| SESSION | APRIL 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MCA |
| SEMESTER | I |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DCA6107 FUNDAMENTALS OF MATHEMATICS |
SET-I
- If , show that
Ans 1.
Step 1: Understanding the Function
We are given:
This is an exponential function, where the base is Euler’s number — a fundamental constant in mathematics.
Step 2: Differentiating
- write
Ans 2.
Term 1:
We recall a standard
Its Half solved only
Buy Complete from our online store
https://smuassignment.in/online-store/
MUJ Fully solved assignment available for session Jan-Feb-March-April 2025.
Lowest price guarantee with quality.
Charges INR 198 only per assignment. For more information you can get via mail or Whats app also
Mail id is aapkieducation@gmail.com
Our website www.smuassignment.in
After mail, we will reply you instant or maximum
1 hour.
Otherwise you can also contact on our
whatsapp no 8791490301.
- Find all the second order derivatives for .
Ans 3.
Step 1: First Order Partial Derivatives
Partial derivative with respect to x:
- Derivative of
SET-II
- Given , , , find the magnitude of: (i) (ii) (iii)
Ans 4.
We are to find:
(i) Magnitude of
Formula for magnitude:
For
- Find the value of (All angles are in degrees)
Ans 5.
Step 1: Recall Trigonometric Values
| Function | Value |
- If , prove that
Ans 6.
In this problem, the complex number expression under the square root simplifies into another complex number. By taking the modulus on both sides, we eliminate the imaginary component and work only with real positive
| SESSION | APRIL 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (MCA) |
| SEMESTER | I |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DCA6108 DISCRETE MATHEMATICS & GRAPH THEORY |
SET – I
- Find the inverse of the matrix
using the adjoint method.
Ans 1.
Inverse of a Matrix Using Adjoint Method
We are given the matrix:
Step 1: Find the Determinant of A (|A|)
Using cofactor expansion (along the first row):
Its Half solved only
Buy Complete from our online store
https://smuassignment.in/online-store/
MUJ Fully solved assignment available for session Jan-Feb-March-April 2025.
Lowest price guarantee with quality.
Charges INR 198 only per assignment. For more information you can get via mail or Whats app also
Mail id is aapkieducation@gmail.com
Our website www.smuassignment.in
After mail, we will reply you instant or maximum
1 hour.
Otherwise you can also contact on our
whatsapp no 8791490301.
- Find the solution to the following system using elimination:
Ans 2.
Solving System of Equations Using Elimination Method
Given system:
Step 1: Eliminate x from Equations (1) and (3)
- Let . If , find the composition , also check the bijective-ness of mappings. Marks:
Ans 3.
Function Composition and Bijective Nature
Given:
- Sets: (Set of integers)
- Functions:
- Verify that
Ans 4.
Propositional Logic Verification
We are given a proposition:
and asked to verify whether it is always true (i.
- The table shows the height distribution (in cm) of students in a school:
| Height (cm) | Frequency |
| 140 – 150 | 5 |
| 150 – 160 | 12 |
| 160 – 170 | 17 |
| 170 – 180 | 8 |
| 180 – 190 | 5 |
Find the median height of the students.
Ans 5.
Median of Height Distribution
Given table:
| Height (cm) | Frequency (f) |
- Explain the Degree in Directed Graph.
Ans 6.
Degree in Directed Graph
Definition of Degree in Directed Graphs
In graph theory, a directed graph (digraph) is a set of vertices connected by directed edges (arcs). Each edge has a direction, meaning it goes from one vertex to another.
In a directed graph, each vertex has two degrees:
- In-degree (deg⁻):
| SESSION | APRIL 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER of CoMPUTER APPLICATIONS (MCA) |
| SEMESTER | 1 |
| course CODE & NAME | DCA6109 PYTHON PROGRAMMING |
SET-I
1.a) Discuss differences between implicit and explicit type conversion with example.
- b) What are the potential risks of not properly closing a file after operations are completed?
