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SESSION	April 2024
PROGRAM	BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)
SEMESTER	III
COURSE CODE & NAME	SV
CREDITS	4

 

 

Assignment Set – 1^st

Questions

 

1. “All contracts are agreements, but all agreements are not contracts.” Discuss the statement explaining the essential elements of a valid contract.

Ans: The statement “All contracts are agreements, but all agreements are not contracts” reflects the legal principle that not all agreements rise to the level of a legally enforceable contract. An agreement is a broader concept that refers to a meeting of minds between two or more parties, while a contract is a specific type of agreement that is legally binding and enforceable in a court of law. For an agreement to transform into a contract, certain essential elements must be present.

 

These

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2. When can the first annual general meeting of the company be held? Explain the provisions as to time and place of annual general meeting of a company.

Ans: The first Annual General Meeting (AGM) of a company must be held within a specific time frame after its incorporation, as per the provisions of the Companies Act or relevant corporate laws of the jurisdiction where the company is registered.

Here are the typical provisions regarding the time and place of the AGM of a company: 

Time of Annual General Meeting:

First Annual General Meeting:  The first AGM of a company must be held within a specified period after its incorporation, as mandated by the applicable company laws or regulations. The timeframe for holding the first AGM varies depending on the jurisdiction but is usually within a period

3. Define and distinguish between a Condition and a Warranty with appropriate example.

Ans: They differ in their importance and the consequences of their breach. 

Condition:

Definition: A condition is a fundamental term of a contract that is essential to its performance. It is a stipulation or requirement that must be fulfilled for the contract to be valid and for the parties to be bound by it. 

Consequence of Breach: If a condition is breached, the innocent party has the option to terminate the contract and seek damages for any losses suffered. Breach of a condition allows the innocent party to treat the

 

Assignment Set – 2

Questions

4. Who is a Consumer? What consumer rights are guaranteed under Consumer Protection Act, 2019?

Ans: Consumer – “Consumer” means any person who, (i) buys any goods for a consideration which has been paid or promised or partly paid and partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment and includes any user of such goods other than the person who buys such goods for consideration paid or promised or partly paid or partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment, when such use is made with the approval of such person, but does not include a person who obtains such goods for resale or for any commercial purpose; or (ii) hires or avails of any service for a consideration which has been paid or promised or partly paid an

 

5. What do you understand by Hazardous substances? Also discuss different types of environmental pollution.

Ans: “Hazardous substance” means any substance or preparation which, by reason of its chemical or physio-chemical properties or handling, is liable to cause harm to human beings, other living creatures, plants, micro-organisms, property or the environment. It is mandatory that every person generating hazardous waste and possessing the facility for collection, treatment or storage of the waste, should seek authorization from the State Pollution Control Board. There are specific rules regulating the handling of hazardous substances such as those related to their packaging, labelling and transportation. In relation to hazardous and toxic chemicals being

 

 

6. The Competition Act, 2002 is an improvement on the MRTP Act, 1969. Critically analyse and differentiate among them.

Ans:

The Competition Act, 2002, represents a significant shift from the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices (MRTP) Act, 1969, in the context of competition law in India. The Competition Act was enacted to address the changing economic landscape, promote fair competition, and prevent anti-competitive practices.

 

Let’s critically analyze and differentiate between the two acts: 

 

1. Objectives and Scope: MRTP Act, 1969: The primary focus of the MRTP Act was to prevent the concentration of economic power, curb monopolistic practices, and prohibit restrictive trade practices.

 

SESSION	APRIL 2024
PROGRAM	BACHELOR of business administration (BBA)
SEMESTER	III
course CODE & NAME	DBB2102 – QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES for Management
CREDITS	2

 

 

Set – 1^st

Questions

 

1. a Describe briefly different sources of primary data and secondary data?

Ans: Sources of Primary Data Surveys and Questionnaires: 

Description: Structured forms with a set of questions aimed at collecting data from a large number of respondents.

Example: Customer satisfaction surveys, employee feedback questionnaires.

Interviews: 

Description: Direct, face-to-face or virtual conversations between the researcher and respondents, which can be structured, semi-structured, or unstructured.

Example: In-depth interviews with experts, key informant interviews.

Focus Groups: 

Description: Group discussions

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1 b. Explain in brief the characteristics of a good questionnaire?

Ans: A good questionnaire is a vital tool for collecting reliable and valid data in research.

Here are the key characteristics that define a well-designed questionnaire: 

1. Clear Objectives Description: The questionnaire should align with the specific objectives of the research, ensuring each question contributes to gathering data relevant to the study’s goals.

Example: If the research aims to measure customer satisfaction, questions should focus on various aspects of the customer

 

 

2. a. Describe requisites of a good measure of dispersion.

Ans: The main objectives of measuring dispersion of a distribution are:

To test reliability of an average

A measure of dispersion is used to test the reliability of an average.

A low value of dispersion indicates that there is greater degree of homogeneity among various items and, consequently, their average can be taken as more reliable or representative of the distribution. To compare the extent of the variability in two or more distributions

The extent of variability in two or more distributions can be compared by computing their respective

 

 

1. Calculate the mean of the following frequency distribution:

X	2	4	6	8	10
Frequency f	1	4	6	4	1

Ans:

To calculate the mean of a frequency distribution, you use the formula:

 

 

 

3a. Obtain the correlation coefficient for the data given below:

X:	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
Y:	9	8	10	12	11	13	14	16	15

Ans: To obtain the correlation coefficient for the given data, we can use the Pearson correlation coefficient formula.

The formula for the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between two variables X and Y is given by:

 

 

 

1. Demonstrate the uses of Regression Analysis? Give five examples where the use of regression analysis can beneficially be made.

Ans: Regression analysis is helpful statistical method that can be leveraged across an organization to determine the degree to which particular independent variables are influencing dependent variables.

The possible scenarios for conducting regression analysis to yield valuable, actionable business insights are endless.

Uses

1. i) The coefficient of correlation is a measure of the degree of association between two variables. For comparing two series of observations, it is sometimes necessary to determine whether they are

 

Set – 2^nd

Questions

 

4. Explain various methods of Secular Trends.

Ans: Secular Trend: In this first type of change, the value of the variable tends to either decrease or increase over a long period of time. It can be defined as “a consistent long-term change in the average level of the forecast variable per unit of time”. The steady increase in the population of India recorded by the census department is an example of secular trend. Table shows a secular trend which is showing an upward

 

 

5. Discuss the problems that are involved in construction of index numbers.

Ans: Constructing index numbers involves several challenges and potential issues. Index numbers are used to measure changes in economic variables over time, such as prices, quantities, and values.

Here are some key problems involved in the construction of index numbers: 

1. Selection of Base Period Problem: Choosing an appropriate base period is crucial as it serves as the

 

6. a. Explain the meaning of sampling method also delineate its principles.

Ans:

Meaning of Sampling

Method Sampling is a statistical process used in research to select a subset (sample) from a larger population for the purpose of making inferences about the whole population. Rather than studying the entire population, which can be time-consuming and costly, researchers study the sample and use the results to generalize to the population. 

Principles of

 

 

SESSION	April 2024
PROGRAM	BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)
SEMESTER	III
COURSE CODE & NAME	DBB2103 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
CREDITS	4

 

 

Assignment Set – 1^st

Questions

 

1. What do you mean by research? Explain the process of conducting research with the help of taking a research problem into consideration.

Ans: Once you have established the ‘what’ of the study, i.e., the research problem, the next step is the ‘how’ of the study, which specifies the method of achieving the research objectives. In other words, this is the research design. Green et al. (2008) define research design as ‘the specification of methods and procedures for acquiring the information needed.

Sellitz et al. (1962) state, ‘A research

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2. What do you understand by a research design? Briefly explain the different types of research designs with the help of two examples under each.

Ans: Thyer (1993) states, ‘A traditional research design is a blueprint or detailed plan for how a  research study is to be completed—operationalizing variables so they can be measured,  selecting a sample of interest to study, collecting data to be used as a basis for testing  hypotheses, and analyzing the results.’ Sellitz et al. (1962) state, ‘A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research

 

3. Explain the role of sampling method in business research. Differentiate between probability and non-probability sampling techniques along with the suitable examples under each method.

Ans: Sampling is a crucial aspect of business research, and the method used plays a significant role in determining the reliability and validity of the research findings. The sampling method involves selecting a subset of the population to represent the whole, as it may not be feasible or practical to study the entire population.

 

Here are several key roles and considerations of sampling methods in business research: 

 

Representativeness:  One of the primary

 

 

Assignment Set – 2^nd

Questions

 

4. Discuss the different situations in which primary and secondary methods of data collection will be used. Explain the different methods of collecting primary data with suitable examples.

Ans: Primary Data vs. Secondary Data: 

 

Primary Data: Primary data refers to information collected directly from original sources. This data is specific to the researcher’s particular study or purpose and is gathered first-hand. Primary data is typically more time-consuming and resource-intensive to collect but offers tailored and specific insights. 

 

Situations for Using Primary Data:  When Specific Information is needed:  Primary data is collected when researchers require specific details that are not available in existing sources. For example, a company

 

 

5. What do you mean by a Questionnaire? Discuss the detailed process of designing a questionnaire for assessing customer satisfaction of any product.

Ans: Even though the questionnaire method is most used by researchers, designing a well-structured instrument needs considerable skill. Presented below is a standardized process that a researcher can follow.

Questionnaire Design Process:-

A questionnaire is a list of questions or items used to gather data from respondents about their attitudes, experiences, or opinions. Questionnaires can be used to collect quantitative and/or qualitative information.

 

6. Discuss the following:

 

1. Hypothesis and its types

Ans: Types of Hypothesis:

There are two types of hypothesis, i.e., Research Hypothesis and Statistical Hypothesis

 

1. Research Hypothesis: A research hypothesis is a tentative solution for the problem being investigated. It is the supposition that motivates the researcher to accomplish future course of action. In research, the researcher determines whether or not their supposition can be supported through scientific investigation.

2. Statistical Hypothesis: Statistical hypothesis is a statement about the population which we want to verify on the basis of sample taken from population. Statistical hypothesis is stated in such a way that they may

 

SESSION	April 2024
PROGRAM	BACHELOR of business administration (BBA)
SEMESTER	III
course CODE & NAME	DBB2104 – Financial management
CREDITS	4

 

 

Assignment Set – 1^ST

Questions

1. Explain the functions of a financial manager in any organization.

Ans: A finance manager is a person who is responsible for carrying out the functions of a finance department. Let us discuss the main functions of finance managers.

Financial managers play a crucial role in organizations by managing the financial health and resources to achieve the organization’s objectives. Their functions encompass a broad range of responsibilities, spanning financial planning, analysis, decision-making, and reporting.

Here are the key functions of a

 

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2. Calculate the present value of the following cash flows assuming a discount rate of 10% per annum.

Year	Cash flows [₹]
1	10000
2	20000
3	30000
4	40000
5	50000

Ans: Here we will use the following formula:

PV = FV / (1 + r %)ⁿ

Where,

FV

= Future value, PV

= Present

 

 

3. X ltd issued Rs 100, equity shares at a premium of 10%. At the end of the year, the expected dividend is 15% which is expected to grow 8% p.a.
4. Calculate the cost of equity.

Ans: To calculate the cost of equity for X Ltd, we need to consider two scenarios based on the information provided: 

Scenario A: Growing Dividends In this scenario, we use the Gordon Growth Model (Dividend Discount Model), which accounts for a constant growth rate in dividends.

The formula for the cost of equity ( 

1. If dividends are constant, and then what will be the cost of equity?

Ans: Constant Dividends In this scenario, we assume dividends remain constant and do not grow.

The formula for the cost of equity (   k e ​ ) is simplified to:

 

Assignment Set – 2

Questions

 

4. What are the sources of finance? Discuss the short term and long term sources of finance for the firm.

Ans: A source or sources of finance, refer to where a business gets money from to fund their business activities. A business can gain finance from either internal or external

 

5. The details regarding three companies are given below:

X Ltd	Y Ltd	Z Ltd.
r = 12%	r = 8%	r = 10%
Ke = 10 %	Ke = 10 %	Ke = 10 %
E = Rs. 100	E = Rs. 100	E = Rs. 100

Compute the value of an equity share of each of these companies applying Walter’s formula when the dividend pay-out ratio is (a) 0%, (b) 20%, (c) 40%.

Ans: According to Waltor’s Model

 

6. What is Working capital management? Discuss various factors that affect working capital requirement?

Ans: WC typically means the firm’s holding of current or short-term assets such as cash, receivables, inventory and marketable securities. These items are also referred to as circulating capital. Corporate executives devote considerable amount of attention to the management of WC.

Working capital management is related to short-term assets or current assets. This integral part of financial management is very important as short-term survival is the basis for long-term success. The trade-off between risk (liquidity) and return (profitability) is very crucial. Having adequate working capital is crucial to meeting the current obligations and avoiding the risk of bankruptcy. In case the investment in current assets is large, it will affect the profitability of the conce

 

SESSION	April 2024
PROGRAM	BACHELOR of business administration (BBA)
SEMESTER	III
course CODE & NAME	DBB2105 – ADVERTISING AND SALES
CREDITS	4

Assignment Set – 1^st

Questions

1. Define Advertising along with the history of the Advertising. In extension to the same write five basic components of Advertising.

Ans: Advertising is a form of communication that aims to promote or sell a product, service, idea, or brand to a target audience. It is a strategic marketing activity designed to influence the behaviour, perceptions, or preferences of individuals, ultimately leading them to take a specific action. The primary objectives of advertising include creating awareness, generating interest, and stimulating desired responses from the audience.

“Advertising is the non-personal communication of information usually paid for, and usually persuasive in nature about

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2. Discuss Hierarchy-of-Effects Model of advertising in detail.

Ans: Hierarchy-of-Effects Model

Among advertising theories, the hierarchy-of-effects model is predominant. It helps clarify the objectives of an advertising campaign as well as the objective of a particular advertisement. It also aids the marketing team in identifying the best communications strategy. The model suggests that a consumer or a business buyer moves through a series of six steps when becoming convinced to make a purchase.

These six steps are as follows:

 

3. Detail Print Advertising. Explain the various Characteristics of the Print Media, also to include suitable examples to support your answer.

Ans: Print advertising includes printed advertisement in newspaper, magazines, and brochures and on other printed surfaces, such as posters and outdoor boards. Readers find that reading publication is more flexible than watching or listening to broadcast because they can stop and re-read, read sections out of order or move through the publication at their own speed. As the print message format is less fleeting than broadcast and more concrete, people tend to spend more

 

Assignment Set – 2^nd

Questions

 

4. Define Sales Management along with various Strategies of the same in detail, also to add suitable examples to support your answer.

Ans: A sales strategy consists of a plan that positions a company’s brand or product to gain a competitive advantage. Successful strategies help the sales force to focus on target market customers and communicate with them in relevant, meaningful ways. Sales representatives need to know how their products or services can fill customer needs and expectations. A successful sales strategy conveys this so that the sales force spends time targeting right customers at right point of

 

5. Detail the concept of Personal Selling. Also, to discuss the various objectives of Personal Selling.

Ans: Personal selling can be defined as an oral communication with the potential buyers of a product with the intention of making a sale. It may focus initially on developing a relationship with a prospect, but ultimately ends with an attempt to close the sale.

Personal selling is one of the most important methods to contact the prospective buyer personally and to persuade him or her to buy the products. It involves the use of a sales force to support a push

 

6. Explain various types of Sales Organization Structures, also to include suitable examples to support your answer.

Ans: There are four basic types of sales organization structures:

1. Line sales organization
2. Line and staff sales organization
3. Functional sales organization
4. Committee sales organization
5. Line sales organization:

The line sales organization is the oldest and simplest sales organizational structure. It is widely used in smaller firms. For instance, smaller companies that cover a limited geographic area or sell a narrow product line, use this structure. The chain of command runs from the top sales executives down through subordinates. All executives exercise line authority and each subordinate is

SESSION	MARCH 2024
PROGRAM	B.com
SEMESTER	II
course CODE & NAME	DCM1202 – MARKETING MANAGEMENT
CREDITS	4

 

 

Set – 1^st

Questions

 

1. Define marketing. Discuss the importance of marketing.

Ans:

The word ‘Market’ is derived from the Latin word ‘Marcatus’ meaning merchandise, wares, traffic, trade or place where business is conducted. The common usage of the market means a place where goods are bought and sold. In its strict meaning, the market need not necessarily mean a place of exchange. Historically, markets were physical meeting places where buyers and sellers gathered together to trade. Although physical markets are still vital, virtual marketplaces supported by IT networks such as the internet have become the largest and most liquid.

Marketing is a very

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2 To the Individual Business Units Business units are benefited from the marketing in the following ways:

1) Marketing generates revenue for firms. A firm fulfils its motive only through marketing. Development of market is possible- from local to a world market. When markets are widened, sales increase, and thus profit to the firm increases.

2) Marketing department of a firm is the source of information to the top management for making overall decisions on production. The information is the basis on which decisions will be made by the management.

3) Marketing and innovations are the two basic functions of all businesses. In a dynamic world,

 

3. Discuss in brief the 4 Ps of marketing with suitable example.

Ans: These ingredients were later refined by E. Jerome McCarthy, who categorised them into the universally recognized 4 Ps of marketing – Product, Price, Place and Promotion.

Product

Product refers to the physical entity offered by the company to its customers, which is a combination of tangible and intangible qualities. Product normally refers to the goods or services offered by a company which satisfies the needs or wants of a customer. In broad terms, product can include physical objects, services, ideas or a set of any of these items.

The product should have important attributes such as a set of distinguishing features, associated attributes, bundle of

 

 

 

Set – 2^nd

Questions

 

4. Define branding. Discuss the merits and demerits of branding.

Ans: Branding is the practice of giving a specified name to a product or group of products of one seller. It is the process involved in creating a unique name and image for a product in the consumers’ mind, mainly through advertising campaigns with a consistent theme. Branding aims to establish a significant and differentiated presence in the market that attracts and retains loyal customers. In other words, naming a product, like naming a baby, is known as branding. Parents have children and manufacturers to have children; i.e., products.

As parents, the manufacturers also are eager to know the character and capacity of their products on their birth, but not on

 

5. Define advertising (with suitable example). Also discuss the types of advertising.

Ans:

Advertising is the dissemination of information about a product, or service oridea sponsored by a person at his expense to create a demand for his product or service. Advertising consists of all the activities in presenting to a group a non-personal, oral or visual, openly sponsored message regarding a product, service or idea.

American Marketing Association defines advertising as “any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services by an identified sponsor”. So, from the above definition we learned

 

6. Write a detailed note on – determinants of consumer behaviour.

Ans: Consumer behaviour refers to the decision-making processes and actions of consumers when they purchase goods and services. Understanding the determinants of consumer behaviour is essential for businesses to tailor their marketing strategies and meet consumer needs effectively.

The main

 

SESSION	March 2024
PROGRAM	Master of CoMPUTER APPLICATIONS (MCA)
SEMESTER	IV
course CODE & NAME	DCA8242 – CLOUD DB SYSTEMS
CREDITS	4

 

Set-Ist

 

1. a. Define Grid Computing. Explain how it works.

Ans: Grid Computing

 

Grid computing is the process of collecting or gathering resources from boundaries. Multiple computers in the network are engaged in solving a problem at a similar point in time, in a larger size. Generally, such computing power is required for technicality or scientific problems that require more processing cycles and enormous data access.

Distributed computing can be

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1. Elaborate the ACID Properties of Relational Database Transaction.

Ans: The ACID properties are a set of four essential characteristics that ensure the reliability and integrity of transactions in a relational database system. These properties are vital for maintaining data consistency and correctness, even in the presence of system failures or concurrent access by

 

 

2. a. Explain Full Replication and Partial Replication w.r.t distributed systems.

Ans:

Replication is making a copy of the relation. When a relation N is modified or replicated, a copy of relation N is stored in other sites. The copies may be kept at only a few selected sites, or each site may keep a copy. In case each site of the system has a copy of the relation, it is known as full replication.

Replication comes in helpful when you want to improve the accessibility of data. The most severe case would be to

3. a. Write a short note on Service Oriented Architecture

Ans: SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) cloud computing is cost-effective in some instances; it is not in many situations. The cost-effectiveness of cloud computing depends on the enterprise and domain. For example, a shared disk in storage as a service solution would be of high value for a virtual business

 

1. Write a short note on the Network File system

Ans: NFS is a remote access DFS introduced by Sun Microsystems in 1985. The currently used version is version 4. NFS integrates well into the Unix model of mount points but does not implement Unix semantics. NFS servers were stateless (i.e., NFS does not provide open and close operations)

 

 

 

 

Set-IInd

 

4. a. Explain the Set of Operations on WSDL with suitable code examples.

Ans: WSDL (Web Services Description Language) defines a set of operations that can be performed on a web service. These operations represent the methods or functions exposed by the service, allowing clients to interact with it.

