaviors, preferences, or experiences. Questionnaires can be administered in various formats, including online forms, printed documents, or interviews. They are valued for their
- a. Hypothesis and its types
- Structure of a research report writing
Ans 6.
- Hypothesis and Its Types
A hypothesis is a formal statement predicting the relationship between two or more variables, serving as the foundation for empirical research. It provides direction for the study and allows researchers to test assumptions scientifically. Hypotheses help researchers focus their study by transforming broad questions into specific, measurable, and testable statements. For example, in a study on advertising, a hypothesis could be, “Increased advertising expenditure leads to higher
| SESSION | JUL – AUG 2024 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | III |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB2104 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT |
Assignment Set – 1
1a. A company expects to receive Rs 120,000 annually for the next 10 years. If the discount rate is 15%, what is the present value of this annuity?
- Describe different sources of long-term financing available to a company
Ans 1a.
To calculate the present value of an annuity, we use the following formula:
Where:
- = Present value of
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2a. ABC Corporation forecasts an annual EBIT of $300,000. With $800,000 in 8% bonds and a 10% cost of equity capital, along with a corporate tax rate of 25%, determine the firm’s value.
- Discuss the advantage of the wealth maximization objective of financial management over profit maximization.
Ans 2a.
To determine the firm’s value, we will use the Modigliani and Miller (MM) Proposition I with Taxes formula:
Where:
- = Value of the leveraged firm
- = Value of the unleveraged firm
- = Corporate tax rate (25% or 0.25)
- = Value of debt (bonds)
- PQR Ltd is evaluating a $250,000 investment project that is anticipated to produce $60,000 annually for the next four years. With a discount rate of 18%, compute the NPV and provide a recommendation on the project’s financial viability
Ans 3.
Net Present Value (NPV) Calculation
The Net Present Value (NPV) is calculated using the following formula:
Where:
- =
Assignment Set – 2
- Calculate the cost of equity for X Ltd, which issued Rs 100 equity shares at a 10% premium. The expected dividend at year-end is 15%, growing annually at 8%. Also, find the cost of equity if dividends do not grow.
Ans 4.
Cost of Equity Calculation
The cost of equity represents the return required by investors for investing in the equity of a company. It can be calculated under two scenarios: with dividend growth and without dividend growth. Here, we calculate the cost of equity for X Ltd, which issued equity shares at a
- For X Company, which earns Rs 5 per share, capitalized at 10%, and has an 18% return on investment:
- Calculate the share price at a 25% dividend payout ratio using Walter’s model.
- Determine if this is the optimal payout ratio per Walter’s theory.
Ans 5.
Walter’s Model Calculation
Given Data:
- Earnings per share () = Rs 5
- Cost of equity capital () = 10% or 0.10
- Return on
- Differentiate between:
- Gross Working Capital and Net Working Capital.
- Permanent Working Capital and Temporary Working Capital.
Ans 6.
- Gross Working Capital vs. Net Working Capital
Gross Working Capital
Gross Working Capital refers to the total current assets of a company. Current assets include cash, accounts receivable, inventories, marketable securities, and other assets that can be converted into cash within a year. It represents the funds invested in short-term assets to ensure smooth operation
SESSION |
JUL/AUG 2024 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | III |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB2105 ADVERTISING AND SALES |
Assignment Set – 1
- Discuss the concept of advertising along with its five basic components. Throw some light on the history of the advertising.
Ans 1.
Concept of Advertising
Advertising is a form of communication used by businesses, organizations, or individuals to promote their products, services, ideas, or causes. It is a paid, non-personal method of conveying messages to a targeted audience through various media channels such as television, radio, newspapers, social media, and the internet. The primary goal of advertising is to inform, persuade, and remind consumers about the offerings of a brand, ultimately influencing their buying decisions. Effective advertising builds brand awareness, creates demand, and
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- Write a detailed note on Hierarchy-of-Effects model of advertising.
Ans 2.
Hierarchy-of-Effects Model of Advertising
The Hierarchy-of-Effects Model, introduced by Robert J. Lavidge and Gary A. Steiner in 1961, is a well-known framework in advertising that explains how advertising influences consumer behavior over time. This model describes the step-by-step process consumers go through, from becoming aware of a product to eventually making a purchase decision. It provides a structured approach to
- Discuss print advertising. Also, explain the characteristics of the press, include suitable examples to support your answer.
