| SESSION | FEB-MARCH 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | II |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DMBA207 PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. Briefly explain any two steps involved in increasing labour productivity. What is benchmarking? Explain the steps of benchmarking.
Ans 1.
Steps Involved in Increasing Labour Productivity
Labour productivity is a measure of the output produced per unit of labor input. It is a key performance indicator in manufacturing and service sectors, directly impacting operational efficiency and profitability. Improving labor productivity involves optimizing worker performance and creating a conducive work environment. Two effective steps to increase labor productivity are:
- Training and Skill
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Q2. What do manufacturing industries adopt the types of production systems? Explain manufacturing strategies that a firm can apply to meet the operations strategy. What are the factors to be considered when selecting a forecasting method? Explain briefly
Ans 2.
Reasons for Adopting Types of Production Systems
Manufacturing industries adopt different types of production systems based on their product nature, customer demand, volume, and cost constraints. The most common production systems include job production, batch production, and mass/continuous production. The choice of system affects the entire production strategy, including layout, workflow, inventory, and
Q3. What is process layout? Explain with an example. Explain the important factors that improve product quality. 10
Ans 3.
Meaning of Process Layout
A process layout, also known as a functional layout, is a type of facility layout in which similar machines or functions are grouped together in departments or areas. This layout is commonly used in job-shop or batch production systems where products undergo various customized processes. It is best suited for businesses that manufacture products in small quantities with varying
Assignment Set – 2
- What is logical process modelling of business? Explain briefly. Discuss project management philosophy
Ans 4.
Meaning of Logical Process Modelling of Business
Logical process modelling is a technique used in business analysis to represent the sequence and flow of business processes in a systematic, abstract way. It focuses on what happens in a process rather than how it is executed physically. The purpose of logical process modelling is to create a clear, technology-independent map of business operations that can be analyzed, improved, or
- How do you control quality during project implementation? What is the Bullwhip Effect in Supply Chain Management, and how can it be prevented?
Ans 5.
Controlling Quality During Project Implementation
Controlling quality during project implementation involves systematic planning, monitoring, and corrective actions to ensure that project deliverables meet the required standards. Quality control is vital for maintaining customer satisfaction, avoiding rework, and ensuring cost-effectiveness. Several tools and practices are employed during the implementation phase to control quality:
- Setting Quality
Q6. What is Value Analysis? What are the steps involved in Value Analysis? Write a short note on total productive maintenance.
Ans 6.
Meaning of Value Analysis
Value Analysis (VA) is a systematic approach used to improve the value of a product or service by examining its functions, design, materials, and processes. The aim is to reduce cost without compromising on quality, performance, or customer satisfaction. It involves assessing each component of the product to ensure that it contributes effectively to its intended function at the lowest possible cost.
VA is typically applied
| SESSION | FEB-MARCH 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | II |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DMBA208 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. Explain in detail the theory of the MM approach to capital structure in the presence and absence of taxes.
Ans 1.
Introduction to MM Approach
The Modigliani and Miller (MM) approach to capital structure is a foundational theory in corporate finance, developed by Franco Modigliani and Merton Miller in 1958. It focuses on the relationship between a firm’s value and its capital structure—the proportion of debt and equity used to finance the firm. According to MM, under certain conditions, the capital structure of a firm is irrelevant to its overall value. The theory was introduced in two propositions: one without taxes
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Q2. Describe the sources of Finance in detail.
Ans 2.
Introduction to Sources of Finance
Sources of finance refer to the various channels through which a business raises funds to meet its short-term and long-term operational and strategic needs. Depending on the nature, size, and objectives of the business, companies may opt for internal or external sources of finance. These sources are critical for funding working capital, expansion, innovation, and debt repayme
Q3. Given below is the data of two companies:
| Particulars | A Ltd. | B Ltd. |
| Sales | 400000 | 350000 |
| Variable cost | 40% of sales | 40% of sales |
| Fixed Cost | 25000 | 30000 |
| Interest | 140000 | 80000 |
Calculate the operating leverage, financial leverage and Combined leverage of both companies 4+4+2
Ans 3.
To calculate the Operating Leverage (OL), Financial Leverage (FL), and Combined Leverage (CL) for both companies, we will use the following formulas and solve step by step.
Step 1: Key Formulas Used
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. Subhashish Ltd. is deciding about purchasing a Machine X. Following is the cash flow information available in this regard to the purchase of Machine X:
| Years | Anticipated Cash flows | Discount factor@10% |
| 1 | 150000 | 0.909 |
| 2 | 180000 | 0.826 |
| 3 | 1375000 | 0.751 |
| 4 | 962000 | 0.683 |
| 5 | 412000 | 0.621 |
Based on the above information, calculate Net Present Value (NPV) and comment on whether the company should purchase Machine X with a discount factor@10%. The purchase cost of the machine is Rs.17,18,750 and has an anticipated life of 5 years. 8+2
Ans 4.