 

The main operations defined in WSDL are: 

 

Input Message: Specifies the data that needs to be provided by the client when invoking the operation.

 

Output Message: Specifies the data returned by the service as a result of invoking the operation.

 

1. Identify the Types of Cloud Security Controls.

Ans: Here are the main types of cloud security controls: 

 

Preventive Controls: 

 

Access Control: Enforces authentication and authorization mechanisms to control user access to cloud resources and services.

 

Firewalls: Implement network-based firewalls to filter and monitor incoming and outgoing traffic to and from cloud environments.

 

 

5. a. Define a web browser. Explain about anyone in detail.

Ans: Before diving into the information retrieval methodology, let us understand the basics of web search. We are aware of the Web and the Internet. We are also mindful that we use web browsers to search for information in various media formats and retrieve the same. To search for anything on the Internet, the basic needs are:

• Mobile/tablet/computer/laptop.
• A web browser

 

1. Evaluate the features of Nirvanix.

Ans: Following are some of the key features of the Nirvanix cloud storage network:

• It is possible to monitor round the clock, and all the processes can be intimated to the IT support staff through e-mail and SMS alerts.

• Automatic monitoring helps to detect any intrusion immediately.

• SSL in cloud

 

 

6.a. Represent any two Methods of Secure Data Transmission.

Ans: Two common methods for secure data transmission are using Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Virtual Private Networks (VPNs).

1. Transport Layer Security (TLS): TLS is a cryptographic protocol that ensures secure communication over a network, such as the internet. It operates at the transport layer of the OSI model and provides encryption, authentication,

 

 

1. Compare and contrast Private cloud vs. public cloud.

Ans: Private and public clouds are two different deployment models for cloud computing, each offering distinct advantages and considerations.

Here’s a comparison between private and public clouds:

Private Cloud: Ownership and Control:  Private Cloud: Owned and operated by a single organization, providing complete control

 

SESSION	MARCH 2024
PROGRAM	BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA)
SEMESTER	3
COURSE CODE & NAME	DCA2104 – BASIC OF DATA COMMUNICATIONS

 

 

Set – I

 

1. Describe various trends in data communications and network technology. Explain Communication model in brief. 5+5

Ans 1.

Trends in Data Communications and Network Technology

The field of data communications and network technology is constantly evolving, driven by advancements in technology, increasing demands for higher performance, and the need for improved security. Here are some key trends shaping the landscape:

1. Increased Bandwidth and Speed

As the demand for high-speed internet and data transfer grows, so does the need for increased bandwidth. Technologies such as 5G are paving the way for faster and more reliable wireless communication. Additionally, fiber optic cables are being widely adopted to provide high-speed internet access with Its Half solved only

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2. List some difference baseband and broadband transmission with some examples?

Ans 2.

Differences Between Baseband and Broadband Transmission

Baseband and broadband are two fundamental methods of data transmission used in networking. Each has distinct characteristics and applications. Here’s a detailed comparison of their differences, including examples.

1. Definition and Basic Concept

Baseband Transmission:

• Baseband transmission uses a single channel to send data over a network. It transmits signals in their

 

3. Differentiate between guided and unguided transmission and with some examples? 2+8

Ans 3.

Differentiating Between Guided and Unguided Transmission

In data communication, transmission media can be broadly classified into two categories: guided and unguided transmission. Here’s a detailed comparison, including examples:

Guided Transmission

Definition: Guided transmission involves the use of physical media to guide the signal along a specific path from the sender to the receiver. It is also known as wired transmission.

Characteristics:

Set – II

 

 

4. Explain the process in Data exchanges in transmission line and explain different types of classifications? 5+5

Ans 4.

Data Exchanges in Transmission Lines

Data exchange over transmission lines involves the process of sending and receiving data between devices through a communication medium. This process is fundamental in networking and telecommunications. Here’s an explanation of the process and the different classifications of data exchanges:

Process of Data Exchanges in

5. Write short on synchronous and asynchronous transmission. 10

Ans 5.

Synchronous and Asynchronous Transmission

In the realm of data communication, synchronous and asynchronous transmission are two fundamental methods used to control the timing of data exchange between devices. Each method has its own set of characteristics, advantages, and use cases.

Synchronous Transmission involves the continuous transmission of data blocks, synchronized by a clock signal shared between the sender and receiver. In this method, data is sent in a steady, predictable stream, and both the sending and receiving devices are precisely synchronized by the

.

           

6. Differentiate between frequency hopping spread spectrum and direct sequence spread spectrum 10

Ans 6.

Differentiating Between Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) and Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) and Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) are two techniques used in wireless communication to enhance the robustness, security, and efficiency of data transmission. Both are forms of spread spectrum technology, which spreads the signal over a wider bandwidth than necessary. Here’s a detailed comparison between FHSS and DSSS

 

SESSION	MARCH 2024
PROGRAM	BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATION(BCA)
SEMESTER	III
COURSE CODE & NAME	DCA2103 – COMPUTER ORGANIZATION

 

 

 

Set-I

 

 

1. Explain von Neumann Architecture in detail. 10

Ans 1.

Von Neumann Architecture

The von Neumann architecture, also known as the von Neumann model or the Princeton architecture, is a computer architecture based on a 1945 description by the mathematician and physicist John von Neumann. This architecture forms the basis of most computer systems in use today. Here, we will delve into its details, exploring its key components, principles, and significance in the realm of computer science.

Key Components

1. Central Processing Unit (CPU):
   • Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): This part of the CPU performs all arithmetic and logical operations, such as

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2. Explain in detail the different instruction formats with examples. 10

Ans 2.

Instruction Formats in Computer Organization

Instruction formats define how machine language instructions are structured, allowing the CPU to interpret and execute them. These formats typically consist of an operation code (opcode) and one or more operands. The structure of these instructions can vary depending on the architecture, affecting how instructions are encoded and decoded. Here, we will explore several common instruction formats with examples to illustrate their functionality.

Single-Address Instruction Format

In this format, the instruction includes one address field, along with the opcode. This address can refer to a memory location or a

3. Discuss the organization of main memory. 10

Ans 3.

Organization of Main Memory

Main memory, also known as primary or RAM (Random Access Memory), is a crucial component of a computer system where data and instructions are stored for immediate processing by the CPU. The organization of main memory plays a significant role in the overall performance and functionality of a computer. Here, we will discuss the key aspects of main memory organization.

Memory Cells and

Set-II

 

4. List and explain the mapping functions. 10

Ans 4.

Mapping functions play a crucial role in computer science and are used in various contexts, including memory management, data structures, and network communication. These functions are used to relate one set of items to another, often in a way that preserves some underlying structure or relationship. Here, we will discuss some common mapping functions and their applications.

1. Identity Mapping

The identity mapping function

5. What is an interrupt? Discuss the hardware actions in interrupt handling. 2+8

Ans 5.

Interrupt: An Overview

An interrupt is a signal sent from a hardware or software component to the processor, indicating that an event requiring immediate attention has occurred. Interrupts are used to handle events that are asynchronous to the

6. Explain the characteristics of RISC and CISC architectures. 10

Ans 6.

Characteristics of RISC and CISC Architectures

RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) and CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) are two contrasting CPU design philosophies that have influenced the development of computer architectures. Each approach has its own set of characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages, which are important to understand in the context of computer architecture.

1. Instruction Set

 

SESSION	MARCH 2024
PROGRAM	BACHELOR OFCOMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA)
SEMESTER	III
COURSE CODE & NAME	DCA2102 – DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 

 

 

Set-I

 

 

1. A. Explain the Advantages and Disadvantages of the DBMS.
2. Differentiate between physical data independence and logical data independence

Ans 1.

Advantages and Disadvantages of DBMS:

A database management system (DBMS) offers several advantages, but it also has its drawbacks.

Advantages:

1. Data Sharing: DBMS allows multiple users and applications to access the same data simultaneously, enabling data sharing and collaboration.

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2. Explain the concept of transactions in a database management system (DBMS). Discuss the properties of transactions and their importance in ensuring data consistency and integrity. Provide examples to illustrate each property.

Ans 2.

Concept of Transactions in a Database Management System (DBMS):

In a database management system (DBMS), a transaction is a unit of work performed against a database that follows the ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability). Transactions ensure data integrity and consistency by allowing multiple operations to be treated as a single logical unit. If all operations within a transaction are completed successfully, the transaction is committed, making the changes permanent in the database. If any operation fails, the transaction is rolled back, and the

 

3. Explain the concept of a foreign key in the context of relational databases. Discuss its role in maintaining referential integrity and preventing data inconsistencies. Provide examples to illustrate its usage.

Ans:

Concept of Foreign Key in Relational Databases:

In the context of relational databases, a foreign key is a column or a set of columns in a table that references the primary key or a unique key in another table. It establishes a relationship between two tables by enforcing referential integrity, which ensures that the values in the foreign key column(s) of one table correspond to the values in the primary key or unique key column(s) of another table.

Role in Maintaining Referential

Set-II

 

 

4. Explain the concept of functional dependencies in the context of normalization. How do functional dependencies influence the normalization process? Provide examples. 10

Ans 4.

Concept of Functional Dependencies in Normalization:

Functional dependencies (FDs) are a fundamental concept in the theory of database normalization. They describe the relationship between attributes in a relation (table) by specifying how the values of one set of attributes determine the values of another set of attributes. In simpler terms, a functional dependency describes a relationship where knowing the value of one attribute uniquely determines the value of another attribute(s).

How Functional Dependencies

 

5. What are the fundamentals of relational algebra and its role in database management systems (DBMS). Discuss the basic operations of relational algebra and their significance in query processing and data manipulation. Provide examples to illustrate each operation. 10

Ans 5.

Fundamentals of Relational Algebra:

Relational algebra is a mathematical query language used to manipulate relational databases. It provides a set of operations that can be performed on relations (tables) to retrieve, filter, and combine data. Relational algebra forms the basis for the query language SQL (Structured Query Language) used in relational database management systems (DBMS).

Role in Database Management Systems (DBMS):

Relational algebra plays a critical role in DBMS by providing a formal foundation for query languages and query optimization. It allows users to specify complex operations on the database without needing to know the

6. Explain the concept of object-oriented database management systems (OODBMS). Discuss how OODBMS differs from traditional relational database management systems (RDBMS). Illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of using OODBMS over RDBMS with examples.

Ans 6.

Concept of Object-Oriented Database Management Systems (OODBMS):

Object-oriented database management systems (OODBMS) are database management systems that support the modeling and creation of data as objects. In an OODBMS, data is represented as objects, similar to how objects are represented in object-oriented programming languages like Java or C++. These objects can encapsulate both data (attributes) and behavior (methods), making them more versatile than traditional relational database systems.

Differences Between

SESSION	april 2024
PROGRAM	Bachelorof CoMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA)
SEMESTER	III
course CODE & NAME	DCA2101 – Computer Oriented Numerical Methods

 

 

 

SET-I

 

 

1. Show that

(a)   δμ= 1/2(∆+∇)

(b)   ∆-∇=∆∇

 

Ans 1.

1. a) To show that δμ=1/2(∆+∇), we can start with the definition of the Laplacian (δ) and the gradient (∇):

δf = ∇²f = ∇•∇f

Now, let’s consider the Laplacian of a function μ:

δμ = ∇²μ = ∇•∇μ

Next, we can use the identity that relates the Laplacian and the gradient:

∇•(∇μ) = ∇²μ Its Half solved only

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2. Find Lagrange’s interpolation polynomial fitting the pointsy(1) = -3,y(3)= 0,y(4)= 30, y(6) = 132 Hence find y(5).

 

Ans 2.

Step 1: Find the Lagrange basis polynomials

For each point, we need to create a Lagrange basis polynomial that has a value of 1 at that point and a value of 0 at all other points. We’ll use these polynomials to build the final interpolation polynomial.

For example, for the point (1, -3), the Lagrange basis polynomial is:

L1(x) = (x – 3)(x – 4)(x – 6) / ((1 – 3)(1 – 4)(1 – 6))

Simplifying this expression, we get:

L1(x) = (x – 3)(x – 4)(x

 

3. Evaluate , given the following table of values:

 

	10	20	30	40	50
	46	66	81	93	101

 

Ans 3.

To evaluate f(15) given the table of values, we need to interpolate the value of y corresponding to x = 15.

Looking at the table, we can observe that the values of x are evenly spaced by 10 units. To interpolate, we can use linear interpolation.

First, let’s find the interval in which 15 lies:

– x = 10 corresponds to y = 46

– x = 20

SET-II

4. Find the equation of the best fitting straight line for the data:

 

X	1	3	4	6	8	9	11	14
Y	1	2	4	4	5	7	8	9

 

Ans 4.

Linear Regression is a method to model the relationship between two continuous variables, X and Y. In this case, we have a set of data points (X, Y) and we want to find the best straight line that fits these data points.

To find the

5. Calculate the intercept (b): Finally, calculate the intercept (b) using the formula:

b = μY – m * μX

Substituting the values, we get:

b = 5 – m * 7

= 5 – approximately m * 7

= approximately b ≈ 5 – approximately m * 7

= approximately b ≈ 5 – approximately (32.00 * 7)

= approximately b ≈ -15

 

5. For what value of λ & μ the following system of equations:

x + y + z = 6

x +2y+3z =10

x+2y +λz =μ   may have

(i)  Unique solution

(ii) Infinite number of solutions

(iii)  No solution

 

Ans 5.

To determine the values of λ and μ that result in each type of solution, we can use the properties of systems of equations.

(i) For a unique solution:

• The rank of the coefficient matrix should be equal to the rank of the augmented matrix.
• The

6. Find the solution for x=0.2 taking interval length 0.1 using Euler’s method to solve: dy/dx=1-y given y(0)=0.

 

Ans 6.

Step 1: Understand the problem

We have the differential equation:

dy/dx = 1 – y

with the initial condition:

y(0) = 0

SESSION	February/MARCH 2024
PROGRAM	bachelor OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (bCA)
SEMESTER	2
course CODE & NAME	DCA1205
CREDITS	4

 

Set-Ist

 

1. Explain the various Boolean laws with logic diagrams.

Ans:

Boolean algebra is a branch of mathematics that deals with binary variables and logical operations. The basic laws of Boolean algebra are essential for simplifying and analyzing digital circuits. Below are the key Boolean laws along with their explanations and logic diagrams.

 

1. **Identity Law**

 

– **AND Identity Its Half solved only

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2. Define the term logic gates. Explain the various basic gates with their symbols and truth table.

Ans:
Logic Gates:-

 

Logic gates are the fundamental building blocks of digital circuits. They perform basic logical functions and are used to implement digital logic operations in computers, processors, and other digital systems. Each gate takes one or more binary inputs and produces a single binary output.

 

Basic Logic Gates

 

1. **AND Gate**

 

   – **Symbol:**

 

 

3. Explain the method of Karnaugh map simplification with don’t care condition. Give example.

Ans:

 

Karnaugh maps (K-maps) are a graphical tool used to simplify Boolean expressions and minimize the number of logic gates needed in a digital circuit.

When simplifying expressions using K-maps, “don’t care” conditions (denoted as X) are used to further reduce the complexity of the expression. These don’t care conditions represent input combinations that do not affect the output and can be treated as either 0 or 1, depending on which

 

 

 

Set-IInd

 

4. Explain the working of JK flip flop?

Ans: A JK flip-flop is a type of bistable multivibrator, an essential component in digital electronics used for storing binary data. It is an enhancement of the SR flip-flop (Set-Reset flip-flop) that eliminates the “invalid” state by ensuring that inputs J and K can never both be high simultaneously when the clock is triggered. 

 

JK Flip-Flop Overview Inputs:  J (Set input) K (Reset input) CLK (Clock input) Sometimes a Preset (PRE) and Clear (CLR) inputs for setting or resetting the flip-flop asynchronously.

 

 

5. Explain the shift register in detail.

Ans:

A shift register is a type of digital memory circuit used in computers and other devices to store and shift data. It consists of a series of flip-flops, each capable of storing one bit of data, and is used for data storage, data transfer, and data manipulation.

 

Types of Shift

 

6. Discuss about the Master slave flip flop

Ans: A master-slave flip-flop is a type of sequential logic circuit constructed from two separate flip-flops, referred to as the master flip-flop and the slave flip-flop. It is designed to address the problem of race conditions that can occur in certain types of flip-flops, particularly in edge-triggered designs. 

Working Principle The master-slave flip-flop operates in two phases: the master phase and the slave pha

 

SESSION	February/MARCH 2024
PROGRAM	Bachelor of CoMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA)
SEMESTER	II
course CODE & NAME	DCA_1204 COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
CREDITS	4

 

 

Set- Ist

 

1. Elaborate the types of Communication in detail

Ans:

1 Verbal communication

When an infant cries, the mother rushes to her side, to see if the baby is hurt or has soiled herself. If it is mealtime, when the baby cried, the mother feeds the baby. The cry of the baby communicated the need of the baby to her mother. Although crying is not speaking, the mother was able to understand the baby’s need. This shows that speaking alone is not communication. We already know that we can use writing to communicate. Communication through speech is called Oral communication. Communication by means of written material is called written

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2. Explain SQ3R method used in reading skills.

Ans: SQ3R Technique of Reading This technique of reading is evolved by Robinson in his book “Effective Study” (1970). SQ3R stands for the initial letters of the five steps in studying a text. Survey S Question Q Read R Recall R Review R

Let us briefly go through these steps in the given order:

 

1. Survey: Survey refers to a quick glance through the title page, preface, chapter headings of a text. By

 

 

3. Discuss the different Types of Business Letter in detail.

Ans: Different Types of Business Letter:-

Complaint letter: Writing a ‘complaint letter’ is often an undesirable task, but if it is done well, the end result can be very rewarding.

Complaint letters can be used for the purpose of having products replaced or money refunded, for changing

 

 

Set- 2ND

 

 

4. What do you understand by the term” Personality”. Explain in detail its various categories.

Ans: Personality is an individual difference that lends consistency to a person’s behaviour. Personality is defined as a relatively stable set of characteristics that influence an individual’s behaviour. For our purposes, you should think of personality as the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others.

 

Categories of Personality

 

5. Explain the various theories of Time Management.

Ans: Time management is a set of skills, tools, and systems that help you use your time to accomplish what you want in an efficient way. Time is often equated with money, and just as we often find ourselves short of cash, we also find ourselves with short of time.

 

The various applications of Time Management cover almost all areas of our life, some examples are:

 

6. Discuss the different kinds of leaders found in the workplace. Throw some light on application of Johari Window for understanding self.

Ans:

 

Types of Leaders in the Workplace:-

Different types of leaders can be found in the workplace, each with distinct characteristics and approaches to leadership.

Here are some

 

SESSION	MARCH 2024
PROGRAM	BCA
SEMESTER	II
course CODE & NAME	DCA1203-Object Oriented Programming – C++
CREDITS	4

 

 

Set-Ist

 

 

1. Describe the various data types available in C++?

Ans:

Data types

A data type in a programming language is a set of data with values having predefined characteristics. Like C language, C++ also supports different data types. C++ language supports the following data types: char, int, float, double. The basic data types have various modifiers preceding them.

The list of modifiers is: signed, unsigned, long and short.

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2. What is the difference between the do-while and the while statements?

Ans: The primary difference between do-while and while statements in programming lies in when the condition is evaluated and how many times the loop’s body is guaranteed to execute.

 

Here are the key differences and some example code snippets to illustrate: 

 

While Statement Condition Evaluation: The condition is evaluated before the loop body is executed.

 

Execution

 

3. Brief about class and objects.

Ans: Classes and Objects in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Class

 

A class is a blueprint or template for creating objects. It defines a set of attributes and methods that the created objects will have. A class encapsulates data for the object and methods to manipulate that data. Essentially, it represents a real-world entity or concept.

Key Characteristics of a Class: 

Attributes (Fields): Variables that hold the data or properties of an object.

 

 

 

 

Set-IInd

 

 

4. Define exception. Explain exception handling mechanism.

Ans:

Exception Handling Mechanism

The exception handling mechanism in C++ is built upon the three keywords named as try, throw and catch. The block of statements which generates exceptions are prefaced by the “try” keyword. These blocks of statements are called “try block”. When, an exception is detected, it is thrown using a throw statement in the try block. A “catch block” defined by the keyword “catch” catches the exception thrown by the throw statement in the try block, and handles it

 

throwing exception

5. List and explain the STL components.

Ans:

STL Components

There are many components present in STL. But there are three major components in STL namely:

• Containers

• Algorithms

6. Explain the types of methods to open a file.

Ans:

Opening a file For opening a file you have to create a file stream and link it to a filename. You can define a filename using if stream, of stream and fstream classes. These classes are contained in the header file fstream. Selection of classes which you are going to use depends on the purpose, i.e., whether you want to write data to the files or to read data from the files. There are two ways

SESSION	MARCH 2024
PROGRAM	BACHELOR of CoMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA)
SEMESTER	II
course CODE & NAME	DCA1202 – Data Structure and Algorithm
CREDITS	4

 

Set-IST

 

1. What are the characteristics and Building Blocks of an Algorithm? And what are Control Mechanism and Control structures?