Ans 3.
Print Advertising
Print advertising is one of the oldest and most traditional forms of advertising that uses printed media such as newspapers, magazines, brochures, and flyers to promote products, services, or ideas. Despite the rise of digital advertising, print media remains a popular choice for its tangible nature and ability to reach specific target audiences. Businesses use print advertising to convey detailed messages, build brand
Assignment Set – 2
- Explain sales management strategies in detail, include the suitable examples to support your answer.
Ans 4.
Sales Management Strategies
Sales management strategies are structured approaches used by organizations to achieve their sales objectives effectively. These strategies ensure that sales processes are aligned with the company’s goals while optimizing resources and improving performance. Effective sales management involves
- Discuss the concepts of personal selling. Detail the objectives of personal selling.
Ans 5.
Concept of Personal Selling
Personal selling is a direct form of communication where a salesperson interacts with potential customers to promote and sell a product or service. Unlike mass advertising, personal selling involves one-on-one interaction, which allows for personalized attention, addressing specific customer needs, and building strong relationships. It is particularly effective for complex products that require detailed explanations or customized solutions, such as industrial equipment
- Write a detailed note on types of sales organization structures, include suitable examples to support your answer.
Ans 6.
Types of Sales Organization Structures
A sales organization structure refers to the framework used to organize a company’s sales efforts, ensuring that roles, responsibilities, and resources are allocated effectively to achieve business objectives. The structure determines how sales teams operate, report, and collaborate to meet organizational goals. Different types of sales organization structures are employed based on the company’s size
| SESSION | JULY-AUG 2024 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | IV |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB2201 BUSINESS STRATEGY |
Assignment Set – 1
- Explain the different types of business policies. Differentiate between business policy and strategy.
Ans 1.
Different Types of Business Policies
Business policies are guidelines established by an organization to direct its decisions and actions. These policies serve as a framework to ensure consistency, accountability, and alignment with organizational goals. The key types of business policies include:
General Policies: These are overarching principles that guide the overall functioning of an organization. They reflect the mission, vision, and values of the business and provide a basis for decision-making. Examples
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- Describe the tools and techniques that can be used to facilitate the strategic choice process.
Ans 2.
Tools and Techniques to Facilitate the Strategic Choice Process
The strategic choice process involves selecting the best course of action from several alternatives to achieve an organization’s goals. This process requires careful analysis and evaluation of options, taking into account internal capabilities and external factors. To facilitate effective decision-making,
- Write a short note on:
- Stability Strategy
- Retrenchment Strategy
Ans 3.
Stability Strategy
A stability strategy is a business approach where an organization focuses on maintaining its current operations and performance levels rather than pursuing aggressive growth or drastic changes. This strategy is typically adopted when a company operates in a stable and predictable environment, where significant market growth is unlikely, and the organization is satisfied with its
Assignment Set – 2
- There are different techniques for evaluation and control in strategic management. Discuss the above statement and explain the various techniques.
Ans 4.
Evaluation and control are critical components of strategic management, ensuring that an organization’s strategic objectives are met effectively and efficiently. These processes involve assessing the performance of implemented strategies, comparing outcomes with desired goals, and taking corrective actions when necessary. By using various evaluation and control techniques, organizations can monitor progress, identify deviations, and align operations with
- Define business process automation. Explain the factors to be considered for selecting automation software.
Ans 5.
Business Process Automation (BPA)
Business Process Automation (BPA) is the use of technology to execute recurring tasks or processes in an organization with minimal human intervention. BPA aims to streamline workflows, improve efficiency, reduce errors, and lower operational costs. It involves automating routine activities such as data entry, invoice processing, customer support, and supply chain management, allowing employees to focus on higher-value tasks. For example, automating payroll
- Explain the transactional and transformational leadership styles with examples.
Ans 6.
Transactional Leadership
Transactional leadership focuses on structured processes, defined roles, and clear expectations to achieve specific objectives. This leadership style is based on a system of rewards and punishments to motivate employees. Leaders establish performance goals, monitor progress, and reward employees for meeting or exceeding expectations. Conversely, they impose penalties or corrective measures for underperformance. This style is effective in stable environments
| SESSION | AUGUST- SEPTEMBER 2024 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | IV |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB2202 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM |
Assignment Set – 1
- Explain how MIS controls the Information in an organization.
