BCA DCA2105 COMPUTER ORGANISATION AND ARCHITECTURE

Description

SESSION	JULY/SEPTEMBER 2025
PROGRAM	BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA)
SEMESTER	III
COURSE CODE & NAME	DCA2105 COMPUTER ORGANISATION AND ARCHITECTURE

 

 

Set-I

 

Q1. Explain the block diagram of a computer system. Describe the role of each unit in detail 5+5     

Ans 1.

Block Diagram of a Computer System and the Role of Each Unit

A computer system is an electronic device that processes data to produce meaningful information. It performs this task through coordinated functioning of several interrelated units. The basic structure of a computer can be represented through a block diagram, which consists of five main components — Input Unit, Output Unit, Central Processing Unit (CPU), Memory Unit, and Storage Unit. These units work together to perform input, processing, storage, and output operations systematically.

1. Input Unit

The input unit is responsible for accepting raw data and instructions from the user and converting them into a

 

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Q2. Types of Micro-Operations and Hardware Implementation of Arithmetic Micro-Operations (5+5 Marks)

Ans 2.

Micro-operations are the fundamental operations performed on data stored in registers within the CPU. Each micro-operation involves a simple task such as transferring data, performing arithmetic, or applying logical operations. These operations form the basis of instruction execution. There are four major types of micro-operations: Register Transfer, Arithmetic, Logic, and Shift micro-operations.

1. Register Transfer

 

Q3. Logic Micro-Operations and Hardware Implementation of AND, OR, NOT, and XOR (5+5 Marks)

Ans 3.

Logic micro-operations are operations that manipulate individual bits of binary data stored in registers based on Boolean algebra. They are used for comparison, bit masking, and decision-making tasks in the CPU. Unlike arithmetic operations that deal with numerical calculations, logic micro-operations deal with binary logic (1s and 0s). The most common logic operations are AND, OR, NOT, and XOR, which form the foundation for digital circuit design.

1. AND Operation

 

 

Set-II

 

4. Explain the different phases of an instruction cycle — fetch, decode, execute, and interrupt. Illustrate with neat diagrams and examples of memory reference and I/O instructions. 5+5

Ans 4.

Phases of an Instruction Cycle — Fetch, Decode, Execute, and Interrupt

An instruction cycle is the fundamental operational process of the Central Processing Unit (CPU). It is a repetitive sequence of events that occur during the execution of each instruction in a program. The CPU works continuously by fetching an instruction from memory, decoding it, executing it, and checking for interrupts before proceeding to the next instruction. The four key phases of this cycle — Fetch, Decode, Execute, and Interrupt — ensure systematic and efficient operation of a computer

 

Q5. Differentiate between hardwired and microprogrammed control units. Discuss their advantages, disadvantages, and typical applications.     5+5     

Ans 5.

Concept and Design Differences

The Control Unit (CU) is the part of the CPU responsible for directing and coordinating all activities of the processor. It generates control signals to manage data transfer, instruction execution, and synchronization among components. There are two main types of control units — Hardwired Control Units and Microprogrammed Control Units.

A Hardwired Control Unit uses fixed electronic circuits made up of logic gates, decoders, and timing elements to generate specific control signals. When an instruction is decoded, the corresponding control signals are generated instantly through hardware paths. This design is very fast since no intermediate

 

 

Q6. Explain the structure and functioning of an I/O interface. Describe how it connects peripheral devices to the CPU and system bus. 5+5         

Ans 6.

Structure and Components of I/O Interface

An Input/Output (I/O) interface acts as a bridge between the CPU and peripheral devices, allowing smooth communication between them. Since peripherals like printers, keyboards, and disks operate at different speeds and formats than the CPU, the I/O interface manages this disparity. It ensures synchronization, buffering, and conversion of data formats to maintain efficiency.

There are three essential