Ans 1.
Differences Between Implicit and Explicit Type Conversion and Risks of Not Closing Files Properly
Implicit vs. Explicit Type Conversion in Python
In Python programming, type conversion refers to the process of converting one data type into another. This conversion can be done either implicitly or explicitly. Implicit type conversion, also known as type coercion, is automatically performed by the Python interpreter. It occurs when the interpreter promotes one data type to another to avoid data loss. For example, if you add an integer and a float, Python automatically converts the integer to a float before performing the operation. Consider the
Its Half solved only
Buy Complete from our online store
https://smuassignment.in/online-store/
MUJ Fully solved assignment available for session Jan-Feb-March-April 2025.
Lowest price guarantee with quality.
Charges INR 198 only per assignment. For more information you can get via mail or Whats app also
Mail id is aapkieducation@gmail.com
Our website www.smuassignment.in
After mail, we will reply you instant or maximum
1 hour.
Otherwise you can also contact on our
whatsapp no 8791490301.
2.a) What is list? Explain insert(), append() and extend() methods with example.
- b) Explain the use of following string functions: – upper(), lower(), isdigit(), isalpha(), split(), join() with example.
Ans 2.
List and Its Methods: insert(), append(), and extend()
In Python, a list is a built-in data type used to store a collection of items in a single variable. Lists are mutable, meaning their contents can be changed after creation. Lists are ordered, allowing access through indexing, and can contain elements of any data type—integers, strings, floats, or even other lists. Lists are
3.a) Why is exception handling important? How do you handle multiple exceptions in python? Explain with example.
- b) Discuss different types of methods used for reading data from file.
Ans 3.
Importance of Exception Handling and Handling Multiple Exceptions in Python
Exception handling is a critical feature in Python that ensures programs can manage errors gracefully without crashing unexpectedly. Errors during program execution, such as dividing by zero, accessing an invalid index, or opening a non-existent file, can disrupt the normal flow of a program. Instead of allowing the program to terminate abruptly, exception handling allows the programmer to intercept these errors and provide appropriate responses or fallback options. This not only improves user
SET-II
4.a) What are view functions in flask? Explain static and dynamic routes in detail.
- b) Write a regular expression for validating Indian mobile numbers entered by users. (+91 XXXXXXXXXX)
Ans 4.
View Functions in Flask and Routing Mechanisms
In Flask, a view function is a Python function associated with a specific URL route. When a user visits a particular URL in a web browser, Flask calls the corresponding view function to generate the response. View functions are defined using the @app.route() decorator, which maps the URL to the function. The purpose of a view function is to handle HTTP requests and return responses, such as HTML content
5.a) Explain role of game loops and event handling in game development.
- b) What are transactions? Explain importance of SAVEPOINT in transaction failure.
Ans 5.
- a) Role of Game Loops and Event Handling in Game Development
In game development, the game loop is the central component that keeps the game running smoothly. It is responsible for continuously updating the game’s state and rendering it to the screen. The loop executes many times per second (commonly 30 to 60 frames per second) and ensures that gameplay, animations, and interactions occur in real-time. The basic structure of a game loop involves checking for user input (event handling), updating game objects (like characters or scores),
- a) Explain the significance of PEP8 guidelines in Python development.
- b) What do you understand by Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) in the context of Python applications?
Ans 6.
- a) Significance of PEP8 Guidelines in Python Development
PEP8 is the official Python Enhancement Proposal that provides style guidelines for writing clean, readable, and maintainable Python code. It plays a crucial role in ensuring uniformity in Python development across projects and teams. Following PEP8 helps avoid confusion, reduce bugs, and improve collaboration, especially in larger teams or open-source projects.
Key PEP8 conventions include using 4 spaces for indentation, limiting lines to 79 characters, adding whitespace
| SESSION | APRIL 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (MCA) |
| SEMESTER | I |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DCA6110 |
Set-I
- Discuss about the following operators in C language with example.