Ans 1.
Management Information System (MIS) plays a pivotal role in controlling information within an organization by serving as a centralized framework for collecting, processing, storing, and distributing information essential for decision-making. It acts as a bridge between different departments, ensuring that relevant data is accessible to the right people at the right time, enhancing efficiency and productivity.
MIS controls information through systematic data collection from various sources, such as operational processes,
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- Explain the steps in the decision-making process in detail.
Ans 2.
The decision-making process is a systematic approach used by individuals and organizations to identify and choose the best course of action from several alternatives. This process is essential for solving problems, achieving goals, and ensuring effective management. Below are the detailed steps involved in the decision-making process:
- Identifying the
- Explain what is meant by BPR. What is its significance?
Ans 3.
BPR
Business Process Reengineering (BPR) is a management strategy that involves the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve substantial improvements in performance metrics such as cost, quality, speed, and customer satisfaction. Unlike traditional approaches that focus on incremental changes, BPR aims for transformative
Assignment Set – 2
- Explain the applications and systems used in e-communication.
Ans 4.
Applications and Systems Used in E-Communication
E-communication, or electronic communication, refers to the exchange of information using electronic systems and technologies. It has revolutionized the way individuals and organizations interact, offering faster, more efficient, and cost-effective communication solutions. Various applications and systems are employed in e-communication, each catering to different
- Explain different types of Decision Support Systems.
Ans 5.
Different Types of Decision Support Systems (DSS)
Decision Support Systems (DSS) are interactive software systems designed to assist decision-makers in analyzing data, evaluating options, and making informed decisions. DSS combines data, analytical tools, and models to support both structured and unstructured decision-making processes. There are
- Explain the various security hazards faced by an information system.
Ans 6.
Security Hazards Faced by an Information System
Information systems are essential for storing, processing, and transmitting data in organizations. However, they are vulnerable to numerous security hazards that can compromise data integrity, confidentiality, and availability. Understanding these threats is crucial for
| SESSION | JULY-AUGUST 2024 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | 4 |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB2203 MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING |
Assignment Set – 1
- What is material variance and its types? Explain each variance with examples and formulas.
Ans 1.
Material Variance and Its Types
Material variance refers to the difference between the standard cost of materials allowed for actual production and the actual cost incurred. It helps management analyze the efficiency and effectiveness of material procurement and usage in production. By identifying these variances, businesses can
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- What do you mean by Cash Flow Statement. How Cash Flow Statement is different from Fund flow Statement.
Ans 2.
Cash Flow Statement
A Cash Flow Statement is a financial report that provides information about a company’s cash inflows and outflows over a specific period. It helps stakeholders understand how a business generates and uses cash to operate, invest, and finance its activities. The statement categorizes cash flows into
- Prepare Flexible Budget at 50%, 70% and 90 % Capacity.
| Production at 50% Capacity | 5,000 Units |
| Raw Materials | Rs. 50 per unit |
| Direct Labor | Rs.40 per unit |
| Direct Expenses | Rs.20 per unit |
| Factory Expenses (Rent) | Rs.50,000 (Fixed) |
| Office Rent | Rs. 20,000 (Fixed) |
| Administration Expenses | Rs.60,000 (60 %Variable) |
| Distribution Expenses | Rs. 20,000 (40 % Variable) |
| Variable Factory Expenses | Rs. 10 per unit |
Ans 3.
Flexible Budget Preparation
To prepare a flexible budget at 50%, 70%, and 90% capacities, we follow these steps:
Step 1: Determine Units of Production
At 50% capacity, the production is 5,000 units. For 70% and 90%, production increases proportionally:
Assignment Set – 2
- Write a note on:
- Functions of Management Accounting
- Difference between Management accounting and Financial accounting
Ans 4.
- Functions of Management Accounting
Management accounting plays a pivotal role in supporting internal decision-making processes within an organization. Its primary function is to collect, analyze, and present financial and non-financial information to managers, enabling them to plan, control, and make informed decisions. One of its core functions is planning, where management accountants assist in setting short-term and long-term goals by preparing budgets and forecasts. These plans help organizations allocate resources efficiently and
- XYZ company expects the following net cash inflows for the next five years: Rs 20,000, Rs.25,000, Rs.30,000, Rs.35,000, and Rs.40,000 respectively from the Project. The initial investment of project is Rs.50,000.
