DCA6111 RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

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Relational Database Management System

 

 

  1. Explain the different types of Database Management Systems based on data model, number of users, number of sites, cost, and purpose. Also compare Centralised and Distributed Database Systems with suitable examples. (5+5 Marks)

Ans 1.

DBMS can be categorised in various ways, based on the type of data they store and the ways in which they are utilised. In addition to the above classification, it is equally important to compare centralised and distributed databases as they are the two options used by various organizations.

Based on Data Model and Number of Users:

Depending on the data model, the DBMS can be classified into hierarchical, network, relational and object oriented, with the relational model being the most popular since it represents data as simple

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  1. Explain the concept of Query Optimisation. Discuss the role of heuristics and query transformation rules in improving query execution efficiency. (5+5 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

In the world of databases, query optimisation plays a crucial role in database management, as the same query might be answered in various ways, with some being much more efficient than others. The database system attempts to determine the most efficient manner in which to execute a query prior to its execution.

Query

 

 

 

  1. Explain normalization in DBMS and also explain each normal form (1NF to 5NF) with examples. (5+5 Marks)

Ans 3.

Introduction

In Database Design, Normalization is a process to structure the data to prevent the data being stored in multiple places or problems with inserting, updating or deleting data records. It is performed in a steps by steps method called the normal forms, where each normal form is more

 

  1. Discuss data fragmentation, data replication, distributed transactions, and the Two-Phase Commit (2PC) protocol with suitable examples. (10 Marks)

Ans 4.

Introduction

Distributed database systems distribute data and processing across multiple locations, leading to several important concepts: fragmentation, replication, and coordinated transaction handling across locations.

Data Fragmentation

Data fragmentation is the practice of breaking up a database into smaller components or fragments and placing these

 

 

 

  1. Explain Parallel Database Architecture and discuss I/O Parallelism, Inter-Query Parallelism, and Intra-Query Parallelism. (10 Marks)

Ans 5.

Introduction

Parallel database systems consist of several processors and storage devices that cooperate together in order to process large quantities of data and queries more rapidly than using a system with only one processor. The parallelism may occur in several different ways, depending on the component of the system to be parallelized.

Parallel Database Architecture

 

 

  1. Explain the different lock modes. Discuss how hierarchical database elements are managed using locks. (10 Marks)

Ans 6.

Introduction

Locking is a popular method in databases for managing access to resources when concurrent users wish to read or write to the same data. There are various locking modes that exist to find a compromise between