Ans:

Characteristics of an Algorithm

An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem.

The key characteristics of an algorithm include: 

 

Finiteness: An algorithm must always terminate after a finite number of steps. This ensures that the algorithm will

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2. A. What are Binary trees? How many types of Binary trees are there, discuss?

Ans:

Definition: A binary tree is a special case of tree where no node of a tree can have a degree of more than two. Therefore, a binary tree is a set of zero or more nodes T such that:

1. i) There is a specially designated node called the root of the tree
2. ii) The remaining nodes are partitioned into two disjointed sets, T1 and T2, each of which is a binary tree. T1

 

 

1. Discuss the linked storage representation of binary tree.

Ans: Linked storage representation of binary tree The most popular way to present a binary tree is Linked storage representation. Binary tree consists of nodes which can have at most two child, linked representation of such tree will be stored in the form shown Fig, where LPTR and RPTR denote the address

 

3. Explain the algorithms of Bubble sort and Merge sort.

Ans:

Bubble sort Bubble sort is a straightforward and simplistic method of sorting data that is used very commonly. The algorithm starts at the beginning of the data set. It compares the first two elements, and if the first is greater than the second, then it swaps them. It continues doing this for each

Set-IIND

4. A. What is dynamic memory storage and how is link list stored in memory? Write the algorithm for traversal of a singly link list.

Ans: Dynamic representation

The efficient way of representing a linked list is using the free pool of storage. In this method, there is a memory bank (which is nothing but a collection of free memory spaces) and a memory

 

 

1. What are the different types of link list? Write an algorithm to create circular list.

Ans:

Types of Linked Lists:-

 

 

5. Write the Algorithm to find the maximum and minimum items in a set of n element. Also explain the working of the algorithm.
6. Ans: Write down an array of one element. Figure out how you would find the maximum and minimum of that array.
7. Write down an array of two elements. Use the algorithm you created to solve step (1) to find the minimum and maximum of the sub-array consisting of the first element. See how the second element changes your answer.
8. Write down an

 

 

6. A. What is Stack? Discuss the Array implementation of a stack along with push () and pop () algorithms.

Ans:

Stack

A stack is a data structures in which insertion and deletion of items are made at the one end, called the top of the stack.

We have two basic operations in stack they are push and pop.

Push Operation: Push is used to insert an item into a stack.

Pop Operation:

 

 

1. What is Queue? Discuss the Array implementation of a queue along with enqueue () and Dequeue () algorithms.

Ans:

Queue

A queue is a linear list of elements in which deletions can take place only at one end, called the front and insertions can take place only at the other end, called the rear as referred in the figure. The terms “front” and “rear” are used in describing a linear list only when it is implemented as a q

SESSION	March 2024
PROGRAM	BACHELOR of COMPUTER APPLICATION (BCA)
SEMESTER	II
course CODE & NAME	DCA1201 – OPERATING SYSTEM
CREDITS	4

 

Assignment Set – 1^st

Questions

1. Explain the evolution of operating systems. Write a brief note on operating system structures

Ans:

Evolution of Operating Systems:-

1 Simple Batch Operating Systems

In the earliest days digital computers usually run from a console. I/O devices consisted of card readers, tape drives and line printers. Direct user interaction with the system did not exist. Users made a job consisting of programs, data and control information. The job was submitted to an operator who would execute the job on the

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2. What is Scheduling? Discuss the CPU scheduling algorithms.

Ans: The main objective of multiprogramming is to see that some process is always running so as to maximize CPU utilization whereas in the case of time sharing, the CPU is to be switched between processes frequently, so that users interact with the system while their programs are executing. In a uniprocessor system, there is always a single process running while the other processes need to wait till they get the CPU for execution on being scheduled.

Evaluation of CPU Scheduling Algorithms

We have many scheduling

 

3. Discuss Inter process Communication and critical-section problem along with use of semaphores.

Ans: Inter process Communication (IPC)

Inter process Communication (IPC) is a mechanism that allows processes to communicate with each other and synchronize their actions. Various IPC techniques exist, each suitable for different types of tasks and requirements.

Some common IPC methods include: 

Pipes: A pipe is a

 

Assignment Set – 2^nd

Questions

 

4. A. What is a Process Control Block? What information does it hold and why?

 

Ans: Process Control Block Every process has a number and a process control block (PCB) represents a process in an operating system. The PCB serves as a repository of information about a process and varies from process to process. The PCB contains information that makes the process an active entity. A PCB is shown in Figure 1.

It contains many pieces of

 

5. a. Discuss the different File Access Methods.

Ans:

File Access Methods Information is stored in files. Files reside on secondary storage. When this information is to be used, it has to be accessed and brought into primary main memory. Information in files could be accessed in many ways. It is usually dependent on an application.

Access methods could be:-

 

6. Explain the different Multiprocessor Interconnections and types of Multiprocessor Operating Systems.

Ans: Multiprocessor Interconnections The nature of multiprocessor interconnections has an effect on the bandwidth for communication. Complexity, cost, IPC and scalability are some features considered in interconnections.

Basic architectures for multiprocessor interconnections are as follows:

• Bus-oriented systems
• Crossbar-

SESSION	APRIL 2024
PROGRAM	BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)
SEMESTER	II
COURSE CODE & NAME	DBB1205 – RETAIL MANAGEMENT

 

 

Assignment Set – 1

 

1. What are the different factors influencing retail consumers? Explain briefly.

Ans 1.

In the field of retail management, understanding the factors that affect consumer behaviour is essential to develop efficient marketing strategies and increasing satisfaction of customers. Many factors influence the behavior of retail customers, such as:

Psychological Factors: They are a combination of perception, motivation, beliefs, learning and beliefs. Perception influences how consumers perceive the information they receive about brands and products and motivation is the primary driver behind their purchasing choices. The lessons learned from previous experiences

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2. Define Merchandise Planning? Explain the stages of Merchandise planning in detail.

Ans 2.

Merchandise Planning:

Planning for merchandise is an essential element of managing retail. It includes the strategic selection, distribution, procurement and sale of products to satisfy the needs of the customers, while also achieving the retail’s financial objectives. It covers a variety of activities that include assortment planning, pricing, inventory management, and promotions, all of which are aimed to increase sales, profit, and satisfaction of customers.

Stages of

 

3. Define:

Market Segmentation

Retail communication Mix 

Ans 3.

Market Segmentation

Market segmentation is a shrewd method employed by companies to separate a market into distinct and distinct segments with similar characteristics, needs, or behaviours. This allows companies to customize their products or services and marketing strategies to suit the particular requirements and preferences of each segment, ultimately increasing the satisfaction of customers and maximizing profits. Market segmentation is based on realization that not all customers are alike, and that different types of customers require a different approach to reach and satisfy them.

There are a variety of ways to

 

 

Assignment Set – 2

 

4. What is store design? Explain its elements in detail.

Ans 4.

Store Design

The term “store design” refers to the layout, interior design, and the overall layout of retail stores. It is a key factor in influencing the perceptions of customers as well as their general shopping experiences. A well-designed store will attract customers, improve brand image and ultimately increase sales. Designing a store requires careful design and analysis of various aspects to create a functional attractive, visually appealing, and friendly retail space for customers.

Elements of Store Design:

Store Layout: Store layout is the physical arrangement of displays, fixtures, aisles, and other

 

5. Explain in detail the procedure for store administration.

Ans 5.

Store administration is an essential aspect of managing retail that includes overseeing the day-today operations of a retail establishment to ensure that it runs smoothly and maximum performance. The process for managing a store comprises a number of key steps which are listed below:

• Staff management: First step of the administration of a store is to manage the staff of the store. This involves recruiting, hiring and training, as well as scheduling and supervising employees to ensure

 

 

6. Explain the modern retail formats in detail.

Ans 6.

Modern retail formats are the different types of formats for retail that have developed in response to changes in consumer preferences and technological advances, as well as market trends. These formats are distinguished by their unique approaches to marketing, customer interaction, and efficiency in operation. The most important contemporary retail formats are:

Hypermarkets: Hypermarkets can be described as large-scale retail stores that are a combination of the convenience of a supermarket with department stores. They provide a variety of goods, such as clothes, groceries, electronics and household items, all in one place. Hypermarkets are renowned for their wide

SESSION	APRIL 2024
PROGRAM	BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)
SEMESTER	II
COURSE CODE & NAME	DBB1204 – QUALITY MANAGEMENT

 

 

Assignment Set – 1

 

1. Discuss Deming Cycle and Crosby’s Four Absolutes of Quality.

Ans 1.

Deming Cycle (PDCA Cycle)

The Deming Cycle, also known as the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) Cycle, is a logical sequence of steps that are used to ensure continuous improvement of quality in processes. It was developed by Dr. W. Edwards Deming an internationally renowned expert in quality management The Deming Cycle is extensively used in a variety of industries to improve the quality of services, products, and processes. The four phases that comprise Deming Cycle are as follows: Deming cycle are the following:

Plan: In this initial phase, the Its Half solved only

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2. How is the McKinsey 7S model used for carrying out strategic planning and implementation?

Ans 2.

It is based on the idea that McKinsey 7S model was developed by the consulting company McKinsey & Company to help companies with strategic planning and implementation. It is based on the notion that in order for an organization to succeed seven essential elements need to be in sync and mutually strengthening. They are classified into two categories that are called soft and hard elements.

The hard elements include:

Strategy: It is the strategy devised to sustain and increase competitive advantages over competitors. It is the process

 

3. What is the cost of quality? Why is it important to measure? List common costs of poor quality.

Ans 3.

Cost of Quality (COQ)

The term Cost of Quality (COQ) refers to the total amount that an organization incurs to ensure that its products and services are of high quality. It covers costs related to the need to ensure compliance with requirements and also costs arising from the failure to conform to the quality standards. COQ is a crucial metric for companies since it gives insight into the effectiveness of their quality control processes and the effect of quality on overall business performance.

Importance of

 

Assignment Set – 2

 

 

4. What is meant by Quality Audit? What is its purpose?

Ans 4.

Quality Audit:

Quality audits are an extensive process that involves looking at all aspects of a business’s Quality Management System (QMS) to make sure it’s functioning efficiently and in compliance with the standards required. It usually involves an extensive review of procedures, documents, and practices to ensure compliance with established guidelines, standards of quality, or guidelines. Audits are performed by qualified and independent auditors who evaluate the company’s compliance with quality standards as well as best practice. In identifying areas of non-compliance or

 

 

5. Write short notes on the following concepts:
6. a) Recognition and rewards
7. b) Suggestion systems

Ans 5.

1. a) Recognition and rewards

Rewards and recognition are essential in motivating employees and increasing their satisfaction at work. Recognition is the act of acknowledging and recognizing employees’ efforts and accomplishments, while rewards are tangible rewards or incentives that employees receive in recognition of their achievements. Both are crucial tools for companies to encourage positive behavior and motivate employees to perform to their highest potential.

Recognition can come in many forms, including speeches of praise, certificates or public acknowledgement at newsletters or meetings. It could also be accompanied by other rewards that are not monetary, like

6. Discuss about IMC Ramakrishna Bajaj National Quality Award.

Ans 6.

IMC Ramakrishna Bajaj National Quality Award

The IMC Ramakrishna Bajaj National Quality Award (IMC RBNQA) is among the most sought-after high-end quality prizes in India. It was created in 1991, by the Indian Merchants’ Chamber (IMC) in conjunction in conjunction with Quality Council of India (QCI) to encourage excellence in quality within Indian organisations. The award was named in honor of Ramakrishna Bajaj, a renowned Indian industrialist and philanthropist who is known for his work in industries and education.

IMC RBNQA IMC

SESSION	APRIL 2024
PROGRAM	BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)
SEMESTER	II
COURSE CODE & NAME	DBB1203 – HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

  

 

Assignment Set – 1

 

1. Define Human Resource Management. Explain the difference between Personnel Management and HRM.

Ans 1.

Definition of Human Resource Management (HRM):

Human Resource Management (HRM) is the systematic and unified method of managing the company’s most valuable assets that is the employees who collectively and individually contribute to achieving its objectives. HRM is concerned with the management of employees within organizations, with an emphasis on policies and processes. It encompasses tasks such as recruitment, selection and training and development, appraisal of performance along with employee relations. HRM’s goal HRM is to maximize the productivity of an enterprise by improving the performance of its employees, while

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2. How dose Selection differ from Recruitment? Differentiate between Internal and External sources of Recruitment.

Ans 2.

Selection vs. Recruitment:

Selection and recruitment are two significant processes within HR management, but these two procedures differ in purpose and the purpose. In recruitment, it is the act of identifying and attracting potential candidates for the job. This includes things like the posting of a job, advertising and finding candidates. On the other hand selecting is the process of choosing the best candidate from the list of candidates recruited for the job. It entails screening applicants in interviews, conducting interviews, and reviewing their abilities and abilities. It is all about attracting prospective candidates, whereas selection is about

 

 

 

3. What is Human Resource Planning? Explain the significance of planning human resource.

Ans 3.

Human Resource Planning:

Human Resource Planning (HRP) is a proactive way of managing an organization’s human capital in order to meet both future and present requirements. It involves a comprehensive analysis of the organization’s objectives, strategies, and available resources to identify the essential personnel resources required to achieve your goals. HRP encompasses several key steps, including forecasting requirements for employees based upon things like the growth of business, technological advancements, and

 

 

 

 

 

Assignment Set – 2

 

4. What is training? Explain different job training methods.

Ans 4.

Training:

A training program is acquiring the knowledge, skills, and capabilities required to carry out a specific job or task efficiently. It’s a planned, systematic and planned approach to improve efficiency and performance of employees by expanding their abilities. Training can be offered to employees at various stages of their careers, ranging from onboarding new hires to developing existing employees’ capabilities in order to meet the changing needs of their job.

Different Job Training Methods:

On-the-Job Training (OJT): On-the-job training is a common method in which employees are taught by doing duties under the guidance of a more knowledgeable employee. It’s practical and

 

5. What are the goals of Performance Appraisal? Explain its various modern methods.

Ans 5.

Goals of Performance Appraisal:

Performance appraisal is a planned procedure of evaluating employees’ performance as well as providing feedback to help them develop and improve their abilities. The objectives of appraisal are:

• Assessing Performance: The purpose of performance appraisal is to measure the employee’s performance against defined goals and standards. It assists in identifying weaknesses and areas of improvement.

 

 

6. Explain various challenges faced in International Human Resource Management.

Ans 6.

Challenges in International Human Resource Management (IHRM):

International Human Resource Management (IHRM) involves the management of human resources within multinational organizations (MNCs) across various countries and cultures. It presents several unique challenges that HR managers have to address in order to ensure efficient management of employees across the globe. Some of the most important challenges in IHRM are:

SESSION	APRIL 2024
PROGRAM	BACHEOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)
SEMESTER	II
COURSE CODE & NAME	DBB1202 – FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING

 

 

Assignment Set – 1

 

 

 

1. Elaborate the following accounting concepts:
2. Accounting period
3. Accrual
4. Going concern
5. Realization

Ans 1.

Here’s an elaboration on each of the accounting concepts:

The accounting period is the exact period of time during which a business prepares its financial statements. It’s typically a whole year, however it can be a quarter or a month. The goal of having one’s accounting term is that it will provide current and pertinent information to the stakeholders who need it for making decisions. When a period is defined it allows businesses to compare their performance across various periods and assess their financial health.

For instance when a company decides to choose an annual calendar (January 1st to the 31st of December) the accounting period each financial transaction which occur within this timeframe will be recorded in the Its Half solved only

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2. Narrate the objectives and features of final accounts.

Ans 2.

Also known also as financial statements are the summarization of the financial transactions of a business during a particular time period, usually a year or quarter. They accomplish several goals and come with distinct features that help stakeholders understand what is happening with the finances as well as performance of the company.

Objectives of the Final Accounts:

• Assess Financial Performance: The principal purpose of final accounts is to evaluate the financial performance of a business over a specific period. This includes analyzing the amount of income generated, expenses

3. Explain the meaning and types of:
4. Assets
5. Liabilities
6. Capital

Ans 3.

1. Assets:

Assets are the assets owned by an entity that possess economic value and are anticipated to bring benefits in the future. They are crucial to the running of the business and can be tangible or intangible. Tangible assets consist of physical things like equipment, buildings, and inventory and intangible assets include patents, intellectual property, and goodwill. Assets are reported as balance sheets and classified into current assets as well as non-current assets. Current assets are those expected to be transformed into cash or utilized within a year, for example accounts receivable, cash and inventory. Non-current assets, referred to as longer-term assets, are which are expected to bring benefits beyond one year, for example assets like property, plants, and equipment. Assets are essential for evaluating the financial health of a business as well as its capacity to generate cash flow in the

 

 

Assignment Set – 2

 

 

4. Discuss the various reasons of differences between cash book and pass book.

Ans 4.

The cash book and the passbook are two crucial financial records that are used in accounting, especially when it comes to bank transactions. While both records track cash transactions, they serve different functions and are maintained by various entities. They can differ in their functions. result from a variety of causes:

Timing of Entries:

One of the main reasons for differences between the passbook and cash book is the time of entry. The cash book keeps track of transactions as they occur reflecting the situation of cash in the business at any given moment. The other book, the passbook, which is kept by the bank keeps track of transactions once they are processed by the bank. The delay in recording could cause differences,

 

5. State the various classes of Shares in context of Joint Stock Companies.

Ans 5.

In the context of joint stock companies shares are the representation of ownership within the business. They are a type of equity financing, in which investors buy shares in order to become part owners of the company. Shares are divided into different categories, each having distinct rights and features. The main classes of shares that are used in joint stock companies are:

Ordinary Shares:

Also referred to

 

6. Describe the following:
7. AS1
8. AS2
9. AS6

Ans 6.

1. AS1: Disclosure of Accounting Policies

Accounting Standard 1 (AS1) deals with the disclosure of important accounting rules and procedures used by a company when preparing and presenting its financial statements. This standard seeks to ensure that the financial statements are made on a consistent basis and provide relevant and reliable information to the users.

In accordance with AS1 ASC 1 companies are required to provide their accounting policies in areas like revenue recognition and inventory valuation, depreciation, and treatment of contingent liabilities. These policies should be included in the notes to financial statements. These notes should contain specific information about the method

SESSION	APRIL 2024
PROGRAM	BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)
SEMESTER	II
COURSE CODE & NAME	DBB 1201– BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

 

 

 

 

Assignment Set – 1

 

 

 

1. Describe any five characteristics of Communication. Explain the different elements involved in the process of communication.

 

Ans 1.

Communication is an essential aspect of human interaction that is essential in both professional and personal situations. It is the exchange of ideas, information emotions, thoughts or even thoughts between groups or individuals. Five key aspects of communication:

• Two-Way Processing: Communication isn’t only about sending messages but also about comprehending and receiving the message. It is about the sending and receiving of information, typically in the form of a continuous loop.
• Transactional: Communication is a dynamic process in which both parties are involved in generating

 

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2. Differentiate between listening and hearing. Explain the different types of listening.

Ans 2.

Listening and Hearing

Hearing and listening are frequently used interchangeably, however they have distinct meanings within the context of communication.

Hearing is the physical process of detecting sound with the ear. It is an involuntary, passive process that takes place automatically whenever sound waves enter the ear. Hearing is simply the process of receiving sounds and then converting them to signals the brain is able to interpret. It’s a sense-making function that lets

3. Illustrate the different steps in making oral presentations.

Ans 3.

A successful oral presentation requires a series of key steps to will ensure that the message is clearly communicated and effectively. This is a comprehensive guide to the various steps involved:

Preparation

The preparation is the key to an effective presentation. Start by determining the goal of your presentation as well as the requirements of your audience. Determine the main message you wish to convey and then outline the key elements that will support your message. Do extensive research to find relevant details and examples to help you to strengthen your argument. Make sure your work is organized in a systematic manner and ensure a smooth flow from beginning to end.

 

Assignment Set – 2

 

4. What is a Resume? Explain the different components of a Resume.

Ans 4.

Resume

A resume is an official document that outlines the individual’s educational background, work experiences, abilities and accomplishments. It’s used to apply for positions and is usually the first impression an employer gets of a candidate. The purpose of the resume is to highlight the applicant’s skills and qualifications, as well as convince employers of their ability to fill a particular job.

Components of a Resume

A well-crafted resume usually includes

 

5. Explainthe term ‘meeting’ina business context. Enumerate the various responsibilities of a chairperson that he/she must manage efficiently, while he/she conducts a meeting. 04+06

Ans 5.

