DCA71S5  CYBER LAWS AND ETHICS

Description

SESSION	FEB-MARCH 2026
PROGRAM	MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (MCA)
SEMESTER	III
COURSE CODE & NAME	DCA71S5  CYBER LAWS AND ETHICS

 

 

 

Assignment Set – 1

 

 

Q.1. Analyze the role of digital signatures in financial transactions, public services, and legal evidence with suitable examples.

Ans 1.

Concept of Digital Signatures

Digital signatures are the use of cryptography to provide assurance, security as well as non-repudiation of electronic communications and documents. It is made by the mathematical method of creating a signature unique to the contents of the document as well as the private key that the signer uses to access his. Validation is done using the corresponding public key, confirming the signature was made by the holder of the private key and that it hasn’t been changed following the signing.

 

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Q.2. Discuss how cyber crimes such as hacking, phishing, and Digital Frauds affect individuals and organizations.

Ans 2.

Impact of Hacking

Hacking refers to the unauthorized access to computer systems, networks, or data. In the case of individuals, it results in invasion of privacy through the unauthorized access of personal account, email addresses, photographs, and financial information. Victims suffer emotional distress or identity theft as well as loss of money due to unauthorized accounts or transactions. Data stolen through hacking can be sold via the dark web, leading to long-term consequences including the possibility of credit loss and loan fraud which can take years to fix.

In the case of organizations, incidents of hacking result in severe and complex consequences. Security breaches can expose personally identifiable information, triggering legal penalties in accordance with applicable regulations on

 

Q.3. Explain the concept of consumer protection in e-commerce and its importance in the digital era.

Ans 3.

Concept of Consumer Protection in E-Commerce

Consumer protection in e-commerce refers to the legal structure, regulatory methods, and the practices of industry intended to protect customers who purchase online from unfair trade practices as well as defective goods, fraudulent sellers, and privacy abuses. As commerce has shifted from physical stores to digital platforms, the conventional consumer protection systems required

Assignment Set – 2

 

 

Q.4. Describe the role and responsibilities of forensic experts in legal proceedings and litigations.

Ans 4.

Role of Digital Forensic Experts

Digital forensic experts are specialized experts who are trained to recognize and preserve, analyze from, analyse, and then present digital evidence legally admissible shape. As virtually every criminal and civil matter now involves some kind of digital evidence, from financial fraud and cybercrime all the way to workplace misdeeds and theft of intellectual property, digital forensics experts are crucial participants in current litigation.

Forensic experts’ role starts with the collection of evidence. Digital evidence collection is a must, and demands strict

 

 

Q.5. Discuss the key provisions of the IT Act, 2000 and the penalties associated with cyber offences.

Ans 5.

Overview of the IT Act, 2000

The Information Technology Act, 2000 is the main law that governs electronic commerce, digital signatures cybercrime, computer security, and cyber security in India. Enacted to give legal recognition to electronic transactions and also to tackle the rise of cyber crimes, the Act was substantially amended by the IT (Amendment) Act, 2008, which broadened the definition of cyber offences

 

 

 

Q.6. Explain the importance of ethical hacking in cyber security and how it helps prevent malicious attacks.

Ans 6.

Concept of Ethical Hacking

Hacking that is ethical, sometimes referred to as white-hat or penetration testing, is the authorized method of trying to circumvent security controls of a computer system, network, or program to find vulnerabilities before malicious actors can take advantage of them. Ethical hackers employ the same tools, techniques that are employed by criminal hackers, but they operate under the express written consent of the system owner and for the purpose of enhancing rather than