- Bitwise operators
- Increment and decrement operators
- Logical operators 4+3+3
Ans 1.
Operators in C Language
- Bitwise Operators
Bitwise operators in C are used to perform operations at the binary level. These operators operate on the individual bits of integer data types and are commonly used in system-level programming and embedded systems. The key bitwise operators include AND (&), OR (|), XOR (^), NOT (~), left shift (<<), and right shift
Its Half solved only
Buy Complete from our online store
https://smuassignment.in/online-store/
MUJ Fully solved assignment available for session Jan-Feb-March-April 2025.
Lowest price guarantee with quality.
Charges INR 198 only per assignment. For more information you can get via mail or Whats app also
Mail id is aapkieducation@gmail.com
Our website www.smuassignment.in
After mail, we will reply you instant or maximum
1 hour.
Otherwise you can also contact on our
whatsapp no 8791490301.
- Explain the various decision control statements used in C programming, with syntax and suitable examples.
Ans 2.
Decision Control Statements in C
If Statement
The if statement is the simplest decision control structure in C. It executes a block of code only if a specified condition evaluates to true. If the condition is false, the block is skipped.
Example:
int age = 20;
if (age >= 18) {
printf(“You are eligible to vote.”);
}
If-Else Statement
The if-
- Explain the concept of functions in C programming. Differentiate between library functions and user-defined functions with examples. 2+8
Ans 3.
Functions in C Programming
Concept of Functions in C
Functions in C programming are blocks of code that perform specific tasks and can be called multiple times within a program. They are essential for organizing and structuring code in a modular fashion, enhancing readability, reusability, and maintainability. Functions help break down complex problems into smaller, manageable sub-tasks. Each function can accept inputs, process them, and return a result. In C, a function is defined with a return type, a name, parameters (if any),
Set-II
- Explain the concept of arrays in C programming. How are arrays declared and initialized? Discuss with examples. 2+3+5
Ans 4.
Arrays in C Programming
Concept of Arrays in C
An array in C programming is a collection of elements of the same data type stored in contiguous memory locations. It allows the programmer to store and manipulate multiple values using a single variable name, which is especially useful when working with large amounts of data. Each element in an array is accessed by an index, starting from 0. Arrays simplify the process of managing related data elements and are essential for loops and data structure implementations.
Declaration of Arrays
Declaring an
- Explain malloc(), calloc(), realloc() and free() with an example for each. 10
Ans 5.
Dynamic Memory Functions in C
malloc() Function
The malloc() function in C is used to dynamically allocate a block of memory during program execution. It stands for “memory allocation” and returns a void pointer to the first byte of the allocated memory. The size of memory to be allocated is specified in bytes. The memory allocated using malloc() contains garbage values and must be typecast to the appropriate pointer typ
- Explain the purpose of graphics.h in C. Write a program to draw a line, circle, and rectangle using in-built graphics functions. 2+8
Ans 6.
Purpose of graphics.h and Drawing Functions in C
Purpose of graphics.h in C
The graphics.h header file in C provides access to in-built functions that enable drawing shapes and visual output on screen. It is primarily used in the Turbo C/C++ environment, which supports BGI (Borland Graphics Interface). The library contains functions to draw lines, circles, rectangles, arcs, and other graphical elements. The purpose of using graphics.h is to enhance the visual appearance of a program, simulate animations, or create GUI-based applications in DOS-based systems.
Although outdated for modern environments, graphics.h is still used in academic learning to demonstrate basic graphics programming concepts such as coordinate systems, color, and rendering
| SESSION | APRIL 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (MCA) |
| SEMESTER | 1 |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DCA6111 RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM |
Set – I
- What is fourth normal form and fifth normal form? Explain with an example. 5+5
Ans 1.
