BCA DCA1108 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTERS & DIGITAL SYSTEMS

Description

 

SESSION	SEPT 2024
PROGRAM	Bachelor of COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA)
SEMESTER	1
course CODE & NAME	DCA1108 – FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTERS & DIGITAL SYSTEMS

 

 

 

Set – I

 

 

1. Differentiate between Analog and Digital Signal

Ans 1.

Differentiating Between Analog and Digital Signals

Analog and digital signals are two fundamental ways of representing information in communication systems. These signals differ significantly in how they represent data, their applications, and their respective advantages and limitations.

1. Definition

• Analog Signal: Analog signals are continuous waveforms that represent physical quantities such as sound, light, or temperature. They vary smoothly over time, with their amplitude

 

 

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2. Elucidate the generation of computers.

Ans 2.

The Generations of Computers

The evolution of computers has been marked by significant technological advancements, leading to the development of increasingly powerful and efficient machines. This evolution is classified into five distinct generations, each defined by key technological breakthroughs.

1. First Generation (1940s–1950s): Vacuum Tubes

The first generation of computers relied on vacuum tube technology for processing and memory. These machines

 

 

3. Compare and contrast the binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal number systems.

Ans 3.

Comparison and Contrast of Binary, Decimal, Octal, and Hexadecimal Number Systems

Number systems are foundational to computing and mathematics, providing methods to represent and process numerical data. Binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal number systems differ in their bases, usage, and representation. Below is a detailed comparison and contrast.

1. Definition and Base

• Binary: A base-2 system using

 

 

Set – II

 

 

4. Difference between MUX and DEMU.

Ans 4.

Difference Between MUX and DEMU

MUX (Mainline Electric Multiple Unit) and DEMU (Diesel Electric Multiple Unit) are two types of railway systems used for passenger transportation, distinguished primarily by their power sources and operational characteristics.

1. Power Source

• MUX: MUX is

 

 

5. Define Synchronous Counter. Explain its purpose.

Ans 5.

Synchronous Counter

A Synchronous Counter is a type of digital counter where all the flip-flops (storage elements) are triggered simultaneously by the same clock signal. Unlike asynchronous counters, where the output of one flip-flop acts as the clock for the next, synchronous counters ensure that all flip-flops change states at the same time. This simultaneous operation eliminates the propagation delays typically found in asynchronous designs, making synchronous counters faster

 

 

6. Define Shift registers and explicate its purpose.

Ans 6.

Shift Registers

A Shift Register is a sequential digital circuit that is used to store and transfer data. It consists of a series of flip-flops connected in a chain, where the output of one flip-flop is connected to the input of the next. Controlled by a clock signal, shift registers can move (or “shift”) data bits either to the left or the right. The number of flip-flops determines the size of the register and the number of bits it can