Meeting in a Business Context

A business meeting context is an official gathering of people in an company to discuss and debate particular issues, take decisions and plan actions. Meetings are a means to communicate, collaborate, and coordination between departmental members, team members, or other stakeholders. They can take place in a variety of formats, like in-person, virtual or hybrid, and may range from informal team checks-ins, to board meeting formals. Effective meetings are organized with a focus on goals and are time-efficient making sure that the participants remain focussed on the agenda and get

 

6. Define Group Discussion. Explain the types of GDs Based on the topics.

Ans 6.

Group Discussion (GD)

Group discussions are an organized communication exercise where an entire group of people come together to discuss an issue that is of interest to them. It is often employed in educational institutions as well as workplace settings to evaluate participants’ communication abilities and critical thinking capabilities, and collaboration skills. The GD typically has an instructor or moderator who leads discussions and makes sure that the discussion is on the right the right track.

Types of GDs based

SESSION	feb-March 2024
PROGRAM	Master of business administration (MBA)
SEMESTER	IV
course CODE & NAME	DBFI404 GENERAL INSURANCE MANAGEMENT
CREDITS	4

 

Assignment Set – 1^st

Questions

 

1. Write in detail about the history of nationalization of General Insurance?

Ans:

History of Nationalization of General Insurance in India The nationalization of the general insurance industry in India marked a significant transformation in the country’s insurance sector. This process, which began in the 1960s, aimed to address inefficiencies, ensure broader coverage, and promote economic development.

Here’s a detailed account of the history of nationalization of general insurance in India: 

Pre-

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2. What are the different segments in General Insurance? Elaborate?

Ans: General insurance encompasses a wide range of policies that provide financial protection against various risks and uncertainties. Unlike life insurance, which covers the risk of death, general insurance covers risks related to property, health, liability, and other areas.

Here are the main segments within general insurance, each catering to different types of risks: 

1. Property

 

3. What do you understand by General Insurance Contract? Discuss?

Ans: A General Insurance Contract is a legal agreement between an insurer and an insured that provides financial protection against specific risks and liabilities other than life-related risks. These contracts are designed to cover various forms of property damage, liability, health issues, and other risks that individuals or businesses may face. General insurance contracts are distinct from life insurance contracts, which primarily deal with the risk of death and financial protection

 

Assignment Set – 2^nd

Questions

4. Who is the regulator in Insurance? Explain its functions in detail?

Ans: Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) is the apex body responsible for regulating and developing the insurance industry in India. It was constituted by an act of Parliament, the IRDA Act, 1999, and began its operations on April 19, 2000.  Functions of IRDAI

 

 

5. What are the different kinds of Insurance documents?

Ans: In the insurance industry, various documents are used to establish, manage, and execute insurance policies. These documents serve different purposes, from providing information and legal frameworks to ensuring policyholder rights and facilitating claims processes.

Here are the different kinds of insurance documents: 

1. Proposal Form Description: A proposal form is an application form that a prospective policyholder fills out to

 

 

6. “Vehicle Insurance is an integral part in General Insurance” Discuss?

Ans: Vehicle Insurance as Integral Part of General Insurance Vehicle insurance, also known as motor insurance or auto insurance is a critical component of general insurance. It provides financial protection against losses and liabilities arising from the use of vehicles. Given the widespread ownership and use of vehicles globally, vehicle insurance plays a vital role in ensuring the safety, security, and

 

SESSION	February – March 2024
PROGRAM	MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
SEMESTER	III
course CODE & NAME	DMBA301 Research methodology
CREDITS	04

 

Assignment Set – 1^st

Questions

 

1. What do you understand by Research, explain its meaning and Further discuss various types of research designs?

Ans: Research usually starts with a question or a problem. It is conducted to find solutions through the application of those methods that are systematic and scientific. So we can say that research is a systematic approach to find the solution to a problem.

Some of the proposed definitions of research are as follows:

• ‘Research is creative and Its Half solved only

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2. Discuss various types of data. Further discuss methods of Primary data collection.

Ans: Primary data is data obtained for the first time and thus is unique. This information is in the form of raw material. Also, data collected at the source is referred to as primary data. It is obtained at the point of collection. It is derived directly from first-hand sources through surveys, observations, and experimentation and has not been subjected to any processing or manipulation. It is original and has been obtained for a specific reason directly from the initial source.

Primary data, which is more

 

3. Describe the relevance of Questionnaire and further discuss and explain various types of questions in it with their importance.

Ans: Relevance of Questionnaires

Questionnaires are a vital tool in primary data collection due to their efficiency, versatility, and ability to gather large amounts of data from diverse populations. They are used in various fields such as market research, social sciences, health care, and education.

The relevance of questionnaires

 

Assignment Set – 2

Questions

4. Explain Editing. Discuss various types of editing.

Ans: Editing is the primary step in the data processing. Editing is the process of analyzing data, collected in a survey, to identify errors and omissions and to see that they are corrected and ready for tabulation.

After all the required data is collected, an editor edits it to ensure the data is as follows:

• Accurate as possible
• Consistent with other evidence

5. 5. Research proposals and reports are an important component of research. Discuss and further describe various components of research report.

Ans: Research proposals and reports are fundamental to the research process, serving as blueprints and documentation for research projects. A research proposal outlines what the researcher intends to study and how they plan to conduct the study, while a research report provides a detailed account of the research conducted, including the findings and conclusions. 

Components of a Research Proposal

Title A concise statement of the main topic and should capture the essence of the proposed study.

 

6. A random sample of 395 people in a country was surveyed to find out if gender is independent of education level. Each person was asked to report the highest education level they had obtained. The data that resulted from the survey is summarized in the following table:

 

		HIGH SCHOOL	BACHELORS	PH. D	TOTAL
FEMALE	60	54	46	41	201
MALE	40	44	53	57	194
TOTA\L	100	98	99	98	395

 

Formulate the hypothesis and test that are gender and education level dependent at 5% level of statistical significance?

Ans: To test whether gender and education level are independent at the 5% level of significance, we can perform a Chi-Square Test of Independence.

Here is a step-by-step guide to conducting this test: 

Hypotheses –

Null Hypothesis (\(H_0\))**:

 

SESSION	jan-feb’24
PROGRAM	MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
SEMESTER	III
course CODE & NAME	DHRM304 (Human Resource Audit )
CREDITS	04

 

 

Assignment Set – 1^st

Questions

 

1. Explain the main objectives of human resource planning in an organization.

Ans:

Human resource planning is the term used to describe how organizations ensure that their employees are the “right person for doing the job”. It includes planning for recruitment, on boarding, training, and development and much more. It is the process of acquiring and utilizing human resource in an organization. It also is to ensure that an organization has the right number of employees in the right place at the right time.

The main objectives of

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2. Explain various human resource development systems.

Ans: Human Resource Development (HRD) Systems

The various functions in HRD are carried out through its systems and sub- systems. HRD has five major systems, viz. career system, work system, development system, self-renewal system and culture system and each of the systems has sub-systems. While career, work and development systems are individual or team-oriented, self-renewal and culture system are organisation-

 

3. Describe recruiting? Explain different types of interviews.

Ans: Recruiting, also known as recruitment or hiring is the process of finding, attracting, and selecting qualified candidates for jobs within an organization. It involves a series of activities aimed at identifying and engaging potential employees to fill open positions. Effective recruiting is essential for building a strong workforce that can help an organization achieve its goals and objectives.

Different types of

Assignment Set – 2^nd

Questions

4. What are the main reasons behind human resource valuation?

Ans: The main rationale behind human resource valuation can be understood by going through the following list:

1. Guarantee to customers/clients: Human resource valuation assures customers of quality and consistency. It is a means of guarantee available to customers and outsiders that the enterprise is thorough in its personnel’s efficiency to honour commitments.
2. Establishing investor confidence: The performance of an organization depends mainly upon the quality of its human

 

5. What do you understand by competency mapping? Explain any four core competencies for professionals.

Ans: Competency mapping forms an excellent tool for optimizing human capital. HR auditors should make sure that they identify the key competencies for an organisation or a particular position in an organisation, and use it for job evaluation, recruitment, training and development, performance management, succession planning, etc. They should ensure that the organisation

 

6. What do you understand by the term ‘Industrial relations’? Explain the points which can be considered for measuring the quality of HR climate.

Ans: Industrial Relations Industrial relations refers to the relationship between employers, employees, trade unions, and the government. It encompasses all aspects of the employment relationship, including the negotiation of wages, work conditions, dispute resolution, and the enforcement of labour laws. The goal of industrial relations is to maintain a harmonious work environment and promote productivity

 

SESSION	February – March 2024
PROGRAM	MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
SEMESTER	III
course CODE & NAME	DHRM303, Employee Relations management
CREDITS	04
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks	02 30 MARKS EACH

 

Assignment Set – 1^ST

Questions

1. Explain the following:

Corporate level strategy

Ans: Corporate Level Strategy Corporate level strategy is usually devised at the board level.

It defines the following for an organisation:

• The overall mission
• The game plans
• The management of the business portfolio
• The priorities of each business unit regarding resource allocation
• The structuring of the business
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2. Explain the following:
3. Deal and Kennedy’s classification of Organizational Culture

Ans: Deal and Kennedy’s classification: Deal and Kennedy (1982) classify organisational culture on the basis of feedback and risk factors as follows:

• The Tough-Guy Macho Culture: This is a very stressful culture in which feedback is quick and rewards are high. Such cult

 

 

 

3. What do you mean by organizational discipline? Explain the procedure of progressive organization discipline.

Ans: Definitions of Organisational Discipline

1. R. Spriegel and Edward Sohelge define discipline as ‘the force that prompts an individual or groups to observe rules, regulations, and procedures that are deemed necessary to the attainment of an objective’.

Michael J Jucious (1973)

 

 

Assignment Set – 2^ND

Questions

 

4. What is collective Bargaining? Explain the process of collective Bargaining in detail with suitable example.

Ans: Collective Bargaining:-

It is important to differentiate individual grievances from group grievances. If the issue involves one or a few individual employees, it is handled through a grievance procedure. But when the issue involves policy implications and wider interests, they are resolved by the method known as collective bargaining.

Collective bargaining is a

 

5. Explain the various forms of employee participation in detail.

Ans: Employee participation mainly refers to the participation of employees in decision-making. There are many ways to implement it. Employee participation can take both direct and indirect form.

However, direct methods are more popular presently. Research has suggested that an integrated approach to enhance employee participation is better than a non-integrated one. The integrated approach tries

 

6. What is Trade Union? Explain the functions of trade union in detail.

Ans: Trade union: Unions work towards accomplishing goals like increased wages and better working condition for employees. A trade union has a leader who represents the union members. The leader negotiates labour contracts with employers on behalf of the union members. The attitude of trade unions towards MNCs and responses to their impact on collective bargaining vary.

In countries like the Netherlands and the UK, trade unions normally have a positive view of MNCs and they welcome

 

SESSION	February – March 2024
PROGRAM	MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
SEMESTER	3
course CODE & NAME	DHRM302 – MANAGEMENT & oRGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
CREDITS	04

 

 

Assignment Set – 1

Questions

 

1. Describe the steps in OD process.

Ans: A logical progression of events is observed by OD Programs. Good execution is an important part of the OD program. You can better understand the various phases of OD program with the help of following figure:-

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2. Discuss the strategies to manage change with examples.

Ans: Managing change effectively is crucial for organizations to adapt to evolving environments, technologies, and market demands. Various strategies can be employed to ensure smooth transitions and minimize resistance.

Here are

 

3. Explain Lewin’s model of Organisational Change.

Ans: Lewin’s Change Model, is a three step model given by the social scientist Kurt Lewin in the year 1951. He viewed behaviour as dynamic balance of forces working in inverse directions. He believed that such driving forces can help in pushing employees in right direction.

On the other hand, there are some limiting forces which restrict employees to move in the right direction. He claimed that such forces should be analysed and can be easily shifted using this three-

 

Assignment Set – 2

Questions

 

4. Discuss the factors influencing ethical judgements.

Ans: Qualitative evaluation techniques on the other hand include survey comments, focus group interviews and observations. Such techniques are more time consuming for analysis but provide a rich source of information about contextual data and subtleties. Therefore, a combination of both these evaluation methods remains fruitful in OD intervention evaluation. Organisation surveys are the best evaluation method as it provides both quantitative and qualitative data for a wider employee range.

Example: In the merger

 

5. Discuss the different types of qualitative evaluation methods available to managers.

Ans: Now, you can describe the various types of available methods of evaluating interventions both qualitative and quantitative, as:

1. Experimental – randomised control trial (RCT): The best accepted gold standard of evaluation is RCT which is used to provide highest quality of evidence to represent the success or failure of OD intervention. In such a method, you first randomly allocate the study population into received or not received intervention. After this randomisation becomes adequate, other factors

 

6. Explain the types of techno-structural interventions with the help of suitable examples.

Ans: There are various types of techno-structural interventions as follows:

• Structural Design
• Downsizing
• Re-engineering
• Parallel Structures

1 Structural Design You will find that structural design in contracted sense can be defined as the process in which reshaping of the organisation roles and structures are done. You can define it in a broader sense as the alignment of structures, rewards, processes, talent and metrics of an organisation with its business strategy. It tells you how the overall work of an organisation is divided into subunits and how work is coordinated among these sub units for task completion.

 

SESSION	February – March 2024
PROGRAM	MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
SEMESTER	III
course CODE & NAME	DHRM-301, MANPOWER PLANNING AND SOURCING
CREDITS	04

 

 

Assignment Set – 1^st

Questions

 

1. Describe the 5 steps in manpower planning and throw some light on the obstacles faced in manpower planning.

Ans: An organization which is understaffed loses on account of economies of scale, loses out on orders, customers and profits. An organization which is overstaffed wastes its money on people who are not productive.

To lay-off people, the company has to shell out severance pay or notice period pay of 3 months, face legal challenges and also political challenges. One of the pitfalls of overstaffing is that when you lay off employees, these employees know a lot about your business and could be absorbed by your competitors. Your competitors may leverage the business practices

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2. Demand Forecasting plays an important role in Manpower planning. Justify

What are the advantages of Human Resourcing Accounting in modern day business?

Ans: Justification of Demand Forecasting in Manpower Planning Demand forecasting is the process of estimating future demand for products, services, or resources based on historical data, market trends, and other relevant factors.

In the context of manpower planning, demand forecasting plays a crucial role for several reasons: 

Optimizing Workforce Allocation: By accurately predicting future demand for labour, organizations can ensure they

 

 

3. “An HR provides key inputs for Manpower Planning”. Throw some light on this statement.

Competency Mapping is an integral part of Manpower Planning. Explain.

Ans: An assessments and organizational goals. By investing in employee training programs, HR helps develop the skills and competencies needed to meet current and future manpower needs.

Succession Planning: HR engages in succession planning to ensure continuity in key roles within the organization. By identifying high-potential employees and developing talent pipelines, HR mitigates

 

 

Assignment Set – 2^nd

Questions

 

4. Discuss the various Methods of Recruitment. How does “Train to Hire” is an effective method of Recruitment nowadays. Also throw some light on the concept of E-Recruitment.

Ans: Methods of Recruitment

Recruitment is the process of attracting and sourcing qualified candidates to fill open positions within an organization. Various methods are employed to reach potential candidates.

Some common methods of recruitment include: 

Internal Recruitment:  Promoting from within the organization by identifying and considering existing employees for open positions. Advantages include cost-effectiveness, motivation for current

 

5. Explain the selection process adopted for selecting the best candidate in detail.

Elaborate the important steps to be kept in mind by HR managers while designing an induction program?

Ans: Selection Process for Selecting the Best Candidate The selection process is a series of steps designed to identify and choose the most suitable candidate for a job opening. Each step aims to assess the candidate’s qualifications, skills, experience, and fit with the organization’s culture and job requirements.

Here’s an overview of the

 

 

6. What are the various reasons behind Employee “Turnover”. Explain State the relevance of Talent Engagement and Career Management in Manpower Planning.

Ans: Employee Turnover 

Employee turnover refers to the rate at which employees leave an organization and need to be replaced.

Several reasons contribute to employee turnover, including: 

Lack of Career Growth: Employees may leave if they perceive limited opportunities for career advancement or professional

 

SESSION	FEBRUARY-MARCH 2024
PROGRAM	MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
SEMESTER	III
COURSE CODE & NAME	DFIN304 – INTERNAL AUDIT AND CONTROL

 

 

Assignment Set – 1

 

1. Elaborate the various qualities required in an Internal Auditor.

Ans 1.

To further define the different characteristics required of an Internal Auditor, we will identify the most important attributes and skills that make an efficient internal auditor.

Integrity, Ethics and Ethical Behavior

Integrity is the foundation of the job of an internal auditor. They must follow an uncompromising code of ethics in order to maintain honesty and transparency when they perform their duties. This ensures that their

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2. Discuss the key clauses of ISO 31000:2009.

Ans 2.

ISO 31000:2009 is an set of international standards that provide guidelines for risk management that are that are applicable to all organizations, no matter the size, or type of business. The main goal of ISO 31000:2009 is helping companies identify, evaluate, and reduce risks in order to meet their goals and improve decision-making. The standard provides a number of key clauses that are the basis of a successful risk management.

One of the most important elements of ISO 31000:2009 is the creation of a framework for risk management which will

 

 

3. State the features of Internal Audit. Also narrate the various types of Internal controls.

Ans 3.

Features of Internal Audit

Internal audit is an essential job in an organization. It seeks to provide independent and objective assessments of the company’s operations, financial procedures, and control systems. One of the most important aspects of internal audit is its independence which guarantees that internal auditors are able to perform their tasks without having any influence from the management. This is essential for giving honest and impartial evaluations.

Another important aspect is objectivity. Internal auditors need to be impartial in their reports and evaluations making sure that their findings and recommendations are based only on the facts and evidence discovered during the audit process. Professional proficiency is also crucial for internal auditors, since they must have the required expertise, knowledge and expertise to complete their duties efficiently

Assignment Set – 2

 

4. Describe Internal control procedure for Inventory.

Ans 4.

Internal Control Procedure for Inventory

A well-functioning internal control system for inventory is essential to ensure the accuracy and credibility of an organization’s financial statements, securing assets and maximizing the management of inventory. Internal control procedures for inventory includes several important elements:

Separation of

 

5. Explain the various Internal control schemes.

Ans 5.

Internal control systems are vital structures designed to guarantee the integrity of the financial and operational processes within an organisation. They aid in preventing mistakes, detecting fraud and in ensuring compliance with laws and regulations. Here are a few of the different internal control systems that are commonly used in companies:

Preventive Prevention

Preventive controls are strategies designed to prevent errors or irregularities prior to they happen. They comprise policies and

 

6. Narrate the scope of Audit in computerized environment.

Ans 6.

Scope of Audit in a Computerized Environment

The introduction of computerized systems has dramatically changed the process of auditing and has opened up new possibilities and new challenges. Auditing in a computer-based environment covers many critical areas, each of which is crucial to guaranteeing the security, accuracy and integrity of operational and financial information.

Systems and Applications

SESSION	MARCH 2024
PROGRAM	MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
SEMESTER	III
COURSE CODE & NAME	DFIN302 – MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS

 

 

Assignment Set – 1

 

1. What do you understand by the concept of mergers & acquisitions? How will you justify the reasons and motives behind merger?

Ans 1.

Concept of Mergers & Acquisitions

Acquisitions, mergers or acquisitions (M&A) refers to the fusion of businesses or assets by way of various financial transactions. The term “merger” is used to describe the process by which two businesses join to form an entity new to the market, while an acquisition involves one firm buying another. M&A actions are strategic choices to achieve the growth of the business, competitive advantage or other goals for business.

Reasons and Motives Behind Mergers

Expanding and Growth:

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2. “To examine the issues that may contribute to the failure of acquisition and value destruction, a five-stage model of mergers and acquisitions was developed by the author Sudi Sudarsanam.” Justify the statement by describing five stage model in detail.

Ans 2.

Five-Stage Model of Mergers and Acquisitions by Sudi Sudarsanam

Sudi Sudarsanam, an acknowledged expert in the field of corporate finance, has developed an extensive five-stage model to study mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and to understand why the majority of these deals fail, which can lead to loss of value instead of creating. The model offers a systematic approach to analyzing the entire M&A process, and identifies potential problems at every stage. The five phases are:

1. Strategy Planning Stage The initial stage is the strategic planning process and the rationale for pursuing a merger or acquisition. Businesses must determine their goals for strategic planning, like expanding their market, diversifying or achieving synergies. An in-depth analysis of the landscape of

 

 

3. Discuss in brief Management Buyout. Explain themotives and structure of Management Buyout.

Management Buyout (MBO)

The Management Buyout (MBO) can be described as an arrangement in which the current management team of a business buys a significant portion or the entire ownership stake in the business from the current owners. This kind of deal is usually pursued by the management team when they believe they are able to run the business more efficiently or profitably than the current structure of ownership allows. MBOs are often used in cases when a business is performing poorly or undervalued, or the owners currently in charge are seeking to sell the business.