Fourth Normal Form (4NF) and Fifth Normal Form (5NF)
Fourth Normal Form (4NF)
The Fourth Normal Form (4NF) is an advanced level of database normalization that deals with multi-valued dependencies. A table is in 4NF if it is in Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) and has no multi-valued dependencies. A multi-valued dependency occurs when one attribute in a table determines multiple independent values of another attribute. This kind of dependency can lead to
Its Half solved only
Buy Complete from our online store
https://smuassignment.in/online-store/
MUJ Fully solved assignment available for session Jan-Feb-March-April 2025.
Lowest price guarantee with quality.
Charges INR 198 only per assignment. For more information you can get via mail or Whats app also
Mail id is aapkieducation@gmail.com
Our website www.smuassignment.in
After mail, we will reply you instant or maximum
1 hour.
Otherwise you can also contact on our
whatsapp no 8791490301.
- What do you mean by Keys in DBMS? What are the different keys in DBMS? Explain by giving example. 5+5
Ans 2.
Keys in DBMS and Their Types with Examples
Concept of Keys in DBMS
In a Database Management System (DBMS), a key is a set of one or more attributes that uniquely identify a record in a table. Keys are crucial for maintaining data integrity, enforcing entity relationships, and enabling efficient retrieval of records. They ensure that no two rows in a table are identical in terms of key values. Without keys, relational databases would not be able to properly enforce
- Explain the various types of databases anomalies. Explain by giving suitable example.
Ans 3.
Types of Database Anomalies with Examples
Introduction to Database Anomalies
Database anomalies are problems that arise when a database is poorly designed, often due to redundancy and improper normalization. These anomalies compromise data integrity, lead to inconsistent information, and create inefficiencies in storing and managing data. The three most common types of
Set – II
- What are the three machine architectures upon which parallel DBMS run?(unit10)
Ans 4.
Machine Architectures for Parallel DBMS
Parallel DBMS Architectures
Parallel Database Management Systems (Parallel DBMS) are designed to improve the performance of database operations by distributing workloads across multiple processors or machines. This allows for faster query processing, better throughput, and enhanced scalability. Parallel DBMS can run on different machine architectures based on how the hardware components are organized. The three primary architectures are Shared Memory, Shared Disk, and Shared Nothing. Each architecture has its own structure, benefits, and limitations depending on how
- a. What are the three basic components of select statement? Explain with an example.
- Explain various transaction operations. 5+5
Ans 5
- Basic Components of SELECT Statement in SQL
Components of a SELECT Statement
The SELECT statement is one of the most fundamental commands in SQL, used to retrieve data from a database. It has three basic components: SELECT, FROM, and WHERE.
The SELECT clause specifies the columns to be retrieved. It can be used to select all columns using * or to fetch specific
- What do you mean by Fragmentation? What are the different types of fragmentation. Explain by giving suitable example. 2+6+2
Ans 6.
Fragmentation and Its Types with Example
Definition of Fragmentation
Fragmentation in a distributed database system refers to the process of breaking a large database into smaller, manageable pieces called fragments. These fragments are stored at different locations or sites in a network to improve performance, availability, and manageability. The main objective of fragmentation is to ensure that data is stored close to where it is most
| SESSION | APRIL 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATION (MCA) |
| SEMESTER | I |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DCA6112 DATA VISUALIZATION |
Assignment SET – I
- a. Explain the importance of data visualization in today’s data-driven world. Highlight at least three specific reasons with examples from real-life industries. 5
- Explain how the knowledge of Excel can give you a competitive edge in today’s data- driven world. Also explain the significance of data formatting in Excel and its impact on visual representation.
Ans 1
- Importance of Data Visualization in Today’s Data-Driven World
Enhances Data Comprehension
Data visualization plays a crucial role in simplifying complex datasets by transforming them into visual formats like graphs, charts, and dashboards. In the age of big data, where organizations generate massive amounts of information daily, visualization helps convert raw data into actionable insights. One of the most important reasons data visualization is essential is that it enhances
Its Half solved only
Buy Complete from our online store
https://smuassignment.in/online-store/
MUJ Fully solved assignment available for session Jan-Feb-March-April 2025.
