BCA DCA2107 DATA COMMUNICATION & PROTOCOLS

Description

SESSION	OCT/DEC – 2025
PROGRAM	BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA)
SEMESTER	3
COURSE CODE & NAME	DCA 2107   DATA COMMUNICATION & PROTOCOLS

 

 

Set-I

 

Q1. Explain the differences between Analog and Digital Data Transmission, and discuss how Transmission Impairments (attenuation, distortion, noise) affect signal quality and Channel Capacity. 10

Ans 1.

Data transmission is the process of sending and receiving information between two or more devices through communication media. It can occur in two primary forms — analog and digital transmission. The choice between the two depends on the nature of the signal, the type of communication channel, and the required level of accuracy and reliability. Both analog and digital systems have their advantages, limitations, and use cases in modern communication.

Analog Data Transmission

In analog

 

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Q2. Analyze the working principles of Guided and Unguided (Wireless) Transmission Media, with special reference to Line-of-Sight (LOS) and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) transmission applications in modern communication 10

Ans 2.

Working Principles of Guided and Unguided Transmission Media

Transmission media are the physical or wireless pathways that connect communication devices and enable the exchange of data. They can be classified into Guided (wired) and Unguided (wireless) media. Guided media use physical conductors such as copper or fiber optics, while unguided media use free-space propagation of electromagnetic waves. The selection of a transmission medium depends on factors such as cost, bandwidth, distance, and environmental conditions.

Guided Transmission

 

 

Q3. Evaluate various Digital-to-Digital Conversion Techniques such as Line Coding, Block Coding, and Scrambling, and justify their role in maintaining synchronization and signal integrity. 10

Ans 3.

In digital communication, binary data generated by computers must be converted into digital signals suitable for transmission. This process, known as Digital-to-Digital Conversion, involves techniques such as Line Coding, Block Coding, and Scrambling. These ensure synchronization, reduce errors, and preserve signal integrity throughout the transmission channel.

Line Coding

Line coding is the process of representing digital data using specific voltage levels or signal transitions. It defines how bits (0s and 1s) are mapped to signal pulses. Common line coding methods include Unipolar, Polar, Bipolar, and Manchester Encoding.

In Unipolar Encoding

 

Set-II

Q4. Discuss and compare different Digital-to-Analog Conversion Techniques (ASK, FSK, PSK) and their use in Asynchronous and Synchronous Data Transmission. Include examples from real-world communication systems. 10

Ans 4.

Digital-to-Analog Conversion (DAC) refers to the process of converting digital binary data into analog carrier signals for transmission across analog communication channels. Since many physical media such as telephone lines and radio links are designed for analog wave propagation, conversion is necessary to enable computers and digital devices to communicate efficiently. The three primary DAC techniques are Amplitude-Shift Keying (ASK), Frequency-Shift Keying (FSK), and Phase-Shift Keying (PSK). Each technique modifies a different parameter of the carrier wave—amplitude

 

Q5. Examine the role of Error Detection and Correction mechanisms, Line Configurations, and High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) in ensuring reliable data communication between nodes 10

Ans 5.

Reliable data communication requires mechanisms that detect and correct transmission errors, define physical connections between nodes, and control data flow to prevent congestion or duplication. Error control methods, line configurations, and High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) protocols work collectively to ensure that data is transmitted accurately and efficiently across a network.

Error Detection and Correction Mechanisms

Errors occur due to noise, interference, or synchronization loss. Error detection identifies whether data has

 

Q6. Critically evaluate modern Multiplexing Techniques (FDM, TDM, CDMA, OFDMA) and Wireless Standards (1G to 6G), highlighting how TCP/IP layers, Encryption/Decryption, Firewalls, and VPNs collectively support secure end-to-end communication. 10

Ans 6.

Modern Multiplexing Techniques

Multiplexing allows multiple signals to share a single communication channel efficiently. The major types are Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA).

• FDM divides the available bandwidth into separate frequency bands for simultaneous transmission, used in radio broadcasting and cable TV.
• TDM