DCA1110 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Description

SESSION	JULY/SEPTEMBER 2025
PROGRAM	BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA)
SEMESTER	I
COURSE CODE & NAME	DCA1110 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

 

 

SET-I

 

Q1. What is the concept of sustainability? Discuss various principles of sustainability and their application in development planning.  2+8

Ans 1.

Concept of Sustainability

Sustainability refers to the ability to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It emphasizes responsible use of natural resources, long-term environmental protection, and social and economic well-being. Sustainability balances three key pillars: environmental protection, economic development, and social equity. It urges societies to use resources efficiently, reduce pollution, conserve biodiversity, and ensure that economic progress does not harm ecological systems. This concept guides governments, organizations, and communities in making decisions that ensure a healthy planet for

 

 

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Q2. What are the two main components of an Ecosystem, explain with suitable examples. Also describe the food chain and its importance in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. 5+5          

Ans 2.

Components of an Ecosystem

An ecosystem consists of two main components: abiotic components and biotic components. These components interact continuously to maintain ecological balance. Abiotic components include all non-living physical and chemical factors such as sunlight, temperature, soil, water, minerals, and air. They determine the climate and suitability of a habitat for organisms. For example, a desert ecosystem has high temperature, low rainfall, and sandy soil, which supports cactus and reptiles. Similarly, a pond ecosystem consists of water, dissolved oxygen, sunlight, and minerals,

Q3. Give a brief comparison between renewable and non-renewable natural resources. 10   

Ans 3.

Comparison of Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources

Natural resources are materials provided by nature that support life and economic activities. They are broadly classified into renewable and non-renewable resources based on their availability and rate of replenishment. Renewable resources are those that can be regenerated naturally within a short period. Examples include solar energy, wind energy, water, forests, and biomass. These resources are considered sustainable because they can be used repeatedly without getting exhausted, provided they are managed responsibly. For example, solar energy is available every day and can be harnessed through solar panels without depletion. Similarly, forests can regenerate through

 

SET-II

 

 

Q4. What is Biodiversity and what are its different types. Briefly comment on Biodiversity hotspots, endangered vs endemic species. 4+6           

Ans 4.

Meaning of Biodiversity

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms found on Earth, including plants, animals, microorganisms, and the ecosystems they form. It represents the total richness of life at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. Biodiversity ensures ecological stability, supports food chains, maintains climate balance, and provides essential resources such as medicines, fuel, and raw materials. Healthy biodiversity increases the resilience of ecosystems, helping them withstand environmental changes,

 

Q5. Among water, air and noise pollution, which do you consider the most severe? Justify your answer with reasons.          10       

Ans 5.

Which Pollution Is Most Severe? – A Justified Argument

Among water, air, and noise pollution, air pollution can be considered the most severe because it affects the largest number of people, spreads quickly, and causes long-term health and environmental damage. While water and noise pollution are harmful, air pollution poses the greatest threat due to its direct impact on human survival.

Air pollution is severe because polluted air enters the human body every second through breathing. It contains harmful pollutants like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), and toxic gases released from vehicles, industries, burning of fossil fuels, and construction activities. These pollutants cause respiratory diseases, asthma, lung cancer, heart

 

Q6. Why do we need proper management of solid waste disposal, support your answer with appropriate examples. 10  

Ans 6.

Need for Proper Solid Waste Management

Proper management of solid waste disposal is essential for protecting public health, preserving the environment, and ensuring sustainable urban development. Solid waste includes household garbage, plastics, paper, agricultural waste, biomedical waste, electronic waste, and industrial residues. If not