Given Data:
- Purchase Cost of Machine X = ₹17,18,750
- Discount Rate = 10%
- Life of Machine = 5 Years
- Anticipated Cash Flows and Discount Factors:
Q5. Enumerate the factors affecting the receivables of the firm. Also, discuss the important components of credit policy variables that a company needs to consider while strategizing on receivables management. 5+5
Ans 5.
Factors Affecting the Receivables of a Firm
Receivables are the outstanding amounts due from customers to whom goods or services have been sold on credit. Effective management of receivables is critical for ensuring healthy cash flow and working capital efficiency. Several factors influence the level and behavior of receivables in a firm.
- Nature of
Q6. A. Calculate the economic order quantity for material X and the number of orders placed in a year. The following details are furnished:
Annual usage: 90000 units
Buying cost per order = Rs. 10
Cost of carrying inventory = 10% of cost
Cost per unit= Rs.50
- “Risk and uncertainty are quite inherent in capital budgeting decisions,” Discuss
2.5+2.5+5
Ans 6a.
Given Data:
- Annual Usage (D) = 90,000 units
- Ordering Cost per Order (S) = ₹10
- Cost per Unit = ₹50
- Carrying Cost = 10
| SESSION | FEB-MARCH 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | 2 |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DMBA209 MARKETING MANAGEMENT |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1 Explain the consumer buying process for a product. 10
Ans 1.
Introduction to Consumer Buying Process
The consumer buying process is a systematic series of steps that an individual follows while making a purchase decision. It includes mental and emotional stages that guide a consumer from realizing a need to post-purchase behavior. Understanding this process helps marketers craft better strategies for influencing and converting potential buyers.
- Need
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Q2 Explain the stages of the Product Life Cycle. 10
Ans 2.
Introduction to Product Life Cycle (PLC)
The Product Life Cycle (PLC) refers to the stages that a product goes through from its introduction in the market to its eventual decline and withdrawal. It helps marketers plan strategies according to the life stage of the product. The four main stages are: Introduction, Growth, Maturity, and Decline. Some models also include a fifth stage called Development.
- Introduction Stage
This is the launch
Q3 Analyse the different bases for segmenting consumer markets 10
Ans 3.
Introduction to Market Segmentation
Market segmentation refers to the process of dividing a large, diverse consumer market into smaller groups with similar characteristics, needs, or behaviors. It enables businesses to tailor marketing strategies to meet the specific needs of each segment, thereby improving customer satisfaction and business performance. Effective segmentation helps companies focus their resources efficiently and
Assignment Set – 2
Q4 Discuss the various kinds of pricing strategies. 10
Ans 4.
Introduction to Pricing Strategies
Pricing strategy is a critical element of the marketing mix and directly influences a company’s revenue and market positioning. A well-chosen pricing strategy balances customer expectations, competitive dynamics, product value, and profitability. Different strategies are applied based on business goals, target market, and product lifecycle stage.
Penetration Pricing
Penetration pricing
Q5 Explain the communication development process in detail in IMC. 10
Ans 5.
Introduction to IMC Communication Development
Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) refers to the coordination of various promotional tools and communication channels to deliver a consistent and clear message to the target audience. The communication development process in IMC ensures that all marketing messages across platforms are aligned with the brand’s values, goals, and consumer
Q6 Discuss in detail the channel management strategy. 10
Ans 6.
Introduction to Channel Management Strategy
Channel management strategy involves the selection, development, and supervision of marketing channels through which products and services reach the end consumers. Effective channel management ensures product availability, enhances customer satisfaction, reduces distribution costs, and maintains strong relationships between manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, and
| SESSION | FEB-MARCH 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | II |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DMBA210 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. Discuss the history of Computing.
Ans 1.
Introduction to Computing History
The history of computing is a fascinating journey from simple manual tools to today’s advanced digital systems. Computing has evolved through various phases, starting from primitive counting aids to the complex and intelligent machines we use today. This evolution reflects humanity’s constant desire to improve accuracy, speed, and efficiency in processing data
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Q2. What is IT interaction model? Explain.
Ans 2.
Introduction to IT Interaction Model
The Information Technology (IT) Interaction Model illustrates how various components of a computing system interact to support business processes, decision-making, and data management. It acts as a conceptual framework to understand how users, technology, and systems communicate and function together to create value within an organization.
Definition of IT Interaction Model
An IT interaction model
Q3. How are management information systems different from transaction processing systems?