Motives for Management Buyout

Affiliation of Interests: One of

Assignment Set – 2

 

Ans 4.

An Announcement of Public offer (PAO) is an official communication issued by a business to announce the intention of acquiring an important stake in a publically traded business. The PAO is an important document that must meet the regulations and provide precise and complete information to the shareholders of the target company. The contents of the PAO generally includes the following information:

Identification of the Acquirer: The PAO must clearly identify the company that is acquiring with its name as well as its registered address and other pertinent information. This will help shareholders and

 

5. Discuss basis of valuation in detail with suitable example.

Ans 5.

Valuation is the method of determining the present value of an asset or company. It is an essential element of investment and finance because it assists analysts, investors and businesses make educated choices about buying, selling, and investing into assets. There are a variety of methods to determine the value of an asset, each having their own foundation and suitability in relation to the situation. In this article, we will look at the most common valuation bases and provide examples of:

Market-Based valuation: The

6. Write a short note on the following:
7. Post merger integration model.
8. Political and cultural aspect of integration.

Ans 6.

1. Post merger integration model.

The post-merger integration (PMI) is an essential procedure that occurs following the conclusion of an acquisition or merger. It involves integrating the operations and systems, as well as the cultures of the two entities in order to reap the benefits and synergies of the merger. Different frameworks and models have been created to help businesses throughout this PMI process. One of these models is the 7-S framework that was created in collaboration with McKinsey & Company. The model highlights seven essential elements that must be in sync for successful integration structures, strategy, staff, systems style, shared values. Another model that is popular is the Five-Stage

SESSION	MARCH 2024
PROGRAM	MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
SEMESTER	III
COURSE CODE & NAME	DFIN302 – MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS

 

 

Assignment Set – 1

 

1. What do you understand by the concept of mergers & acquisitions? How will you justify the reasons and motives behind merger?

Ans 1.

Concept of Mergers & Acquisitions

Acquisitions, mergers or acquisitions (M&A) refers to the fusion of businesses or assets by way of various financial transactions. The term “merger” is used to describe the process by which two businesses join to form an entity new to the market, while an acquisition involves one firm buying another. M&A actions are strategic choices to achieve the growth of the business, competitive advantage or other goals for business.

Reasons and Motives Behind Mergers

Expanding and Growth:

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2. “To examine the issues that may contribute to the failure of acquisition and value destruction, a five-stage model of mergers and acquisitions was developed by the author Sudi Sudarsanam.” Justify the statement by describing five stage model in detail.

Ans 2.

Five-Stage Model of Mergers and Acquisitions by Sudi Sudarsanam

Sudi Sudarsanam, an acknowledged expert in the field of corporate finance, has developed an extensive five-stage model to study mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and to understand why the majority of these deals fail, which can lead to loss of value instead of creating. The model offers a systematic approach to analyzing the entire M&A process, and identifies potential problems at every stage. The five phases are:

1. Strategy Planning Stage The initial stage is the strategic planning process and the rationale for pursuing a merger or acquisition. Businesses must determine their goals for strategic planning, like expanding their market, diversifying or achieving synergies. An in-depth analysis of the landscape of

 

 

3. Discuss in brief Management Buyout. Explain themotives and structure of Management Buyout.

Management Buyout (MBO)

The Management Buyout (MBO) can be described as an arrangement in which the current management team of a business buys a significant portion or the entire ownership stake in the business from the current owners. This kind of deal is usually pursued by the management team when they believe they are able to run the business more efficiently or profitably than the current structure of ownership allows. MBOs are often used in cases when a business is performing poorly or undervalued, or the owners currently in charge are seeking to sell the business.

Motives for Management Buyout

Affiliation of Interests: One of

Assignment Set – 2

 

Ans 4.

An Announcement of Public offer (PAO) is an official communication issued by a business to announce the intention of acquiring an important stake in a publically traded business. The PAO is an important document that must meet the regulations and provide precise and complete information to the shareholders of the target company. The contents of the PAO generally includes the following information:

Identification of the Acquirer: The PAO must clearly identify the company that is acquiring with its name as well as its registered address and other pertinent information. This will help shareholders and

 

5. Discuss basis of valuation in detail with suitable example.

Ans 5.

Valuation is the method of determining the present value of an asset or company. It is an essential element of investment and finance because it assists analysts, investors and businesses make educated choices about buying, selling, and investing into assets. There are a variety of methods to determine the value of an asset, each having their own foundation and suitability in relation to the situation. In this article, we will look at the most common valuation bases and provide examples of:

Market-Based valuation: The

6. Write a short note on the following:
7. Post merger integration model.
8. Political and cultural aspect of integration.

Ans 6.

1. Post merger integration model.

The post-merger integration (PMI) is an essential procedure that occurs following the conclusion of an acquisition or merger. It involves integrating the operations and systems, as well as the cultures of the two entities in order to reap the benefits and synergies of the merger. Different frameworks and models have been created to help businesses throughout this PMI process. One of these models is the 7-S framework that was created in collaboration with McKinsey & Company. The model highlights seven essential elements that must be in sync for successful integration structures, strategy, staff, systems style, shared values. Another model that is popular is the Five-Stage

SESSION	MARCH 2024
PROGRAM	MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
SEMESTER	III
COURSE CODE & NAME	DFIN301 – SECURITY ANALYSIS AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT

 

 

Assignment Set – 1

 

1. Explain the characteristics of investment. What are the common mistakes made by investors in investment management?

Ans 1.

Characteristics of investment

The term “investment” refers to the act of allocating resources, typically money, in the hope of earning a profits. The main features of an investment are:

Return and Risk: The investment process is inherently risky and carries certain risks that is the risk of losing a portion or all of the initial investment. Return is the profit or loss that is incurred on the investment over time. Investors seek an equilibrium where the potential return is greater than the risk taken.

Time Horizon: The

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2. Discuss the following:
3. Primary market and Secondary market
4. Money market and Capital market

Ans 2.

1. Primary market and Secondary market

The main market is where new securities are purchased and sold in the very first instance. This is the place where businesses government, corporations, or other organizations raise capital by offering new bonds or stocks to investors. In the main marketplace, the securities will be offered direct by issuers directly to investors, typically through processes like the initial public offering (IPOs) or bonds issued. This market has become essential for governments and businesses to raise money for a variety of reasons, including expansion, infrastructure development or refinancing debt.

The secondary market is where securities are traded between investors following their initial release on the main market. The secondary market is a source of liquidity for investors looking to purchase or sell securities that they already have. In contrast to the primary market, which is where the issuer issues securities, on the secondary market, securities are traded among investors, and the issuer doesn’t

3. The distribution of returns for share P and the market portfolio M is given below:

Probability	Return(%)
	P	M
0.3	10%	15%
0.2	20%	25%
0.2	-10%	-5%
0.3	30%	20%

 

Ans 3.

Finance is concerned with the return distribution for a particular share (Share P) and markets portfolio (M). The table gives us the likelihood of each return, as well as the percentage of return that corresponds to it.

Step 1: Understand the table

The table lists the probabilities of each return that occurs for Share P as well as Portfolio M. Portfolio M. The probabilities are 1 which is the minimum requirement for the probability distribution.

Step 2: Calculate the expected return

 

 

Assignment Set – 2

 

 

4. Compare the fundamental and technical analysis techniques of security analysis.

Ans 4.

Technical and fundamental analysis comprise the two principal methods employed in security analysis to assess and predict the value of financial assets, however they differ in methods and the underlying principles.

Fundamental analysis is a method of evaluating the intrinsic value of a security by looking at related financial, economic as well as other qualitative and quantitative aspects. This method involves looking at the financial statements of a company, including its balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement in order to evaluate the financial condition and its

 

5. Emma invested 50% of her portfolio in a Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) with a return of 12% and the remaining 50% in a government bond with a return of 4%. Calculate the expected return for Emma’s portfolio. 10

Ans 5.

To determine the expected return of Emma’s portfolio, we calculate an average weighted of the returns of each investment within the portfolio. In the case that Emma has put 50% of the portfolio into an Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) which has an annual return of 12% and the other 50 percent in a bond issued by the government that yields 4.4%, we could apply the following formula:

Expected Return=(w1​×r1​)+(w2​×r2​)

where:

• w1​ is the weight of the first investment (REIT) in the portfolio
• r1​ is the return of the first investment (REIT)
• w2​ is the weight of the

 

6. Discuss the implications of Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) for Security Analysis and Portfolio Management.

Ans 6.

The Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) is a key theory in finance, which asserts that the financial market is “informationally effective,” which means that the asset prices reflect all information available at any time. This theory has important implications for the analysis of security risks and portfolio management, which affects how investors view the market and build their portfolios.

Impacts of EMH to Security

SESSION	FEBRUARY – MARCH 2024
PROGRAM	MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
SEMESTER	03
COURSE CODE & NAME	DMBA302 & LEGAL ASPECTS OF BUSINESS
CREDITS	04

 

 

Assignment Set – 1^ST

Questions

 

1. What is meant by dissolution of a firm and dissolution of partnership? Under what circumstances dissolution of firm takes place?

Ans:

Dissolution of a firm and dissolution of a partnership, though related, have distinct meanings and implications in the context of business partnerships.  Dissolution of a Partnership Dissolution of a partnership refers to the termination of the partnership agreement among the partners.

 

This dissolution marks the end of

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2. Who is agent? Describe the rights of an agent against his principal.

Ans:

An agent is a person or entity authorized to act on behalf of another person or entity, known as the principal, in business or legal matters. The agent’s actions bind the principal as if the principal had undertaken the actions themselves. This relationship is known as an agency relationship and is fundamental in various fields such as law, business, and real estate.

 

Rights of an agent

An agent has a number of rights.

 

 

3. “All contracts are agreements, but all agreements are not contracts.” Discuss the statement explaining the essential elements of a valid contract.

Ans:

The statement “All contracts are agreements, but all agreements are not contracts” highlights the distinction between agreements and legally enforceable contracts. To understand this statement, it’s essential to know what constitutes an agreement and what additional elements transform an agreement into a contract.  Agreements An agreement is a mutual understanding between two or more parties about their rights and duties regarding past or future performances. Essentially, it involves a “meeting of the minds” where all parties involved consent to the terms of the agreement.

 

 

Assignment Set – 2^ND

Questions

 

4. State the essential elements of a contract of sale under the Sale of Goods Act, 1930.

Ans:

The Sale of Goods Act, 1930 governs the sale of goods in India and outlines the essential elements of a contract of sale. A contract of sale involves the transfer of ownership of goods from the seller to the buyer for a price.

 

Here are the essential elements required for a valid contract of sale under the Sale of Goods Act, 1930: 

 

Essential Elements of a Contract of Sale Two Parties: 

 

There must be two distinct parties involved in the contract of sale: a seller (who sells the goods) and a

 

5. Define a patent. Describe the procedure for obtaining a patent.

Ans: Definition of a Patent

 

A patent is an exclusive legal right granted by a government authority to an inventor for a specified period, usually 20 years from the filing date of the patent application. This right allows the inventor to exclude others from making, using, selling, or distributing the patented invention without permission.

Patents are granted for

 

6. What are the powers and functions of the Competition Commission?

Ans:

The Competition Commission of India (CCI) is a statutory body responsible for enforcing the Competition Act, 2002 in India. Its primary role is to ensure fair competition in the market and prevent practices that have an adverse effect on competition.

 

Below are the powers and functions of the Competition Commission: 

 

 

SESSION SPRING 2024

PROGRAM MASTER OF ARTS (MA) – ENGLISH

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME MAEC101– DRAMA I

Assignment Set – 1^ST

Questions

 

 

1. Discuss the representation of society in The Rivals?

Ans: “The Rivals” by Richard Brinsley Sheridan is a classic comedy of manners that offers a satirical portrayal of late 18th-century British society. Through its colourful characters, witty dialogue, and intricate plot, the play provides a humorous yet incisive commentary on the social norms, values, and foibles of the time. 

Class and Social Hierarchy: “The Rivals” depicts a society stratified by class and social status, where distinctions of birth, wealth, and reputation are paramount.

Characters like Sir Anthony

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2. Is King Lear a Tragedy? Justify your answer.

Ans: Yes, “King Lear” is widely considered to be a tragedy, and there are several key elements within the play that justify this classification: 

Tragic Hero: King Lear himself fits the archetype of the tragic hero. He is a figure of high rank and status, possessing noble qualities such as wisdom and authority.

However, Lear’s tragic flaw, his hubris and inability to see beyond his own pride, leads to his downfall. His journey from power to madness and eventual death is central to the tragic trajectory of the play.

Fatal Flaw and Reversal of Fortune: As with many tragic heroes, Lear’s downfall is precipitated by his own fatal flaw. In his case, it is his misguided decision to divide his kingdom among his

 

3. What is Comedy of Humours? Elaborate with reference to Volpone.

Ans: The Comedy of Humours is a genre of comedy popularized in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, particularly by English playwrights such as Ben Jonson. It is characterized by its focus on exaggerated characters who embody specific traits or “humours,” representing different aspects of human behaviour or personality. These characters often find themselves in absurd situations, leading to humorous misunderstandings and satirical commentary on society.

In “Volpone” by Ben

 

Assignment Set – 2^ND

Questions

 

4. Analyse the character of Tamburlaine in Marlowe’s play.

Ans: The character of Tamburlaine in Christopher Marlowe’s play “Tamburlaine the Great” is a towering figure of ambition, power, and ruthlessness. Tamburlaine, also known as Timur or Tamerlane, is a shepherd who rises from humble origins to become a conqueror of vast territories, embodying the archetype of the Renaissance “overreacher” or “superman.” 

Ambition and Hubris: Tamburlaine’s defining characteristic is his boundless ambition. From the outset of the play, he declares his

 

5. Summarise the role of the characters Flamineo and Vittoria in The White Devil.

Ans: Tamburlaine, the protagonist of Christopher Marlowe’s “Tamburlaine the Great,” is a complex and compelling character whose actions and motivations drive the plot of the play.

Here’s a detailed analysis of his character:

Ambition and Power:

Tamburlaine is characterized by his insatiable ambition and hunger for power. He starts as a lowly shepherd but rises to become a mighty conqueror, driven by his desire to carve out an empire for himself. His ambition knows no bounds, and he is willing to use any means necessary, including violence and deception, to achieve his goals.

Ruthlessness and Violence: Tamburlaine is depicted as a ruthless and merciless leader on the battlefield. He shows no mercy to his enemies and is willing to kill and plunder to expand his empire. His acts of

 

6. “The characters Hieronimo and Bel-Imperia are central to the narrative of the Play”. Elaborate.

Ans: Absolutely, in Thomas Kyd’s play “The Spanish Tragedy,” both Hieronimo and Bel-Imperia are central figures whose actions and motivations drive the narrative forward.

Let’s delve into their significance: 

Hieronimo: 

Tragic Hero: Hieronimo is the tragic hero of the play. His grief over the murder of his son, Horatio, propels him into a quest for vengeance that ultimately consumes him. As the play progresses,

SESSION SPRING 2024

PROGRAM MASTER OF ARTS- ENGLISH

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME MAEC 102 POETRY-1

Assignment Set – 1^st

Questions

 

1. Write a short note on the features of Shakespearean sonnet.

Ans: The Shakespearean sonnet, also known as the English sonnet, is a distinct poetic form that has specific structural and thematic features. Named after William Shakespeare, who popularized this form, the Shakespearean sonnet is renowned for its unique rhyme scheme and thematic versatility.

Here are the key features of the Shakespearean sonnet: 

Structure Fourteen Lines:  Like all traditional sonnets, a Shakespearean sonnet consists of fourteen lines.

Iambic Pentameter:  Each line is written in iambic pentameter, which means it has ten syllables with a

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2. What are the characteristics of John Donne’s poetry that qualifies him to be a ‘metaphysical poet’?

Ans: John Donne is often considered a quintessential “metaphysical poet” due to several distinctive characteristics present in his poetry. The term “metaphysical poetry” refers to a style of poetry that emerged in the early 17th century, characterized by its intellectual playfulness, use of complex metaphors, and exploration of philosophical and spiritual themes.

Here are the key features of Donne’s poetry that qualify him as a metaphysical poet: 

1. Use of Metaphysical Conceits Metaphysical Conceits: Donne’s poetry is renowned for its elaborate and

 

3. Discuss significant religious connotations in George Herbert’s Easter Wings.

Ans: “Easter Wings” by George Herbert is a poem rich with religious connotations, reflecting the poet’s deep Christian faith and his reflections on the themes of fall and redemption. Written in the shape of wings, the poem visually represents its spiritual themes, enhancing its religious significance.

Here’s a detailed discussion of the significant religious connotations in “Easter Wings”: 

 

Assignment Set – 2^nd

Questions

 

4. Give a brief outline of Edmund Spencer’s Faerie Queene Book 1.

Ans: Edmund Spenser’s “The Faerie Queene” is a seminal work in English literature, blending allegory, epic, and romance. Book 1, titled “The Legend of the Knight of the Red Crosse, or Of Holiness,” follows the journey of the Redcrosse Knight, symbolizing the virtue of Holiness, as he strives to achieve spiritual and moral integrity.

Here’s a brief outline of the key events and characters in Book 1:

 Canto 1: The

 

 

5. Give a general outline of Geoffrey Chaucer’s Prologue to the Canterbury Tales.

Ans: Geoffrey Chaucer’s “Prologue to The Canterbury Tales” serves as an introduction to his collection of stories, setting the stage for the tales that follow. It provides a vivid description of the various pilgrims who are traveling together to the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket in Canterbury.

Here is a general outline of the “Prologue”: 

Introduction (Lines 1-42) Setting and Occasion:

The prologue begins with a description of April and springtime, symbolizing renewal and pilgrimage. People from all walks of life set out on journeys, particularly pilgrimages to holy sites.

 

6. How has Henry Vaughan glorified childhood in his poem The Retreat?

Ans: Henry Vaughan’s poem “The Retreat” glorifies childhood by portraying it as a time of purity, innocence, and spiritual closeness to the divine. Vaughan, a Welsh metaphysical poet, uses the poem to express a longing for the simplicity and grace of early life, which he views as a period when the soul is more connected to heaven.

Here are the key ways Vaughan glorifies childhood in “The Retreat”: 

1. Idealization of Childhood Innocence Pure and Unspoiled State: Vaughan describes childhood as a time when

SESSION SPRING 2024

PROGRAM MASTER OF ARTS (MA) – ENGLISH

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME MAEC103– FICTION I

Assignment Set – 1^st

Questions

 

1. Discuss briefly the characters in the novel Joseph Andrews.

Ans: “Joseph Andrews,” written by Henry Fielding, is a novel that satirizes various aspects of 18th-century English society through its characters.

Here’s a brief overview of the main characters: 

Joseph Andrews: The titular character, Joseph is a paragon of virtue and the brother of Pamela Andrews from Samuel Richardson’s novel “Pamela.” He is handsome, good-natured, and steadfastly maintains his chastity despite numerous temptations and trials. 

Fanny Goodwill: Joseph’s beloved, Fanny is a beautiful and virtuous country girl. She is loyal and pure, embodying

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2. Comment on the narrative structure of Wuthering Heights.

Ans: The narrative structure of “Wuthering Heights” by Emily Brontë is complex and multifaceted, employing a frame narrative and multiple narrators to convey the story.

Here’s an overview of its structure: 

Frame Narrative: The novel begins and ends with the perspective of Mr. Lockwood, a gentleman from London who rents Thrush cross Grange. His journal entries bookend the main narrative, providing a frame for the central story. Lockwood’s narration sets the stage and offers an outsider’s

 

3. Write a note on Mary Wollstonecraft.

Ans: Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) was an influential English writer, philosopher, and advocate for women’s rights. She is best known for her ground-breaking work, “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman” (1792), which is considered one of the earliest works of feminist philosophy. 

Early Life and Education Mary Wollstonecraft was born on April 27, 1759, in Spitalfields, London. Her early life was marked by financial instability and domestic strife, as her father was abusive and often mismanaged the family’s resources. Despite these challenges, Wollstonecraft was

 

 

 

Assignment Set – 2^nd

Questions

4. Critically analyse the novel Frankenstein.

Ans: Mary Shelley’s “Frankenstein,” first published in 1818, is a seminal work in the Gothic and science fiction genres. The novel is a profound exploration of ambition, hubris, and the consequences of defying natural laws.

Here’s a critical analysis of its major themes, characters, narrative structure, and cultural impact: 

Themes Creation and Responsibility:  The central theme of “Frankenstein” is the ethical responsibility of

 

5. How has Dickens represented ambition in Great Expectations?

Ans: In “Great Expectations,” Charles Dickens explores the theme of ambition through various characters and their personal journeys. The novel delves into the consequences of ambition, examining both its potential for positive change and its capacity to lead to personal downfall. 

