DCA6110 PROGRAMMING & PROBLEM SOLVING USING C

Description

Programming & Problem-Solving using C

 

 

1. (a) Explain the structure of a C program. (b) Explain input/output functions (printf, scanf). (5+5 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

All the C program have a fixed structure which the C compiler expects and it communicates with the user principally through input and output functions. The first step to learning C programming correctly is to understand these two basics.

Structure of a C Program

A typical C program starts with preprocessor directives, typically consisting of header files required by the program to execute, e.g., stdio dot h for input-output. This is followed by the main function, the beginning point of execution of any C program and the point from which program execution actually

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2. What are the major components of a C program? (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

A C program is divided into different parts, each of which is essential to understanding and implementing the program correctly by the compiler. A learner who has a knowledge of each of these components reads and writes C programs with more clarity.

Concept and Application

Preprocessor Directives

Preprocessor directives are instructions that are processed before the actual compilation begins, and they usually start with the hash symbol. The most frequently used directive is include

 

3. Define operators in C and explain their types with suitable C Programs. (10 Marks)

Ans 3.

Introduction

Operators in C are special symbols that tell the compiler to perform a specific mathematical, logical or other kind of operation on the given values. They are the fundamental units that are used when writing expressions and conditions in a program.

Meaning of Operators

An operator is a symbol that indicates a particular operation on one or more values (operands) and returns a value, the result of that operation. C offers a variety of operators, which can be classified into various categories according to the type of operations they perform.

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are symbols that are used to perform basic mathematical calculations, including the addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and remainder operations. The operators are regularly used in

 

 

 

4. (a) Explain call by value and call by address. (b) Explain the difference between library and user-defined functions. (5+5 Marks)

Ans 4.

Data can be supplied to functions in various ways and there are some that are already provided by the compiler or can be created by the programmer. Both these ideas are important while designing a well structured C program.

Call by Value and Call by Address.

For call by value, a copy of the actual argument is passed to the function so that if the value of the argument is changed within the function, it will not affect the value of the argument in the calling program. Call by address: Memory address of actual argument passed to the function using pointer, both the pointer passed to the function and the actual argument are pointing to the same memory

 

5. What is the difference between declaration and definition of function? (10 Marks)

Ans 5.

Introduction

In C, there are two concepts that are related but distinct – declaration and definition, related to functions. Many beginners get the two terms mixed up, but they are used for different purposes in a program.

Meaning of Function Declaration

A function declaration, also known as a function prototype, serves to inform the compiler of the name of the function, the value type returned by the function, and the type of parameter that it accepts, but not the actual function body. It is typically declared in the “top” of the program, before the main function, so that the compiler will know what type the function is, and what to expect in terms of calling it, even if the entire function will only be used later in the program. A declaration is

 

 

6. (a) Explain advantages and disadvantages of recursion. (b) Explain function prototype and its importance. (5+5 Marks)

Ans 6.

Introduction

Two important concepts about functions in C are recursion and function prototypes, both of which impact the way in which a program is written and its performance when it runs.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Recursion

Recursion is a method that involves a function calling itself to get the answer by repeatedly solving smaller instances of the same problem. The beauty of the recursive approach is that recursive code is shorter and easier to read when a problem is naturally recursive, such as computing a factorial