Calculate:
- Payback period
- Post payback profitability
- Net present value when the discount rate is 10%.
Solution
Given the data:
- Initial Investment: ₹50,000
- Net Cash Inflows over 5 years: ₹20,000, ₹25,000, ₹30,000, ₹35,000, ₹40,000
- Discount Rate: 10%
a. Payback Period
The Payback
- Statement of Profit and Loss of XYZ Ltd.
| Particulars | 31st March 2023 | 31st March 2024 |
| I. Revenue from Operation (Sales) | 7,00,000 | 8,50,000 |
| II. Other Income | 30,000 | 30,000 |
| III. Total Revenue (I+II) | 7,30,000 | 8,80,000 |
| IV. Expenses | ||
| a. Material Consumed | 3,30,000 | 4,20,000 |
| b. Manufacturing Expenses | 1,20,000 | 1,30,000 |
| c. Other Expenses | 1,20,000 | 1,30,000 |
| Total | 5,70,000 | 6,80,000 |
| V. Profit Before Tax (III-IV) | 1,60,000 | 2,00,000 |
| VI. Tax @ 50% | 80,000 | 1,00,000 |
| VII. Profit After Tax (V-VI) | 80,000 | 1,00,000 |
Questions:
- Prepare a Common Size Statement of Profit and Loss.
- As a management accountant, write an interpretation of the Common Size Statement of Profit and Loss.
Ans 6.
Preparation of Common Size Statement of Profit and Loss
A Common Size Statement expresses each item in the profit and loss account as a percentage of total revenue. This approach helps analyze the proportional changes and compare financial performance over multiple years.
Steps to Prepare
| SESSION | JULY-AUGUST 2024 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | IV |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB2204 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE |
Assignment Set – 1
- Define Biosphere and Anthroposphere
Ans 1.
Biosphere
The biosphere refers to the layer of the Earth where life exists, encompassing all living organisms and their interactions with the physical environment. It includes all ecosystems on Earth, such as forests, oceans, grasslands, deserts, and even the atmosphere where airborne organisms are found. The biosphere integrates the three main components of the Earth’s environment: the
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- Describe Ecosystem values and services. List out reason for degradation of ecosystem
Ans 2.
Ecosystem Values and Services
Ecosystems are vital components of the Earth’s environment, providing a wide array of benefits known as ecosystem values and services. These services are categorized into four main types: provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting services. Together, they sustain life and contribute to human well-
- Explain in detail, different types of water contaminants. List out control measure for water contamination
Ans 3.
Different Types of Water Contaminants
Water contamination is a critical environmental issue caused by the presence of harmful substances in water bodies. Contaminants can originate from natural or human-made sources and affect the health of ecosystems and human populations. These contaminants are broadly categorized into physical,
Assignment Set – 2
- Define the various reasons for population growth and how it affects our environment
Ans 4.
Reasons for Population Growth
Population growth is driven by several factors, which can vary across regions and societies. These factors are primarily linked to improvements in living standards, cultural norms, and economic conditions.
- Decline in
- Explain the classification of solid waste. Come up with a plan on disposal methods and its effects
Ans 5.
- Classification of Solid Waste
Solid waste is classified into various categories based on its origin, composition, and potential for reuse or recycling. These categories help in devising appropriate management and disposal strategies.
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW):
- Write a short note on climate change. Also discuss the causes of global warming. 5 + 5
Ans 6.
Climate Change
Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperature, weather patterns, and other atmospheric conditions on Earth. These changes are primarily driven by human activities, although natural processes like volcanic eruptions and solar variations also contribute. Climate change manifests in rising global temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, melting glaciers, rising sea levels,
| SESSION | SEPTEMBER 2024 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELORS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | 4 |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB2206 RURAL MARKETING |
Assignment Set – 1
- Explain the factors contributing to the growth of rural markets.
Ans 1.
Factors Contributing to the Growth of Rural Markets
Rural markets have witnessed significant growth in recent years, driven by a combination of demographic, economic, and technological factors. These markets are no longer confined to traditional patterns of buying and selling but have transformed into vibrant centers of economic activity. Below are the key factors contributing to the growth of rural markets:
Increasing Rural
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- Differentiate between rural and urban markets. Explain the concept of E – rural market.
Ans 2.