Ans 3.
Introduction
In any organization, information systems are essential for handling data and supporting decision-making. Among these, Management Information Systems (MIS) and Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) serve distinct yet complementary functions. While both are crucial for organizational efficiency, their purposes, functionalities, and user base are significantly different.
Definition of Transaction
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. What are the different ways of making online payments? Explain
Ans 4.
Introduction
With the rise of e-commerce and digital services, online payments have become a cornerstone of modern transactions. They offer speed, convenience, and security, enabling individuals and businesses to make financial transactions without physical contact. There are multiple methods to make online payments, each catering to different user needs and technologies.
- Credit and Debit
Q5. What facilities could an organisation have from a ‘Customer Relationship Management System’?
Ans 5.
Introduction to CRM Systems
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems have become a vital part of modern businesses. These software solutions are designed to manage a company’s interactions with current and potential customers. CRM systems use data analytics and automation to help companies improve customer
Q6. Why is vendor management important? What are the key issues to consider when managing vendors carefully? 3+7
Ans 6.
Vendor Management
Vendor management refers to the process of overseeing and coordinating relationships with third-party suppliers who provide goods or services to an organization. Effective vendor management ensures quality, cost-efficiency, timely delivery, and compliance with contractual terms. It is a crucial aspect of operations and supply chain success.
Importance of Vendor
| SESSION | FEB-MARCH 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | II |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DMBA211 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. Discuss the meaning and importance of a hypothesis. Explain the process of research.
Ans 1.
Meaning of Hypothesis
A hypothesis is a tentative statement or assumption about the relationship between two or more variables that can be tested through scientific investigation. It serves as a foundation for any research study, guiding the direction of data collection and analysis. Hypotheses are usually derived from existing theories, previous research, or observations. They can be formulated as either null hypotheses (H0), which state no relationship exists, or alternative hypotheses (H1), which
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Q2. Explain the classification of a Research Design. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of secondary data 5+5
Ans 2.
Classification of Research Design
Research design is a blueprint for conducting research, outlining procedures for data collection, measurement, and analysis. It helps ensure that the evidence collected addresses the research problem effectively. Research designs can be broadly classified into the following types:
- Exploratory Research Design: This is used when the research problem is not well defined. It aims to
Q3. Explain various types of measurement scales. Elucidate the process of questionnaire design. 5+5
Ans 3.
Types of Measurement Scales
Measurement scales are the tools used in research to assign numbers or labels to variables for the purpose of data analysis. There are four primary types of measurement scales in research:
- Nominal Scale
The nominal scale is the most basic form of measurement. It is used to label variables without providing any quantitative value. Data is categorized but not ordered. Examples include gender (male/female
Assignment Set – 2
- Explain the coding of quantitative and qualitative data. Differentiate between Descriptive and Inferential Analysis 5+5
Ans 4.
Coding of Quantitative and Qualitative Data
In research, coding is the process of transforming collected data into a structured format suitable for analysis. It is essential for both quantitative and qualitative research, although the methods differ based on the nature of data.
Coding of Quantitative Data
Quantitative data refers to numeric data that can be statistically analyzed. Coding quantitative data involves
Q5. What is a Chi-Square Test? Discuss the steps involved in hypothesis testing.
Ans 5.
Meaning of Chi-Square Test
The Chi-Square (χ²) test is a non-parametric statistical method used to determine whether there is a significant association between two categorical variables. It assesses the difference between observed frequencies and expected frequencies in a contingency table. The test is particularly useful in survey
Q6. Discuss the responsibility of a researcher. Explain the guidelines for presenting tabular data in a research report.
Ans 6.
Responsibility of a Researcher
A researcher plays a crucial role in the pursuit of knowledge and has ethical, professional, and academic responsibilities throughout the research process. These responsibilities ensure that the research is valid, reliable, and ethically sound.
- Ethical Integrity
Researchers must uphold honesty and integrity while conducting research. They should avoid fabrication, falsification
| SESSION | FEB-MARCH 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | II |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DMBA212 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS POLICY |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. Strategic management is crucial for the long-term success of any organization. Discuss the concept of strategic management and its importance in achieving organizational goals. 10
Ans 1.
Concept of Strategic Management
Strategic management is a comprehensive and continuous process that involves the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of strategies to achieve long-term organizational objectives. It includes analyzing internal and external environments, setting goals, developing policies, and allocating resources to ensure that the company maintains a competitive edge. Strategic management aligns the organization’s vision and mission with actionable plans, guiding it through a dynamic
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Q2. What are Porter’s Generic Strategies, and how do companies use them to compete in the market? 10
Ans 2.