Pip’s Ambition Transformation and Discontent:  Pip’s ambition to rise above his social class and become a gentleman is a central focus of the novel. Initially content with his life as a blacksmith’s apprentice, Pip becomes dissatisfied after visiting Satis House and meeting Estella and Miss Havisha

6. ‘The Gothic Novel is a distinct genre of its own.’ Elaborate.

Ans: The Gothic novel is indeed a distinct literary genre, characterized by a specific set of themes, settings, and stylistic features that differentiate it from other genres. Emerging in the late 18th century, Gothic literature has captivated readers with its blend of horror, romance, and the supernatural.

Here are the key elements that define the Gothic novel as a distinct genre: 

Historical Origins and Development Origins:  The Gothic novel originated in the late 18th century with

 

SESSION SPRING 2024 PROGRAM MASTER OF ARTS

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME MAEC104 LITERARY THEORY AND CRITICISM

 

Assignment Set – 1

Questions

 

1. Elaborate briefly on the concept of hamartia mentioned by Aristotle in his Poetics.

Ans: In Aristotle’s “Poetics,” the term “hamartia” refers to a character’s tragic flaw or error in judgment that leads to their downfall. It is a key element in the structure of a tragedy, serving as the protagonist’s significant moral or intellectual failing that precipitates their misfortune. Aristotle suggests that this flaw is not necessarily a character defect, but rather a mistake or miscalculation. The concept underscores the idea that the protagonist’s downfall is often a result of their inherent qualities and choices, making their fate both inevitable and poignant. This evokes pity and fear in the audience, which are essential emotions in the experience of catharsis, the purging

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2. Write a concise remark on the concept of figures of thoughts opined by Longinus in the Treatise on the Sublime.

Ans: In “On the Sublime,” Longinus discusses “figures of thought” as rhetorical strategies that enhance the emotional impact and persuasive power of a text. These figures involve the arrangement and expression of ideas in ways that elevate the style and evoke a profound response from the audience.

By using figures of thought, a writer or speaker can convey passion, urgency, and grandeur, contributing to the overall sublimity of their work. Longinus emphasizes that these figures, when used skillfully

3. Write a brief remark on Word worth’s definition of poetry.

Ans: William Wordsworth defined poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquillity.” This definition emphasizes poetry’s deep connection to emotion and personal experience. Wordsworth believed that poetry should capture genuine human emotions and that reflecting on these emotions in a calm state allows the poet to express them more profoundly and authentically. His definition underscores the Romantic

 

Assignment Set – 2^nd

Questions

4. What did Matthew Arnold mean when he said that poetry is a criticism of life? Elaborate briefly.

Ans: When Matthew Arnold stated that poetry is a “criticism of life,” he meant that poetry should provide insightful reflections on the human condition and society. According to Arnold, poetry goes beyond mere aesthetic pleasure; it should engage with moral and philosophical issues, offering wisdom and understanding about life and its complexities. Through this lens, poetry acts as a means of evaluating and interpreting life, guiding readers toward deeper truths and ethical considerations. Arnold believed that great poetry helps individuals navigate their

 

5. Analyze briefly the core motifs of the treatise called ‘Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question’ by Thomas Carlyle.

Ans: Thomas Carlyle’s “Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question,” published in 1849, presents several core motifs centered around his controversial views on race, labour, and society.

Key motifs include: 

Racial Superiority and Inferiority: Carlyle argues from a position of racial superiority, asserting that Black people are inherently inferior and suited only for labour under the control of superior races. His views reflect the prevalent racist ideologies of his time. 

Critique of Emancipation:

 

6. What are the ideas propounded by T. S. Eliot about the Dynamic Relationship between Past and Present Writers?

Ans: T. S. Eliot, in his essay “Tradition and the Individual Talent,” elaborates on the dynamic relationship between past and present writers through several key ideas:

  Tradition and Continuity: Eliot argues that tradition is not a passive inheritance but a dynamic process where the past and present constantly interact. He believes that a good poet must understand and appreciate the literary tradition to contribute meaningfully to it.

Historical Sense: Eliot introduces the concept of the “historical sense,” which involves a perception of the timelessness

 

SESSION– SPRING 2024

PROGRAM- Master of Arts

SEMESTER- Ist

COURSE CODE & NAME– MAEC105 GENDER STUDIES IN LITERATURE

 

Assignment Set – 1^ST

Questions

 

1. Critically analyse the poem Mad Girl’s Love Song and show how the tension between the internal world and the external world takes the Centre stage in this poem of Plath.

Ans: “Mad Girl’s Love Song” is a villanelle by Sylvia Plath, showcasing the poet’s mastery in intertwining form and content to explore themes of love, loss, and mental turmoil. The tension between the internal world and the external world is a central theme in the poem, reflecting Plath’s own struggles with depression and the fragmented nature of her inner life.

Here is a critical analysis of the poem with a focus on this tension: 

Structure and Form Villanelle: The poem is written in the form of a villanelle, a 19-line poetic form with a specific rhyme

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2. Write about the literary legacy of Maya Angelou.

Ans: Maya Angelou, an acclaimed American poet, memoirist, and civil rights activist, left a profound and enduring literary legacy. Her works resonate with themes of identity, resilience, and the human spirit, reflecting her experiences as a Black woman in America. Angelou’s literary contributions extend across various genres, including poetry, autobiographies, essays, and plays.

Here are key aspects of her literary legacy: 

1. Autobiographical Series “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”:

Published in 1969, this is

 

3. Write a short note on the historical significance of A Room of One’s Own.

Ans: “A Room of One’s Own” is a seminal essay by Virginia Woolf, first published in 1929. Its historical significance lies in its pioneering exploration of the intersection between women, literature, and economic independence.

Woolf argues that women need both financial independence and private space to produce creative work, famously stating, “A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to

 

 

Assignment Set – 2^ND

Questions

4. “Marge Piercy fiercely criticises the “ultimate lady fantasy” constructed by fashion magazines.” Analyse the statement with reference to the poem “What are big girls made of”.

Ans: Marge Piercy’s poem “What Are Big Girls Made Of?” offers a potent critique of the “ultimate lady fantasy” constructed by fashion magazines. In this Piercy’s work can be analyzed for its deconstruction of the unrealistic and often oppressive ideals of femininity propagated by media and fashion industries. 

Analysis of the Critique in “What Are Big Girls Made Of?” 

Deconstruction of

 

5. Write your own reflection on the style and theme adopted by Rupi Kaur in her literary creations.

Ans: Rupi Kaur’s literary creations, particularly her poetry collections “Milk and Honey” and “The Sun and Her Flowers,” have resonated widely with contemporary readers, and their appeal lies in a distinctive style and a set of recurring themes that reflect both personal and universal experiences.  Style Minimalist and Visual Presentation: Kaur’s poetry is characterized by its minimalist style. She often uses short, succinct lines that pack a punch with their brevity. This stripped-down approach allows her words to resonate deeply, giving readers space to

 

 

6. Explain the connection between Alice Walker’s gender perspectives and the civil rights movement?

Ans: Alice Walker, a prominent writer and activist, is known for her exploration of intersecting issues of gender, race, and social justice.

Her perspectives on gender are deeply intertwined with her involvement in the civil rights movement, and the connection between the two is evident in several key aspects:

Intersectionality: Walker’s understanding of gender perspectives is rooted in the concept of intersectionality, which recognizes that individuals hold multiple social identities (such as race, gender, class, sexuality) that intersect and interact to shape their experiences.

As a Black woman, Walker embodies intersecting identities and experiences the unique challenges and oppressions faced by women of color. Her writings often reflect this intersectional lens, highlighting the ways in which gender oppression is compounded by racial discrimination

 

SESSION SPRING 2024

PROGRAM BACHELOR OF COMMERCE

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME BCOM105 COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH

CREDITS 4

 

Assignment Set – 1^st

Questions

 

1. Describe the characteristics of non-verbal communication.

Ans: Non-verbal communication refers to the transmission of messages or information without the use of words or spoken language. It encompasses a wide range of cues, signals, and expressions, including body language, facial expressions, gestures, posture, tone of voice, eye contact, and non-verbal cues such as clothing and proxemics (use of space).

Here are the characteristics of non-verbal communication: 

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2. Explain the 4 C’s of effective writing.

Ans: The 4 C’s of effective writing are a set of principles that guide writers in creating clear, concise, coherent, and compelling content. These principles help writers communicate their ideas effectively, engage readers, and achieve their communication goals.

Here’s an explanation of each of the 4 C’s: 

Clarity: Clarity refers to the quality of writing that is easy to understand and free from ambiguity or confusion. Clear writing conveys the intended message in a straightforward and understandable manner,

 

3. How many types of business letters are there? Write brief notes on any two.

Ans: There are several types of business letters, each serving a specific purpose and addressing different communication needs in the business context.

Here are brief notes on two common types of business letters: 

1. Formal Letters: Purpose: Formal letters are used for official or professional correspondence between

 

 

 

Assignment Set – 2^nd

Questions

 

4. How many types of listening are there? Explain each of them with proper examples.

Ans: Listening can be classified into various types, each representing a distinct mode or approach to the act of listening.

Here are five common types of listening along with explanations and examples: 

1. Active Listening:

Explanation: Active listening involves fully concentrating on what is being said, understanding the

 

 

5. Explain Horizontal and Diagonal communication with their advantages and disadvantages.

Ans: Horizontal and diagonal communication are two forms of organizational communication that occur between individuals or departments at the same hierarchical level or across different hierarchical levels within an organization.

Here’s an explanation of each, along with their advantages and disadvantages: 

Horizontal Communication:

Explanation: Horizontal communication refers to the exchange of information, ideas, and messages among

 

6. Write on the general guidelines of the technical writing.

Ans: Technical writing refers to the process of conveying complex information, instructions, or concepts in a clear, concise, and organized manner to a specific audience. Whether writing technical manuals, user guides, reports, or documentation for software and products, adhering to certain guidelines can help ensure the effectiveness and readability of the content.

Here are general guidelines for

 

SESSION SPRING 2024

PROGRAM BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (BCOM)

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME BCOM104 – DIGITAL FLUENCY

CREDITS 4

 

Assignment Set – 1^st

Questions

 

1. A). What are computers, and how have they become such integral components of our daily lives?

Ans:

Computers are electronic devices capable of processing, storing, and retrieving data through various operations and algorithms. They consist of hardware components such as processors, memory, storage devices, input/output devices, and software components such as operating systems, applications, and programs. Computers come in various forms, including desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, and embedded systems.

Integration into Daily Lives:

Communication:  Computers enable instantaneous communication through email, messaging apps, social media

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2. A). What distinguishes word processors from other software tools, and how does Microsoft Word embody the essence of this category?

Ans: Word processors are specialized software tools designed primarily for creating, editing, formatting, and printing documents. What distinguishes word processors from other software tools is their focus on text-based document creation and manipulation, as well as their rich set of features tailored specifically for document processing tasks. Microsoft Word, developed by Microsoft Corporation, embodies the essence of this category through its comprehensive set of features and functionalities,

 

 

3. a). Elaborate on the significance of Microsoft Excel in modern business environments and how does Excel facilitate data management, analysis, and visualization.

Ans: Microsoft Excel is a powerful spread sheet software program widely used in modern business environments for data management, analysis, and visualization. Its significance stems from its versatility, ease of use, and robust features, making it an indispensable tool for businesses of all sizes across

 

1. b) What are some key features that make it a versatile and indispensable tool for professionals across various

 

 

Assignment Set – 2^nd

Questions

4. A). Elucidate the significance of Microsoft PowerPoint in modern presentations and communication strategies?

Ans: Microsoft PowerPoint is widely used presentation software that plays a significant role in modern presentations and communication strategies. Its versatility, user-friendly interface, and powerful features make it an indispensable tool for professionals across various industries.

Here’s why PowerPoint is significant in modern presentations and communication strategies: 

 

5. A) How do cyber threats pose challenges to individuals, businesses, and governments alike?

Ans: Cyber threats pose significant challenges to individuals, businesses, and governments alike due to their potential to cause financial, reputational, and societal harm.

Here’s how cyber threats

 

 

6. A). What is the Internet, and how has it become an indispensable part of modern society? List and explain the essential features of the Internet, and why they are vital for its operation and widespread adoption.

Ans: The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers and devices that communicate with each other using standardized protocols and technologies. It enables the exchange of data, information, and resources across vast geographical distances, facilitating communication, collaboration, commerce, entertainment, education, and more. The Internet has become an indispensable part of modern society due to its transformative impact on various aspects of human life

 

SESSION SPRING 2024

PROGRAM BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (B.COM)

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME BCOM101 FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING I

CREDITS 4

 

Assignment Set – 1^st

Questions

 

1. A. Explain the process of Accounting.

Ans: Accounting is a systematic process of identifying, recording, classifying, summarizing, interpreting, and communicating financial information. It is essential for making informed business decisions and ensuring financial transparency.

Here’s an overview of the accounting process: 

Identifying Transactions: 

Step: Identify events and transactions that are financial in nature.

Description: Only transactions that can be measured in monetary terms and affect the financial position of the business are considered. Examples include sales, purchases, receipts, and payments.

Recordin

 

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2. Describe any five Accounting concepts.

Ans: Accounting concepts are fundamental principles that underpin the practice of accounting, providing a framework for consistent and accurate financial reporting.

Here are five key accounting concepts: 

1. Accrual Concept Description:

Principle: Revenues and expenses are recorded when they are earned or incurred, regardless of when the cash is received or paid.

Example: If a company provides services in December but receives payment in January, the revenue is

 

 

3. Classify and explain the Accounts under modern approach method.

Ans: The modern approach to accounting, often referred to as the classification of accounts under the “modern” or “expanded” accounting equation, classifies accounts into five main types:

Assets, Liabilities, Equity, Revenues, and Expenses.

Here’s an explanation of each type: 

1. Assets Definition: Assets are resources owned by a business that are expected to bring future economic benefits.

Types: 

Current Assets: Short-term

 

 

 

Assignment Set – 2

Questions

 

4. Prove that the accounting equation is satisfied in all the following transactions of Dream world co.
5. Commenced business with cash ₹ 60,000.
6. Paid rent in Advance ₹ 500.

III. Purchased goods for cash ₹ 30,000 and credit ₹ 20,000.

1. Sold goods for cash ₹ 30,000 costing ₹ 20,000.
2. Paid salary ₹ 500 and salary outstanding ₹ 100.

Ans: The accounting equation states that:

\[ \text{Assets} = \text{Liabilities} + \text{Equity} \]

We need to prove that this equation holds true after each transaction for Dream World Co.

Here’s how the transactions affect the accounting equation:

 

1. Commenced business with cash ₹ 60,000

 

**Transaction**:

– Assets (

 

5. Explain the different types of capital in detail.

Ans: Capital is a crucial component in business finance and economics, representing the resources and funds that businesses use to generate revenue and sustain operations. Different types of capital serve distinct purposes, and understanding these categories is essential for financial management and investment decisions.

Here’s a detailed explanation of the various types of capital: 

1. Working

 

 

6. The following balances are extracted from the books of Hindustan Traders on 31st March 2008. You are required to prepare the Trading and Profit and Loss Account and a Balance sheet as on that date.

Particulars	Amount (₹)	Particulars	Amount (₹)
Opening stock Commission received B/R Return outwards Purchases                             Trade expenses Wages Office furniture Bills payable Return inwards Creditors	5000 2000 22500 2500 195000 1000 14000 5000 15000 6500 98250	Insurance Cash in hand Sundry debtors Cash at bank Carriage inwards Rent and taxes Commission paid Carriage outwards Interest on capital Sales Stationary Capital	5500 2500 150000 23750 4000 5500 4000 7250 3500 250000 2250 89500

 

The closing stock was valued at Rs. 1, 25,000/-

Ans: To prepare the Trading and Profit and Loss Account and a Balance Sheet for Hindustan Traders as of 31st March 2008, we need to organize the given balances and include the closing stock in our calculations.

Let’s start with the Trading Account, followed by the Profit and Loss Account, and then the Balance Sheet.

Trading Account for the year ended 31st March

s equal total liabilities plus equity.

SESSION SPRING 2024

PROGRAM B.COM

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME BCOM102 BUSINESS ORGANISATION AND MANAGEMENT

CREDITS 4

 

Assignment Set – 1

Questions

 

1. What do you understand by Business Environment? Explain the different factors of a Business Environment.

Ans: The business environment refers to the combination of all external and internal factors that influence a company’s operating situation. This encompasses everything from the immediate context in which a business operates to the broader, more global forces that can impact its performance and strategy. Understanding the business environment is crucial for managers and decision-makers as it helps in identifying opportunities and threats, understanding market dynamicsIts Half solved only

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2. Explain the term Business Ethics. Discuss the responsibilities of Business towards its various stakeholders.

Ans: Business Ethics Business ethics refers to the principles and standards that guide behaviour in the world of business. These ethics influence decisions and actions within a company, ensuring that practices align with moral values and societal expectations. Business ethics encompasses issues such as corporate governance, insider trading, bribery, discrimination, corporate social responsibility, and fiduciary responsibilities.  Responsibilities of Business towards Various Stakeholders Businesses have a wide range of responsibilities towards their stakeholders, who

 

3. What do you understand by Partnership agreement? Discuss the salient features or characteristics of Partnership firm.

Ans: Partnership Agreement

A partnership agreement is a formal, written contract between two or more individuals who agree to run a business together. This document outlines the terms and conditions of the partnership, specifying each partner’s rights, responsibilities, and obligations. The agreement serves to prevent disputes by clearly defining how various aspects of the business will be handled, including profit sharing, decision-making processes, and procedures for resolving conflicts. 

Salient Features or Characteristics of a

 

 

 

 

 

Assignment Set – 2

Questions

 

4. Explain the planning function of Management. Also discuss the steps involved in planning function or the planning process.

Ans: Planning Function of Management The planning function of management involves setting objectives and determining the best course of action to achieve them. It is the foundational step in the management process, guiding all other functions (organizing, leading, and controlling). Effective planning helps organizations to foresee future opportunities and challenges, allocate resources efficiently, and establish benchmarks for evaluating performance.

Importance of Planning

 

5. Discuss Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory in detail.

Ans: Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory, proposed by Abraham Maslow in 1943, is a psychological theory that suggests human needs are arranged in a hierarchy. Maslow posited that individuals are motivated by the desire to fulfil specific needs, which are structured in a hierarchical order from basic, more fundamental needs to higher-level, more complex nee

 

6. ‘Communication is one of the most important aspects of Directing.’ Justify. What are the key elements in Communication Process?

Ans: Importance of Communication in Directing Communication is indeed one of the most crucial aspects of directing within an organization. Directing involves guiding, motivating, and leading employees to achieve organizational goals.

Effective communication is fundamental to this process for several reasons: 

1. Clarity of Instructions Clear communication ensures that employees understand their roles, responsibilities, and the expectations from them. Without effective communication, instructions may be misunderstood, leading

 

SESSION SPRING 2024

PROGRAM BACHELOR OF COMMERCE SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME BCOM103 CORPORATE LEGAL ENVIRONMENT

CREDITS 4

 

Assignment Set – 1^st

Questions

 

1. Discuss the sources of Indian Business Laws.

Ans: Indian business laws are derived from various sources, each contributing to the comprehensive legal framework that governs business activities in the country.

These sources include: 

1. Constitution of India Description: The Constitution is the supreme law of India, laying the foundation for the legal system. It outlines the framework for the creation, distribution, and limitations of government powers and includes provisions that impact business laws.

Key Provisions: 

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2. Define contact under Indian contract Act 1872. Discuss the essential elements of contract?

Ans: Under the Indian Contract Act, 1872, a contract is defined in Section 2(h) as “an agreement enforceable by law.” This definition implies that for an agreement to be considered a contract, it must be legally binding and enforceable by the courts.

Essential Elements of a Contract For an agreement to be legally enforceable as a contract under the Indian Contract Act, 1872, it must satisfy several essential elements: 

Offer and Acceptance: 

Offer: One party must make a clear and definite proposal to another party.

Acceptance: The offer

 

 

3. a. What are the ways in which a contract can be discharged?

Ans: A contract can be discharged in several ways, meaning that the obligations under the contract are terminated.

The primary ways in which a contract can be discharged include: 

By Performance

By Agreement or Consent

By Operation of Law

By Impossibility of

 

Assignment Set – 2^nd

Questions

 

4. What do you mean by contract of sale of goods? Differentiate between sale and an agreement to sale?

Ans: A contract of sale of goods is a type of contract where one party (the seller) agrees to transfer the ownership of goods to another party (the buyer) in exchange for a consideration, usually in the form of money. This contract is governed by the Sale of Goods Act, 1930, in Ind

 

5. Define share capital and explain its types

Ans: Share capital refers to the total amount of capital raised by a company through the issue of shares to shareholders. It represents the amount of funds contributed by shareholders to the company in exchange for ownership (equity) in the company. Share capital forms a significant pa

 

 

6. Explain the provisions of FEMA.

Ans:

The Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) is a crucial piece of legislation in India that governs foreign exchange transactions, investments, and dealings. Enacted in 1999, FEMA replaced the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA) and aimed to modernize and liberalize India’s foreign exchange management regime.