Differences Between Rural and Urban Markets
Rural and urban markets differ significantly due to the distinct socio-economic, cultural, and infrastructural characteristics of their respective populations. These differences influence consumer behavior, purchasing power, and marketing strategies.
Key Differences Between Rural and
- Describe any two present day models of consumer behavior.
Ans 3.
The Howard-Sheth Model of Consumer Behavior
The Howard-Sheth Model is a widely recognized framework that seeks to explain the decision-making process of consumers, especially in the context of complex buying behavior. It is particularly relevant for high-involvement purchases where consumers invest significant time and effort. This model identifies three main components: inputs, processes, and outputs.
The input variables include
Assignment Set – 2
- Explain the factors to be considered while designing rural distribution strategies. Explain any three rural India’s distribution channel.
Ans 4.
Factors to Be Considered While Designing Rural Distribution Strategies
Designing effective rural distribution strategies requires a deep understanding of the unique challenges and characteristics of rural markets. The following factors must be considered:
Geographic Spread and
- Explain the term scientific marketing. Describe a few characteristics of scientific marketing.
Ans 5.
Scientific Marketing
Scientific marketing refers to a systematic, data-driven approach to understanding and influencing consumer behavior. Unlike traditional marketing, which often relies on intuition or experience, scientific marketing uses empirical data, research, and analytical tools to develop strategies that
- Explain the concept of E rural marketing. Describe a few pitfalls and difficulties associated with e-rural marketing.
Ans 6.
Concept of E-Rural Marketing
E-rural marketing refers to the application of digital technologies and e-commerce platforms to connect rural consumers and producers with larger markets. It involves leveraging the internet, mobile networks, and digital tools to distribute products, provide services, and facilitate transactions in rural areas. E-rural marketing bridges the gap between rural and urban markets by overcoming traditional logistical and communication barriers, enabling rural consumers to access a broader range
| SESSION | SEPTEMBER 2024 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | IV |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB2205 INTERNATIONAL MARKETING |
Assignment Set – 1
- What is International Marketing? Differentiate it with Domestic Marketing. 4+6
Ans 1.
International Marketing: Definition and Explanation
International marketing refers to the practice of promoting and selling goods and services in multiple countries, beyond the borders of the domestic market. It involves the planning, pricing, distribution, and promotion of products on a global scale, taking into account the diversity of cultures, economic conditions, laws, and consumer behaviors in different regions. Unlike domestic marketing, which targets a single nation’s market, international marketing requires businesses to navigate a complex and dynamic global environment to
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- Write a detailed note on Political & Legal Environment and its importance in International Marketing.
Ans 2.
The political and legal environment plays a critical role in international marketing, shaping the opportunities and challenges that businesses face when operating in global markets. This environment encompasses the political stability, governmental policies, and legal frameworks of the countries where a business seeks to market its products or services. Understanding these factors is essential for the success of international marketing efforts, as they directly influence market entry strategies, operations, and long-
- Discuss and compare Theory of “Absolute Advantage” with “Comparative Advantage”. 5+5
Ans 3.
The theories of “Absolute Advantage” and “Comparative Advantage” are foundational concepts in international economics that explain the rationale for trade between nations. Both theories illustrate how countries
Assignment Set – 2
- With the help of suitable example, discuss the process of Global Product Planning. 10
Ans 4.
Global Product Planning: A Strategic Process
Global product planning involves developing and marketing products that meet the diverse needs of international markets while aligning with a company’s global objectives. The process ensures that products cater to cultural, economic, and regulatory differences in target markets, enabling businesses to succeed globally. Here is a concise overview of the steps involved:
Market Research and
- What are the advantages and disadvantages of exporting? Discuss in detail. 5+5
Ans 5.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Exporting
Exporting is one of the most common modes of entering international markets. It involves selling goods or services produced in one country to customers in another. While it offers significant opportunities for business growth and profitability, exporting also comes with challenges. Below is a detailed discussion of its
- As International Firm, how you will set prices of your Products? Explain with the help of suitable example.
Ans 6.
Setting prices for products in international markets is a complex process that involves careful consideration of various factors to ensure competitiveness, profitability, and market acceptance. Unlike domestic pricing, international pricing must address diverse challenges such as varying economic conditions, local competition, exchange rate fluctuations, and government regulations. An effective pricing strategy enables firms to penetrate new markets while maintaining their global brand identity.