Introduction to Porter’s Generic Strategies
Michael E. Porter, a renowned economist and professor at Harvard Business School, introduced the concept of Generic Strategies to explain how businesses can achieve and sustain competitive advantage. According to Porter, firms must adopt one of three broad strategies—Cost Leadership, Differentiation, or Focus—to effectively compete in their industry. These strategies help businesses position themselves in a way that creates value for customers and shields them from competitive forces.
Cost Leadership Strategy
Q3. Explain the Strategic Management Model and discuss its importance in the strategic planning process. 10
Ans 3.
Introduction to the Strategic Management Model
The strategic management model provides a structured framework that organizations use to identify their long-term goals, analyze their internal and external environments, formulate strategies, implement them, and monitor outcomes. It serves as a guide for decision-making and aligns the organization’s resources and actions with its mission and vision. The model is dynamic and iterative, allowing companies to adapt to changing environments and improve strategic performance ov
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. Strategic alliances are key to business growth in a competitive environment. Discuss.
Ans 4.
Introduction to Strategic Alliances
A strategic alliance is a formal partnership between two or more companies to pursue mutually beneficial objectives while remaining independent entities. These alliances allow firms to combine resources, capabilities, or technologies without the need for a merger or acquisition. In today’s rapidly changing and competitive business environment, strategic alliances have emerged as
Q5. Discuss the importance and key elements of a Business Continuity Plan (BCP).
Ans 5.
Importance of Business Continuity Plan (BCP)
A Business Continuity Plan (BCP) is a strategic document that outlines how an organization will continue its essential operations during and after unexpected disruptions such as natural disasters, cyberattacks, pandemics, or system failures. The importance of a BCP lies in its ability to safeguard business operations, protect stakeholders, and reduce financial losses during crises. In
- Explain the different Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) models with relevant examples.
Ans 6.
Introduction to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers to a company’s commitment to operate in an economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable manner while recognizing the interests of its stakeholders. CSR involves going beyond profit motives to address ethical practices, community development, and environmental protection. Various models guide organizations in implementin
| SESSION | FEB-MARCH 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | II |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DMBA 213 SELF-DEVELOPMENT AND PERSONAL GROWTH |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1 Define Managerial Skills and explain their importance. What are the key types of managerial skills required at various levels of management? 2+5+3
Ans 1.
Definition of Managerial Skills
Managerial skills are the abilities or competencies that an individual requires to perform managerial duties effectively. These skills enable a manager to plan, lead, organize, and control activities within an organization. They are essential for managing teams, coordinating with departments, and ensuring that the organization achieves its goals efficiently.
Managerial skills are not innate
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Q2 What is assertive communication? Explain in detail the essential skills required for assertive communication. 2+8
Ans 2.
Definition of Assertive Communication
Assertive communication is a style of communication in which individuals express their thoughts, feelings, and needs openly, honestly, and respectfully. It strikes a balance between passive communication (not expressing one’s needs) and aggressive communication (expressing needs disrespectfully).
An assertive communicator maintains self-confidence, sets boundaries, and advocates for themselves while
Q3 What is the meaning of resiliency? Bring out the components of resiliency. Explain the key aspects of resiliency development. 1+3+6
Ans 3.
Meaning of Resiliency
Resiliency refers to the ability of an individual to recover quickly from adversity, setbacks, stress, or traumatic experiences. It is the psychological strength that enables a person to bounce back from difficult situations and continue functioning effectively. Resiliency is not about avoiding hardship but
Assignment Set – 2
Q4 Define a conflict. Bring out the four primary sources of conflict. Explain five conflict management approaches. 1+4+5
Ans 4.
Definition of Conflict
Conflict is a situation where two or more individuals or groups perceive a difference in opinions, goals, interests, or values that may lead to disagreement or opposition. Conflicts are a natural part of human interaction and can arise in both personal and professional settings. While conflict may sometimes be disruptive, it can also lead to innovation, better decision-making, and improved
Q5 Explain the different types of speeches along with an example. 5+5
Ans 5.
Introduction to Types of Speeches
A speech is a formal or informal verbal communication delivered to an audience with a specific purpose such as to inform, persuade, entertain, or inspire. The type of speech depends on the objective,
Q6 What is negotiation? Bring out the key elements of good negotiation and explain the negotiation process. 1+5+4
Ans 6.
Meaning of Negotiation
Negotiation is a structured discussion between two or more parties aimed at reaching an agreement that satisfies the interests of all involved. It involves mutual communication, compromise, and decision-making. Negotiation plays a crucial role in resolving conflicts, making deals, and building long-term relationships in both personal and professional settings.
Key Elements of Good