FEMA empowers the Reserve

SESSION	SPRING 2024
PROGRAM	BACHELOR OF ARTS
SEMESTER	I
COURSE CODE & NAME	OBAC101 NATURAL SCIENCE
CREDITS	4

 

Assignment Set – 1

Questions

 

1. A. List differences between shopping goods and specialty goods, with 2 examples under each category.

Ans: Differences between Shopping Goods and Specialty Goods Definition and Consumer Behavior: 

Shopping Goods: These are items that consumers typically compare on attributes such as quality, price, and style before making a purchase decision. Consumers spend more time and effort in the decision-making process.

Specialty Goods: These are items that have unique characteristics or brand identification for which a significant group of buyers is willing to make a special effort to purchase. Consumers usually exhibit strong brand loyalty and are less price-sensitive.

Frequency of Purchase: 

Shopping Goods: Purchased less

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2. List and explain all the agents that go into the formulation of paints. Explain the importance of inclusion of each of these agents, and cite examples of these agents.

Ans:

Paints are complex mixtures of various components that each play a crucial role in the final product’s properties, performance, and application.

The key agents that go into the formulation of paints are: 

1. Pigments Purpose: Provide color, opacity, and certain protective functions.

Types: Color Pigments: Provide the desired color to the paint.

Examples include titanium dioxide (white), iron oxides (red, yellow), and phthalocyanine blue.

Extender Pigments: Improve

 

3. List and explain benefits of pesticides. Pls also list and explain harmful effects of pesticides in detail on all living beings and environment. Let your answer be specific to the pesticide agent, and the target impacted by the same.

Ans: Benefits of Pesticides:

Crop Protection: 

Target: Crops Explanation: Pesticides protect crops from pests such as insects, weeds, and diseases, preventing yield losses and ensuring food security.

Disease Control: 

Target: Humans and Animals Explanation: Pesticides help control vector-borne diseases by killing disease-carrying insects like mosquitoes and ticks, reducing the spread of diseases such as malaria, dengue, and Lyme disease.

Enhanced Public Health: 

Target:

Humans Explanation:

 

 

Assignment Set – 2

Questions

 

4. A. Describe the contribution of Science and Technology in Agriculture.

Ans: The contribution of science and technology in agriculture has revolutionized the way food is produced, enhancing productivity, efficiency, and sustainability.

Here are several key aspects of how science and technology have impacted agriculture: 

1. Increased Crop Yields:

Crop Breeding: Advances in genetics and biotechnology have enabled the development of high-yielding crop varieties with desirable traits such as disease resistance, drought tolerance, and improved

 

 

5. A. What are the chemicals used in Cosmetics? Classify them based on the class of cosmetic, listing benefits and harmful effects, against each class of chemical.

Ans: Chemicals used in cosmetics vary widely depending on the type of cosmetic product and its intended use.

Here, I’ll classify some common classes of chemicals used in cosmetics and provide examples, along with their benefits and potential harmful effects: 

1. Surfactants: Examples: Sodium lauryl sulfate, Cocamidopropyl betaine Benefits: Surfactants act as cleansing agents, helping to remove dirt, oil, and debris from the skin and hair. They also contribute to the foaming and lathering properties of cosmetic products.

Harmful Effects:

 

 

6. A. Justify the need for growing GMO crops for human and animal consumption.

Ans: The need for growing genetically modified organisms (GMO) crops for human and animal consumption arises from several key factors: 

1. Food Security: Increased Yield: GMO crops are often engineered to exhibit traits such as pest resistance, disease resistance, and drought tolerance, leading to higher yields and improved crop productivity.

Global Demand: With the world’s population expected to reach nearly 10 billion by 2050, there is a growing demand for food to feed a growing population. GMO crops offer a solution to meet this demand by producing more food on existing agricultural land.

2. Environmental Sustainability:

Reduced

 

SESSION SPRING 2024

PROGRAM BACHELOR OF ARTS

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME OBAC102 COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH

CREDITS 4

 

Assignment Set – 1^st

Questions

 

1. Write a brief note on the Methods of Communication with the classifications.

Ans:

Methods of Communication

Communication is the process of transmitting information, ideas, thoughts, and emotions from one entity to another. Effective communication is crucial in both personal and professional settings. Methods of communication can be classified based on several criteria, including the mode of transmission, the direction of communication flow, and the formality of the interaction. Below is a classification of communication methods with brief descriptions.

Classification by Mode of

 

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2. Write about any five poor listening habits.

Ans: Effective listening is a critical skill for communication, yet many people struggle with poor listening habits that can hinder understanding and collaboration.

Here are five common poor listening habits:

1. **Interrupting the Speaker**

Interrupting occurs when a listener cuts off the speaker before they have finished expressing their thoughts. This habit can be driven by impatience, eagerness to share one’s own ideas, or a belief that the listener already knows what the speaker is going to say.

**Impact:**

– It disrupts the speaker’s train of

 

3. Write a brief note about any five commandments of Good Speaking.

Ans: Effective speaking is a critical skill that enhances communication, engages audiences, and conveys messages clearly and persuasively.

Here are five key commandments of good speaking:

1. **Know Your Audience**

**Understanding your audience is crucial for tailoring your message to their interests, level of knowledge, and expectations

 

 

Assignment Set – 2^nd

Questions

 

 

4. A. What is a meeting?

Ans: A meeting is a gathering of two or more individuals convened to discuss and address specific topics, issues, or objectives. Meetings are a fundamental aspect of organizational communication and decision-making, allowing participants to share information, collaborate on tasks, solve problems, make decisions, and develop strategies. They can vary greatly in format, duration, and purpose, and can be held in person, virtually, or in a hybrid format.

Key Elements of a Meeting Agenda: 

 

5. Write briefly on the importance of body language.

Ans: Body language is a critical component of communication that often conveys more than words alone. It includes facial expressions, gestures, posture, eye contact, and other non-verbal cues. Understanding and effectively using body language can significantly enhance communication in various settings.

Here are some key points on the

 

 

6. What are the Dos and Don’ts of CV Writing?

Ans: Creating a compelling CV (curriculum vitae) is essential for making a positive impression on potential employers.

Here are some dos and don’ts of CV writing to help you craft an effective and professional CV: 

Dos Do Tailor Your CV for Each Job:  Customize your CV to match the specific job description and requirements.

 

SESSION	spring 2024
PROGRAM	BACHELOR OF ArTS
SEMESTER	II
COURSE CODE & NAME	OBAC201 FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH
CREDITS	4

Assignment Set – 1

Questions

 

1. Discuss the evolution English of language.

Ans: The evolution of the English language is a fascinating journey that spans over thousands of years, marked by significant linguistic changes, influences from various cultures and languages, and the emergence of distinct dialects and variations.

Here’s an overview of the key stages in the evolution of the English language:

1. 
   Proto-Indo-European (PIE) Roots: English belongs to the Indo-European language family, which originated Its Half solved only

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2. Outline different types of sentences with examples.

Ans: Sentences are classified into different types based on their structure, purpose, and mode of expression.

Here’s an outline of the main types of sentences along with examples: 

1. Declarative Sentences:

Purpose: Declarative sentences make statements or assertions and convey information.

Structure: They end with a

 

3. Illustrate the difference between direct speech and indirect speech.

Ans: Direct speech and indirect speech are two ways of reporting what someone has said.

Here’s an illustration of the difference between them:

 Direct Speech: Direct speech involves quoting the exact words spoken by someone within quotation marks. It retains the original speaker’s words, punctuation, and tone. Direct speech is commonly used in storytelling, dialogue, and when directly quoting someone.

Example:

 

 

Assignment Set – 2

Questions

 

4. Examine different strategies of vocabulary building.

Ans: Building vocabulary is a continuous process that involves expanding one’s knowledge of words and their meanings. There are several effective strategies for vocabulary building, tailored to different learning styles and preferences.

Here are some strategies:

1. Reading Widely: Approach: Reading books, newspapers, magazines, articles, and online content exposes you to a wide range of vocabulary in context.

Benefits: Reading

 

5. Describe different types of figure speech.

Ans: Figures of speech are rhetorical devices that add richness, depth, and imagery to language by deviating from the ordinary or literal meanings of words.

Here are several common types of figures of speech:

1. Simile: Definition: A simile compares two unlike things using “like” or “as.” Example: “Her smile was as bright as the

 

6. Write on reading strategies.

Ans: Reading strategies are techniques and approaches used to enhance comprehension, retention, and engagement while reading.

Here are several effective reading strategies: 

1. Previewing:

Approach: Before reading, preview the text by skimming headings, subheadings, summaries, and visuals to gain

 

SESSION SPRING 2024

PROGRAM BACHELOR OF ARTS SEMESTER II

COURSE CODE & NAME OBAC202 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

CREDITS 4

 

Assignment Set – 1^st

Questions

1. Define Ecosystem. Explain the Function and Structure of Ecosystem. What is the importance of Food Chains and Food Webs in the environment?

Ans: An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals, and microbes) interacting with each other and their non-living environment (air, water, and mineral soil) within a specific area. These interactions form a complex web of relationships that sustain the ecosystem’s processes and functions.

Structure of Ecosystem The structure of an ecosystem can be divided into two main components: 

Biotic Components: 

Producers (

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2. Discuss five types of Renewable Resources. Write down the advantages and disadvantages of using Renewable Resources.

Ans: Types of Renewable Resources Solar Energy Advantages:

Abundant and widely available. Clean and produces no greenhouse gases during operation. Reduces electricity bills and provides energy independence. Low maintenance costs after installation.

Disadvantages:

 

3. What is the effect of Air Pollution on the Environment? List out five different effect with short explanation.

Ans: Air pollution has far-reaching effects on both the environment and human health.

Here are five significant environmental impacts: 

Global Warming and Climate Change:  Air pollution contributes to the greenhouse effect by releasing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). These gases trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. This disrupts ecosystems, alters weather patterns, and accelerates the melting of polar ice caps and glacier

 

 

 

Assignment Set – 2^nd

Questions

4. Explain the various reasons for Population Growth. Discuss how it affects our Environment.

Ans: Population growth is influenced by a variety of factors, including birth rates, death rates, immigration, and emigration.

Here are some key reasons for population growth: 

High Birth Rates: In many regions, particularly in developing countries, birth rates remain high due to cultural, social,

 

5. Write about the Integrated Approaches to Address Urban Energy Challenges. Discuss two Strategies for Water Conservation.

Ans: Integrated Approaches to Address Urban Energy Challenges Urban areas face numerous energy challenges, including high energy demand, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions.

Integrated approaches that combine technological, policy, and behavioural strategies can help address these challenges effectively: 

Energy Efficiency Measures:  Implementing energy-efficient building codes and standards for new construction and retrofits can reduce energy consumption in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. Promoting energy-efficient appliances, lighting, and HVAC systems through incentives, subsidies,

 

 

6. What are the Challenges in Addressing HIV/AIDS amid Population Growth? Write two important Strategies for Addressing HIV/AIDS in the Context of Population Growth.

Ans: Addressing HIV/AIDS amid population growth presents several challenges, including: 

Increased Vulnerability: Rapid population growth, particularly in urban areas and among marginalized populations, can exacerbate vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. High population densities, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, limited access to prevention and treatment services, poverty, and

 

SESSION SPRING 2024

PROGRAM BACHELOR OF ARTS

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME OBAE111 INDIAN ENGLISH LITERATURE

CREDITS 4

 

Assignment Set – 1^st

 

1. In Ruskin Bond’s Grandfather’s Zoo, the writer develops a thematic concern wherein Animal-Human relationships has been expounded through various stories in the novella. Comment on this theme.

Ans: In Ruskin Bond’s novella “Grandfather’s Zoo,” the theme of animal-human relationships is central, exploring the bond between humans and animals through a series of engaging and heart-warming stories. Bond’s narrative captures the intricate and often affectionate interactions between his characters and a variety of animals, highlighting mutual respect, empathy, and the inherent value of all living creatures.

This theme is developed in

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2. How does the author KM Munshi seek to establish his idea of Satyagraha in his critical essay ‘The Spiritual Basis of Satyagraha’?

Ans: In his critical essay “The Spiritual Basis of Satyagraha,” K.M. Munshi elaborates on the philosophical and ethical foundations of Satyagraha, a concept closely associated with Mahatma Gandhi’s approach to nonviolent resistance. Munshi’s essay seeks to establish Satyagraha not merely as a political tool but as a deeply spiritual practice rooted in Indian philosophical traditions.

 

3. Through the lens of tradition and practice, critically appreciate the poem The Palanquin Bearers by Sarojini Naidu.

Ans: “The Palanquin Bearers” by Sarojini Naidu is a celebrated poem that beautifully encapsulates the traditional Indian practice of transporting brides in a palanquin, carried by bearers who sing in rhythm to their stride. Through this poem, Naidu portrays a rich tapestry of cultural heritage

 

 

 

Assignment Set – 2^nd

Questions

 

4. Critically analyze AK Ramanujan’s ‘Small Scale Reflections on a Great House’.

Ans: A.K. Ramanujan’s poem “Small-Scale Reflections on a Great House” delves into the complexity and paradoxes of a large, traditional Indian household. Through rich imagery, layered meanings, and a blend of personal and cultural reflection, Ramanujan portrays the house as a living entity that absorbs and integrates various elements of life, yet remains unchanged in its essential character.

Here is a critical analysis

 

 

5. Comment on the character of the astrologer in RK Narayan’s An Astrologers Day.

Ans:  In R.K. Narayan’s short story “An Astrologer’s Day,” the character of the astrologer is multifaceted and serves as a central figure whose personal history, professional life, and inherent qualities are intricately woven into the narrative. Through this character, Narayan explores themes of fate, deception, and redemption.

Here is a detailed

6. How has Kamala Das portrayed the patriarchal society in her poem ‘Introduction’?

Ans: Kamala Das’s poem “An Introduction” is a powerful critique of the patriarchal society she grew up in, reflecting the struggle for identity, freedom, and self-expression in the face of societal constraints. Through her vivid and candid portrayal, Das exposes the various ways in which patriarchal norms restrict and

 

SESSION SPRING 2024

PROGRAM BACHELOR OF ARTS SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME BA

SEM 2 – OBAE211 – World Literature

CREDITS 4

 

Assignment Set – 1

Questions

 

1. “Guy de Maupassant was the master of the short story. Considered as the greatest stylist of the short story, Maupassant wrote over 300 stories during his literary career, each unique in their form and plotting.” Comment on the above quote, discussing the style and contributions of Guy de Maupassant to World Literature.

Ans: Guy de Maupassant, often hailed as a master of the short story, made significant contributions to world literature through his prolific output and distinctive style. Writing over 300 short stories, Maupassant’s works are renowned for their precise prose, rich characterizations, and insightful examinations of human nature and society. Let’s explore his style and contributions in detail. 

Style of Guy de Maupassant: Economy of Language:  Maupassant’s writing is marked by its conciseness and Its Half solved only

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2. “O. Henry’s mastery of the “tear with a smile” writing style brought him recognition from the literary world. O. Henry was an expert in blending humorous and dramatic elements.” Discuss the above statement in the light of the story “A Service of Love” by O. Henry.

Ans: O. Henry, known for his unique blend of humour and pathos, masterfully employed the “tear with a smile” writing style, which garnered him significant recognition in the literary world. This style, characterized by the interplay of comedic and dramatic elements, is vividly illustrated in his short story “A Service of Love.” 

Summary of “A Service of Love”:

“A Service of Love” tells the story of a young couple, Joe and Delia Latrobe, who are deeply in love and devoted to each other

 

 

3. “The ending of ‘The Necklace’ is regarded by most scholars to be one of the most shocking in the history of the short story.” Discourse on the ending of “The Necklace” and how it impacts the theme and moral of the story.

Ans: “The Necklace,” a short story by Guy de Maupassant, is renowned for its ironic and shocking ending, which profoundly impacts the story’s theme and moral. The twist at the conclusion reveals the true nature of the necklace and the futility of the protagonist’s sacrifices, offering a

 

 

Assignment Set – 2

Questions

 

4. Critically analyse the story “The Necklace” and its broader themes and social commentaries.

Ans: “The Necklace,” a short story by Guy de Maupassant, is renowned for its ironic and shocking ending, which profoundly impacts the story’s theme and moral. The twist at the conclusion reveals the true nature of the necklace and the futility of the protagonist’s sacrifices, offering a poignant commentary on vanity, pride, and the consequences of dishonesty.

Summary of “The Necklace

 

5. “The tragic nature of Maupassant’s stories eerily mirrored the circumstances that characterized his own life and painful death.” Do you agree with the above statement? Answer with a biographical sketch of Guy De Maupassant.

Ans: The statement suggests a correlation between the tragic nature of Guy de Maupassant’s stories and the circumstances of his own life, particularly his painful death. While there are certainly parallels between Maupassant’s life experiences and the themes of his stories, it’s essential to examine his biography to understand the extent of this correlation. 

Biographical Sketch of Guy de Maupassant:

Early Life:  Guy de

 

6. “A relationship built on lies is doomed to fail”. Do you agree with this statement? Answer in the context of the story “A Service of Love”.

Ans: In the context of “A Service of Love” by O. Henry, the statement “A relationship built on lies is doomed to fail” resonates deeply with the central theme of honesty and deception. The story follows the relationship between Joe and Delia Larrabee, a young couple deeply in love with each other.

However, their love is

 

SESSION SPRING 2024

PROGRAM BACHELOR OF ARTS

SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE & NAME OBAP112 FOUNDATIONS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

CREDITS 4

 

Assignment Set – 1

Questions

 

1. How political science is different from other fields of study like political philosophy, political ideology etc.?

Ans:

Political science is a broad field that encompasses various sub-disciplines, each with its distinct focus, methods, and goals.

Here’s how political science differs from related fields like political philosophy, political ideology, and others: 

1. Political Science:

Definition: Political science

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2. What are the fundamental principles and methodologies of behaviourism in the context of political science?

Ans:

Behaviourism in political science focuses on the empirical study of political behaviour, often emphasizing observable and measurable actions over abstract theories or internal states. Originating from the broader psychological theory of behaviourism, which was pioneered by scholars like John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner, behaviourism in political science seeks to apply similar principles to understand and predict political actions and decisions.

Here are the fundamental principles and methodologies of behaviourism in the context of political science: 

 

3. Write a short note on Laski’s Theory of Rights

Ans: Harold J. Laski, a prominent British political theorist, developed a comprehensive theory of rights that emphasizes the relationship between the individual and society. Laski’s theory of rights is deeply rooted in his broader political philosophy, which is influenced by liberalism, socialism, and pluralism.

Here is a short note on Laski’s theory of rights:

 

 

Assignment Set – 2

Questions

 

4. Examine the relation between liberty and equality.

Ans: The relationship between liberty and equality is a central concern in political theory, and it involves complex interactions and potential tensions.

Here’s a detailed examination of the relationship between these two fundamental concepts: 

1. Defining Liberty and Equality:

Liberty: 

Negative Liberty: Freedom from

 

5. How do the perspectives of Marshall and Giddens differ in their conceptualizations of citizenship?

Ans: The perspectives of T.H. Marshall and Anthony Giddens on citizenship differ significantly in their focus and conceptual frameworks.

Here is an analysis of their differing views on citizenship: 

T.H. Marshall’s Perspective on Citizenship:

1. Historical Development: Marshall’s seminal work, “Citizenship and Social Class” (1950), outlines the historical evolution of citizenship in three stages: civil, political, and social rights. He argues that

 

6. How has the globalisation impacted sovereignty of the state?

Ans:

Globalization has had a profound impact on the sovereignty of the state, challenging traditional notions of absolute and independent state authority.

Here are several key ways in which globalization has affected state sovereignty: 

1. Economic Globalization:
2. Interdependence: Globalization has led to increased economic interdependence among states. Trade agreements, international financial markets, and multinational corporations have tied the economies of states

SESSION SPRING 2024

PROGRAM BACHELOR OF ARTS

SEMESTER II

COURSE CODE & NAME OBAP212 POLITICAL THEORY

CREDITS 4

 

Assignment Set – 1

Questions

 

1. Discuss the traditional approach to political theory with special reference to philosophical approach.

Ans: The traditional approach to political theory is a method of studying political phenomena that emphasizes normative, philosophical, and historical perspectives. This approach contrasts with more empirical or scientific methods that have gained prominence in contemporary political science. The traditional approach, particularly the philosophical approach, delves deeply into questions about justice, rights, liberty, and the role of the state through a primarily normative lens.