Lowest price guarantee with quality.
Charges INR 198 only per assignment. For more information you can get via mail or Whats app also
Mail id is aapkieducation@gmail.com
Our website www.smuassignment.in
After mail, we will reply you instant or maximum
1 hour.
Otherwise you can also contact on our
whatsapp no 8791490301.
- a. Explain how histograms help in identifying the distribution of data and compare at least two types of histograms with examples. 5
- Describe the components of a box and whisker plot and explain how it is used for comparing datasets with its applications. 5
Ans 2.
- Histograms and Their Role in Understanding Data Distribution
Frequency Distribution
Histograms are a type of bar chart used to represent the frequency distribution of continuous numerical data. They help in visualizing how data is spread over a range of values, making it easier to identify patterns such as skewness, central tendency, and variability. In a histogram, data is divided into intervals or “bins,” and the height of each bar shows how many data points fall within that range. This allows viewers to see where data is concentrated and where it is sparse, which is particularly useful in statistical analysis and decision-making.
Normal Distribution
- a. Explain the concept, benefits, and limitations of Word Clouds as a tool for text data visualization. Also explain fundamental, visualization techniques, tools and libraries related to Sentiment analysis visualization. 5
- Describe the construction and interpretation of a Correlation Matrix. Also describe the types, applications and steps involved in creating Geographical Maps. 5
Ans 3.
- Word Clouds and Sentiment Analysis Visualization Techniques
Concept, Benefits, and Limitations of Word Clouds
A word cloud is a visual representation of textual data where the frequency or importance of each word determines its size or prominence in the image. Frequently occurring words appear larger and bolder, while less common words are shown in smaller fonts. Word clouds are a popular tool for quickly identifying the most common terms in a text corpus, making them useful in summa
Assignment SET – II
- a.Explain the construction and interpretation of Bubble Charts in Python using Plotly. How does ‘squarify’ assist in generating Tree Maps in Python? 5
- Explain the importance of addressing missing values in a dataset and also Describe the common methods for detecting and handling missing data, providing examples for each.
Ans 4
- Bubble Charts with Plotly and Tree Maps with Squarify
Construction and Interpretation of Bubble Charts in Python using Plotly
Bubble charts are an extension of scatter plots, where a third dimension of data is represented by the size of the marker. They are particularly useful for comparing three variables at once—two along the x and y axes and one through the size of the bubble. Plotly, a powerful interactive visualization
5.a. (i) Explain the importance of time series data in data analysis. Give a brief detail of exploring a time series data in Python and mention the steps followed in Python to perform time series analysis.
(ii) Explain the significance of trend, seasonality, cyclical, and irregular components with suitable examples from real-world datasets. 5
- b) Discuss the components of a 3D mesh and their roles in computer graphics and 3D modelling. Also explain syntax and parameters of constructing a 3D Mesh plot in Python.
Ans 5
a(i): Importance and Exploration of Time Series Data in Python
Importance of Time Series Data in Analysis
Time series data consists of observations collected sequentially over time. It is vital in many fields such as finance, weather forecasting, economics, and healthcare. The primary importance of time series data is that it captures trends, patterns, and fluctuations over specific time intervals,
6.a. Explain the components and interactivity features of a data dashboard. How do these elements contribute to effective data analysis and decision-making?
- Explain the process of dashboard development using Dash and Plotly. Also explain steps for crafting a data story in story development stage.
Ans 6a.
Components and Interactivity in Data Dashboards
Components of a Data Dashboard
A data dashboard is an interactive visual interface that displays key metrics, trends, and insights in real-time. The core components include charts and graphs, which visually present data through line graphs, bar charts, pie charts, and scatter plots. Filters and dropdown menus allow users to refine views by selecting specific time periods, regions, or categories.
Another important element is the KPI (Key Performance Indicator) cards, which display vital numerical indicators like total revenue, conversion rate, or user growth. Dashboards also include tables