Key Features of the Traditional Approach to Political Theory:

Normative Focus:  Traditional political theory often focuses on normative questions, such as what ought to be rather than what is. It deals with ideals and values like justice, freedom, equality, and democracy. It seeks to provide guidance on how political life should be structured and what

 

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2. Critically analyze the behavioural approach to the study of political theory.

Ans: The behavioral approach to the study of political theory emerged in the mid-20th century as a reaction to the normative and philosophical traditions that had previously dominated the field. This approach emphasizes empirical research, the scientific method, and the observation of actual political behavior. It seeks to make political science more rigorous and objective by focusing on measurable and observable phenomena rather than abstract philosophical concepts. 

Key Features of the Behavioral Approach:

Empirical Focus:  The behavioral approach relies on empirical data and observable behaviours to understand political phenomena. It uses methods such as surveys, experiments, statistical analysis, and case studies to collect and analyze data. The goal is to uncover patterns and

 

3. Discuss in detail the different types of authority.

Ans: Authority is a fundamental concept in sociology and political science, referring to the legitimate power or right to make decisions, issue orders, and enforce obedience. Max Weber, a prominent sociologist, identified three distinct types of authority, which are traditional authority, charismatic authority, and rational-legal authority. Each type of authority derives its legitimacy from different sources and has unique characteristics.

 Types of Authority:

Traditional

 

Assignment Set – 2

Questions

 

4. Critically analyze John Rawls’s theory of Justice.

Ans: John Rawls’s theory of justice, particularly as articulated in his seminal work “A Theory of Justice” (1971), is a cornerstone of contemporary political philosophy. Rawls presents a detailed argument for a conception of justice he calls “justice as fairness,” which he believes can reconcile the competing demands of liberty and equality in a democratic society.

Here’s a critical analysis of Rawls’s theory of justice: 

Core Principles of Rawls’s Theory:

Original Position and Veil of Ignorance:  Rawls introduces the concept of the original position, a

 

5. Discuss the critique that communitarianism and multiculturalism make of colonial discourse.

Ans: Communitarianism and multiculturalism offer significant critiques of colonial discourse, emphasizing the importance of community, culture, and identity in understanding justice and politics. Both perspectives challenge the universalizing tendencies and cultural imperialism inherent in colonial discourse, advocating instead for the recognition and validation of diverse cultural traditions and community values.

 Communitarian Critique of

 

6. Examine the origins and history of feminism.

Ans: The origins and history of feminism are complex and multifaceted, encompassing a wide range of movements, ideologies, and actions aimed at addressing gender inequalities and promoting women’s rights. Feminism has evolved over time, responding to changing social, political, and economic contexts.

Here is a detailed examination of its origins and history: 

Early Origins: Ancient and Medieval Periods:  Early traces of feminist thought can be found in ancient and medieval societies, although they were not part of an organized movement.

 

SESSION	February 2024
PROGRAM	BACHELOR OF arts (BA)
SEMESTER	I
COURSE CODE & NAME	OBAS113– introduction to sociology
CREDITS	4

 

 

Assignment Set – 1

Questions

 

1. What is the significance of sociology and why is it important?

Ans: Sociology, the study of society, social institutions, and social relationships, holds significant importance for various reasons.

It is significant and important for several reasons: 

Understanding Social Structures and Dynamics Insight into Social Institutions: Sociology helps us understand how major institutions like family, education, religion, and the economy shape and are shaped by societal norms and values.

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2. How is Marx’s conflict theory critiqued, and what are its shortcomings?

Ans: Marx’s conflict theory, a cornerstone of his broader theoretical framework, emphasizes the role of social class conflict in driving societal change. According to Marx, societies progress through the struggle between different social classes, primarily the bourgeoisie (capitalist class) and the proletariat (working class).

While conflict theory has been influential, it has also faced several critiques and identified

 

 

3. What are the key characteristics of social institutions, and how do they function within society?

Ans: Social institutions are structured and enduring practices of human life that are built around well-established rules and norms or are centered on important activities and relationships. They play a crucial role in organizing society, shaping behavior, and maintaining social order.

Here are the key

 

Assignment Set – 2

Questions

 

4. Reflect on a recent major technological advancement and its impact on social change in communities or societies.

Ans: One of the most impactful recent technological advancements is the proliferation and evolution of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in the form of large language models and machine learning algorithms.

The advent of sophisticated AI systems, such as GPT-4 and similar models, has profound implications for social

 

 

5. Define ‘deviance’ within a sociological framework. Provide an example of deviant behavior and analyze why it might be perceived as deviant in one society and not in another.

Ans: In a sociological framework, deviance refers to behaviors, beliefs, or conditions that violate the norms or expectations of a particular society or social group. Norms are the rules and standards of behavior that are accepted by members of a society. Deviance is context-dependent and can vary significantly across different cultures, time periods, and social settings. 

 

6. Outline two methods societies employ to maintain social control. Offer personal examples illustrating each method in practice.

Ans:

Societies employ various methods to maintain social control, ensuring order, stability, and predictability within communities.

Two prominent methods are: 

Formal Social Control:  This involves established laws, regulations, and rules enforced by authorized institutions such as the government, police, and judiciary. These mechanisms are codified and standardized to maintain order and discipline.

Personal Example: 

 

SESSION SPRING 2024

PROGRAM BACHELOR OF ARTS-(SOCIOLOGY)

SEMESTER II

COURSE CODE & NAME OBAS213- SOCIOLOGY IN INDIA

CREDITS 4

 

Assignment Set – 1

Questions

 

1. Explain what you know about Henry Maine`s evolutionary sociology and G.S Ghurye`s Indigenous sociology, respectively.

Ans: Henry Maine’s Evolutionary Sociology Henry Maine (1822-1888) was a British jurist and historian known for his influential work in the field of legal history and comparative law. His contributions to sociology, particularly his evolutionary approach, are significant for understanding the development of societies and legal systems. 

Key Concepts of Maine’s Evolutionary Sociology:

Status to Contract:  Maine’s Its Half solved only

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2. What is Satyashodhak Samaj and Mahila Mandal? Explain some of the legacy and impact of Mahatma Jyotirao Phule.

Ans: Satyashodhak Samaj Satyashodhak Samaj (Society of Seekers of Truth) was a social reform society founded by Mahatma Jyotirao Phule in 1873 in Pune, India. The primary aim of the organization was to promote social equality and to fight against the oppression faced by marginalized communities,

 

3. a. Do you think modernization has impacted traditional village life? If yes, then how?

Ans: Modernization has significantly impacted traditional village life in various ways. The process of modernization, characterized by technological advancements, urbanization, improved infrastructure, and changes in social norms and values, has both positive and negative effects on rural communities.

Here’s an in-depth look at how modernization has affected traditional village life: 

Positive Impacts

 

 

 

Assignment Set – 2

Questions

 

4. A. How do you assess the significance of cultural symbols and icons?

Ans: Assessing the significance of cultural symbols and icons involves understanding their roles, meanings, and impacts within a society. Cultural symbols and icons are powerful tools for communication, identity formation, and social cohesion.

Here are key factors to consider when assessing their significance: 

1. Historical Context and Origins Origins: Investigate the historical background and origins of the symbol or icon.

 

5. Give a brief account of the historical roots of caste. How does caste manifest itself in society?

Ans: The caste system in India has deep historical roots, dating back thousands of years. It is believed to have originated from the Vedic social order, where society was divided into four varnas or classes: Brahmins (priests and scholars), Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers), Vaishyas (traders and farmers), and Shudras (labourers and service providers). Over time, this system became more rigid and hierarchical, with birth determining an individual’s social status and occupation. 

Caste is not only a

 

6. Discuss how the idea of nationalism was different for Rabindranath Tagore, Jawaharlal Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi during India`s fight for Independence.

Ans: Rabindranath Tagore, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Mahatma Gandhi, three prominent figures in India’s struggle for independence each had distinct perspectives on nationalism, reflecting their diverse backgrounds, ideologies, and visions for India’s future.

Rabindranath Tagore:  Tagore’s conception of nationalism was deeply rooted in humanism and universalism. He was critical of narrow, exclusivist forms of nationalism that emphasized cultural or ethnic

SESSION	FEB 2024
PROGRAM	B.Com
SEMESTER	I
course CODE & NAME	DCM1101 – General ENglish
CREDITS	4

Set – 1

Questions

 

1. Illustrate Homonyms and Idioms. Give five examples each of both. Use pictures.

Ans: Homonyms

Homonyms are words that are spelled and pronounced the same but have different meanings. Here are five examples:

 

Bat

 

Flying Mammal: “Bats are nocturnal creatures.”

Sports Equipment: “He hit the ball with a baseball bat.”

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2. Illustrate the steps of making a flash card choosing any word of your choice. You may use diagrams.

Ans: Creating a flash card is an excellent way to enhance vocabulary learning. Here, I’ll illustrate the steps of making a flash card using the word “benevolent” as an example. The process will include diagrams for clarity.

 

Step-by-Step Guide to Making a Flash Card

 

1. Gather Materials

 

3. Write a note on:-
4. Prewriting phase
5. Reviewing phase in detail.

Ans: A. Prewriting Phase

The prewriting phase is the initial stage of the writing process, where the writer prepares and plans before actually starting to write. This phase is crucial as it helps organize thoughts, develop ideas, and create a roadmap for the writing task.

Here are the key components of the prewriting phase:

1. Understanding the Purpose and Audience

Purpose: Determine the purpose of the writing. Is it to inform, persuade, entertain, or explai

 

Set – 2

Questions

 

4. What are the different types of questions you will find in a reading comprehension? Elaborate using examples.

Ans: In reading comprehension exercises, various types of questions are used to test different skills and aspects of understanding.

Here are the primary types of questions you may encounter, along with examples for each:

 

1. Literal Questions

These questions ask for information that is directly stated in the text. The answers can be found explicitly in the passage.

 

Example:

 

5. Define the following and also give examples for each:
6. Noun
7. Pronoun
8. Conjunction
9. Preposition
10. Interjection

Ans: Here are the definitions and examples for each term:

 

1. a) Noun

Definition:

A noun is a part of speech that names a person, place, thing, or idea.

 

Examples:

 

Person: “doctor” (The doctor performed the surgery successfully.)

Place: “library” (The library is open until 9 PM.)

Thing: “book” (She borrowed a book from the library.)

Idea: ”

 

6. Write a note on the four dialects of English by explaining the history and invasion of the British Empire.

Ans:

The English language has evolved significantly over centuries, influenced by invasions, colonization, and the expansion of the British Empire. This evolution has led to the development of several dialects of English. Here, we discuss four prominent dialects: British English, American English, Australian English, and Indian English, providing historical context for

SESSION	FEBRUARY 2024
PROGRAM	BACHELOR of commerce (B.com.)
SEMESTER	I
course CODE & NAME	DCM 1102– Economic theory
CREDITS	4

 

 

Assignment Set – 1st

Questions

 

1. What is demand? Discuss in detail elasticity of demand.

Ans: What is Demand?

 

Demand refers to the quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at various prices over a given period. It is a fundamental concept in economics that illustrates the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded by consumers.

 

Key aspects of demand include:

– Law of Demand: This principle states that, all else being equal, as the price of good decreases, the quantity demanded increases, Its Half solved only

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2. Write a note on factors affecting supply along with suitable examples.

Ans: Factors Affecting Supply

Supply refers to the quantity of a good or service that producers are willing and able to sell at various prices over a given period. Several factors influence supply, which can cause the supply curve to shift either to the right (an increase in supply) or to the left (a decrease in supply). Understanding these factors is crucial for businesses, policymakers, and economists.

Here are the primary

 

3. Elucidate the concept of indifference curve. Also discuss its characteristics.

Ans: The concept of the indifference curve was first introduced by British economist Francis Ysidro Edge worth and thereafter in the 20th century, it was used by Italian economist Wilfred Pareto. Economists like Hicks, Allen, Samuelsson, Edge worth and many others played an important role in popularizing the concept of indifference curves.

Characteristics of Indifference

 

Assignment Set – 2^nd

Questions

 

4. Elucidate perfect competition. Explain the price determination under it.

Ans: A perfect competition market is a market system that is characterised by several buyers and sellers. In this form of perfect competition, there are a large number of buyers and sellers. Since there are so many people and players in the market, no one of them can bring any change to the prevailing price in the market. There are many alternatives and choices available in the market to pursue if anyone tries to bring any changes.

The important characteristics of a perfect competition market are:

• A large number of buyers and

 

5. Examine the concept of ‘Paradox of thrift’

Ans: The paradox of thrift was a concept put forward by economist John Maynard Keynes and he believed that people normally try to save more during the period of economic recession. This results in the fall of

 

 

6. Analyze the Marginal productivity Theory of Wage Determination.

Ans:

This theory was propounded by Phillips Henry Wick-steed (England) and John Bates Clark in 1890. As per this theory, wages are computed based on the demand of labour that determines its price. Hence according to the marginal productivity theory of wage, under perfect competition, a worker’s wage is equal to the marginal as well as the average revenue productivity. This

 

SESSION	FEB-2024
PROGRAM	BACHELOR of Commerce (BCom)
SEMESTER	I
course CODE & NAME	DCM1103 – Fundamentals of Accounting I
CREDITS	4

Assignment Set – 1

Questions

 

1. a. Describe the types of subsidiary books.

Ans:

Subsidiary books, also known as subsidiary ledgers, are a group of accounting books that record detailed information about specific types of transactions.

The types of subsidiary books include: 

Sales Day Book: A book that records all credit sales transactions.  Purchases Day Book: A book that records all credit

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2. a. Explain the Golden Rules of Accounting of Debit and Credit.

Ans: The accounting process involves a series of systematic steps that ensure financial transactions are accurately recorded, classified, summarized, and reported.

 

Here are the key steps in the accounting process:

 

1. Identifying Transactions:

   – Recognize and identify all

3. Mention which side (debit or credit) and column (Cash/Bank/Discount) will be affected in a three-column cash book for the following transactions-
4. Received Cash
5. Cash paid
6. Discount allowed
7. Discount received
8. Cash deposited in the bank
9. Cash withdrawn for office use
10. Cheque received and deposited into bank
11. Cheque issued
12. Wages paid
13. Interest received from bank.

In a three-column cash book, the following sides and columns are affected for the given transactions: 

Received Cash

Debit Side: Cash Column 

Cash paid

Credit

 

 

 

Assignment Set – 2

Questions

4. Rishabh & Co. purchased a fixed asset (Machinery) on 1.10 2020 for Rs.1,40,000 and spent Rs 10,000 on its installation. Depreciation is to be provided @10% annually according to the Straight-line method. The books are closed on 31st March every year. Pass the necessary journal entries, prepare Fixed asset Account and Depreciation Account for three years till 31^st March 2023.

Ans: To account for the purchase of machinery, the installation cost, and the annual depreciation, we’ll need to make several journal entries and prepare the relevant accounts for three years (from 1st October 2020 to 31st March 2023).

Let’s walk through the process step by step.

 

Journal Entries

 

1. **Purchase of Machinery: **

   “`

Date          Account                          Debit      Credit

01.10.2020    Machinery Account                Rs.1,40,000

Cash/Bank

 

5. a. Explain the different types of Errors in accounting.

Ans: Errors in accounting can be classified into two types: 

Errors of Omission: These errors occur when a transaction is completely omitted from the accounting records.

For example, if a sale transaction is not recorded in the sales journal, it will be considered an error of omission. 

Errors of

 

6. From the given information, prepare the final accounts of ST Ltd.

Debit	Rs.	Credit	Rs.
Drawings	6,300	Capital	1,50,000
Cash at bank	13,870	Discount received	2,980
Bills receivable	1,860	Loans	15,000
Loan and Building	42,580	Purchases return	1,450
Furniture	5,130	Sales	2,81,500
Discount allowed	3,960	Reserve for bad debts	4,650
Bank charges	100	Creditors	18,670
Salaries	6,420
Purchases	1,99,080
Stock (opening)	60,220
Sales return	1,870
Carriage	5,170
Rent and Taxes	7,680
General expenses	3,630
Plant and Machinery	31,640
Book debts	82,740
Bad debts	1,250
Insurance	750
	4,74,250		4,74,250

 

Adjustments:

1. Closing stock Rs. 70,000
2. Create a reserve for bad and doubtful debts @ 10% on book debts
3. Insurance prepaid Rs. 50
4. Rent outstanding Rs. 150
5. Interest on loan is due @ 6% p.a.

Ans:

SESSION	FEB 2024
PROGRAM	BACHELOR OF COMMERCE(B.COM)
SEMESTER	I
COURSE CODE & NAME	DCM1104 –BUSINESS ORGANISATION
CREDITS	4

 

 

Assignment Set – 1

Questions

 

 

1. “The business environment influences the strategic decisions and operations of businesses.” Discuss the business and environment interface in the context of the assertion.

Ans: The relationship between the business environment and the strategic decisions and operations of businesses is profound and multifaceted. The business environment encompasses all external factors that affect a company’s ability to achieve its objectives. These factors can be broadly categorized into political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal (

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2. Discuss the key features of a company form of business organisation.

Ans:

A company form of business organization, often referred to as a corporation, is a legal entity that is separate and distinct from its owners. This separation provides several advantages and characteristics that define the corporate structur

 

3. Explain the Entrepreneurship decision process.

Ans: An entrepreneur is one who is operating the business owned by him/her. So in the routine business operations he/she has to take a number of decisions for running the business.

The essential steps involved in the process are as follows:

 

1. Identification of business opportunity:

 

Assignment Set – 2

Questions

 

4. Elaborate the significance of the Memorandum of Association of a company stating its purpose and content.

Ans: The Memorandum of Association (MoA) is a fundamental document required for the incorporation of a company. It serves as the company’s charter, outlining its scope of operations and its relationship with the external world. The MoA is crucial for both legal and operational purposes. Here is a detailed explanation of its significance, purpose, and content:

Significance of the

 

 

5. Appraise the objectives of marketing management in business.

Ans: Marketing management in business encompasses a wide range of objectives aimed at ensuring the successful promotion and sale of products or services.

 

The primary objectives of marketing management can be categorized as follows: 

 

1. Customer Satisfaction Objective: To identify and meet the needs and wants of customers more effectively than competitors.

 

6. Write short notes on the following:
7. Competition Act, 2002

Ans: The Competition Act, 2002 extends to the whole of India except the state of Jammu and Kashmir. It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may, by notification in the official gazette, appoint. It received the assent of the President of India on 13 January, 2003. The Preamble to the Act reads that it is an Act to provide, keeping in view of the economic development of the country,

• For the establishment

 

SESSION	FEB 2024
PROGRAM	BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (BCOM)
SEMESTER	I
COURSE CODE & NAME	DCM1105 – PRINCIPLES OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
CREDITS	4

 

 

Assignment Set – 1

Questions

 

1. Define manager. Describe the characteristics of the manager.

Ans:

According to Mc Farland, “Management is defined for conceptual, theoretical and analytical purposes as that process by which managers create, direct, maintain and operate purposive organisation through systematic, co-ordinated co-operative human effort.”

Management involves mainly managing resources and people in the most effective manner to achieve pre-determined aims.

The main characteristics of management:-

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2. Describe the steps in strategic planning.

Ans: Strategic Planning Process:-

 

Let us discuss these steps.

 

1. Initiate the planning: In the first step, an organisation must address certain issues to find out if it is ready to begin the strategy planning.

For this, an organisation need to:

1. i) define the issues or choices to be addressed in the planning;

1. ii) Define the roles;

 

3. Differentiate between Open System and Closed System.

Ans:

The concepts of open and closed systems are fundamental in various fields, including organizational theory, management, systems theory, and even thermodynamics.

 

Here’s a detailed differentiation between open systems and closed systems:

 

Open System

 

 

Assignment Set – 2

Questions

 

4. Differentiate between formal and informal organisations.

Ans:

Differences between Formal and Informal Organisations:-

Formal Organisations	Informal Organisations
They are developed by top management	They are developed due to the desire of people of belongingness. Top management has no role in their formation.

 

5. “To be a great leader one must possess various qualities to lead the followers successfully and earn their trust, respect, and loyalty.” Comment.

Ans:

The assertion that a great leader must possess various qualities to lead followers successfully and earn their trust, respect, and loyalty is widely recognized and supported in leadership theories and practices. Effective leadership is not merely about holding a position of power but involves a complex interplay of personal attributes, skills, and behaviors that inspire and motivate

 

 

6. Discuss the principles of good coordination in an organisation.

Ans:

PRINCIPLES OF COORDINATION

• Direct person-to-person contact: Direct contact amongst the responsible persons in an organisation promotes coordination through inter-personal connections, the exchange of ideas, and replies, as well as communication. Personal relationships result in agreement on techniques and actions, as well as the speedy and effective achievement of corporate goals. Direct connections facilitate the removal of misunderstandings, the resolution of conflicts between the