PROGRAM BCA

SEMESTER III

COURSE CODE & NAME DCA2103, Computer Organization

SET-I

1. Explain von Neumann Architecture in detail.

Ans:

Structure of the IAS Computer

IAS is the first digital computer in which the von Neumann Architecture was employed. The general structure of the IAS computer is as shown in figure

 A main memory, which stores both instructions and data

 An arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) capable of operating on binary data

 A control unit,

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2. Explain in detail the different instruction formats with examples.

Ans: Instruction Formats

Instruction Format is defined as the layout of bits in an instruction in terms of its constituent parts. An Instruction Format must include opcode implicitly or explicitly and one or more operand(s). For, most instruction sets have usually mor

3. Discuss the organization of main memory.

Ans: A memory unit is the collection of storage units or devices together. The memory unit stores the binary information in the form of bits. Generally, memory/storage is classified into 2 categories:

• Volatile Memory: This loses its data, when power is switched off.
• Non-Volatile Memory:

SET-II

4. List and explain the mapping functions.

Ans: Mapping functions

The correspondence between the main memory and CPU are specified by a mapping function. There are three standard mapping functions namely

1. Direct mapping

2. Associative

5. What is an interrupt? Discuss the hardware actions in interrupt handling.

Ans: An interrupt is a signal emitted by a device attached to a computer or from a program within the computer. It requires the operating system (OS) to stop and figure out what to do next. An interrupt temporarily stops or terminates a service or a current process.

With Interrupt driven I/O,

6. Explain the characteristics of RISC and CISC architectures.

Ans: RISC Characteristics

Let’s take a closer look at some of the characteristics of RISC one at a time.

1. Small and Limited Numbers of Instructions

As explained earlier, to increase the speed and performance of RISC, a limited number of frequently used instructions are executed. This reduces the number of cycles per instruction but at a cost of total number of instructions executed in the same time frame.

2. Hardwired

PROGRAM BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA)

SEMESTER III

COURSE CODE & NAME DCA2102 – DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Set – I

1. Explain various storage devices and their characteristics.

Ans: The fastest storage media – for example, cache and main memory – are referred to as primary storage. The media in the next level in the hierarchy – for example, magnetic disks – are referred to as secondary storage, or online storage. The media in the lowest level in the hierarchy – for example, magnetic tape and optical-disk jukeboxes – are referred to as tertiary storage, or

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2. Explain the important properties of transactions that a DBMS must ensure to maintain data in the face of concurrent access and system failures

Ans: There are four important properties of transactions that a DBMS must ensure to maintain data in the face of concurrent access and system failures:

1. Users should be able to regard the execution of each transaction as atomic: either all actions are carried out or

3. What do you mean by cardinality ratio? What are its types? Explain by giving a suitable example.

Ans: In a database, the mapping cardinality or cardinality ratio means to denote the number of entities to which another entity can be linked through a certain relation set.

For a binary relationship set R between entity sets A and B, the mapping cardinality must be one of the following:

 One-to-one (1:1): An

Set – II

4. What do you mean by Normalization? How BCNF is different from 3NF?

Ans: Normalization is to reduce redundancy which means that information is to be stored only once. Storing information several times leads to wastage of storage space, and increase in the total size of the data stored. Relations are normalized so that when relations in a database are to be altered during the lifetime of the database, we do not lose information or introduce

5. Explain Join strategies for parallel processing.

Ans: We can use multiple processors for parallel computation to make the processing faster. There are many cases where multiple processors may be available for parallel computation of the join. The architecture may be different, including database machines. We will consider an architecture where all processors have access to all disks, and all processors share main memory.

1 Parallel

6. What are the features of Object -Oriented System? How it is different from RDBMS?

Ans: Object-oriented systems make these promises:

Reduced maintenance:

The primary goal of object-oriented development is the assurance that the system will enjoy a longer life while having far smaller maintenance costs. Because most of the processes within the system are encapsulated, the behaviours may be reused and incorporated into new behaviours.

Real-world modelling:

Object-oriented systems tend to model the real world in a more complete fashion than do traditional

PROGRAM BCA

SEMESTER III

COURSE CODE & NAME DCA2101 -COPUTER ORIENTED NUMERICAL METHOD

1. Find Taylor’s series of the function f(x)= 3x^5- 2x^4+ 15x^3 + 13x^2 -12x – 5 at point c  = 2.

Answer:

we know that
Taylor series of
So

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2. Evaluate √12 to four decimal place by Newton’s – Raphson formula.

Solution: Newton’s method says that f(x) ≈l(x)=f(x0)+f'(x0)(x−x0)

√12 can be found by the function f(x) =x2−12

We know that 3<√12<4, so x0=3

f'(x)=2x

3. Solve the system of equation by matrix inversion method

x+ y+ z = 1

x+ 2y+ 3z = 6

x+ 3y+ 4z = 6

Solution:

x +  y +  z = 1

x + 2y + 3z = 6

x + 3y + 4z = 6

By matrix inversion.

I will assume you already know how to find the inverse of a matrix, and how to multiply two matrices. If you don’t,  post again asking how.

SET- II

4. From the following table, estimate the number of those students who obtained marks between 40 and 45

Marks	30 – 40	40 – 50	50 – 60	60 – 70	70 – 80
No. of students	31	42	51	35	31

Solution: Given

Marks	30 – 40	40 – 50	50 – 60	60 – 70	70 – 80
No. of students	31	42	51	35	31

To find

The number of students who obtained marks between 40 and 45.

Solution

The Newton’s Forward Difference Formula is given as,

⇒f(a+hu)=f(a)+uΔ(fa)+Δ²f(a)+…+Δⁿ(fa)

Now, we generate a forward difference table to find the maximum value i.e f(45),

x:         40  50    60      70     80

5. The population of a certain town is shown in the following table

Year x	1931	1941	1951	1961	1971
Population y	40.62	60.80	79.95	103.56	132.65

Solution: Step-by-step explanation:

Given= The Population in thousand in ta tabular form

To Find= The rate of growth in percentage.

Explanation=

We have been given that the population of the certain town is given below. Find the rate of growth of the population in 1931,1941,1961, and 1971. Year x : 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971

6. Using fourth order Runga – Kutta method to find y at x= 0.1, given that dy/dx = 3e^x + 2y, y(0) = 0 and h = 0.1

Answer:

Given

Runga kutta method of fourth order, for given  We have

PROGRAM BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA)

SEMESTER III

COURSE CODE & NAME DCA2104 – BASIC OF DATA COMMUNICATIONS

Set – I

1. Describe various trends in data communications and network technology. Explain Communication model in brief.

Ans: Data Communications and Networking for today’s Enterprise It is important for any enterprise to have effective and efficient data communication and networking. In this section, you will be introduced to the trends that are increasing the challenge for the business manager in planning and managing.

Trends

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2. List some difference base band and broadband transmission with some examples?

Ans:

Factor	Baseband	Broadband
The signal used for  Transmission.	The baseband transmits the digital signal using the physical medium like wires.	The broadband transmits the analog signals using optical fibers and twisted cables as a medium of transmission.

3. Differentiate between guided and unguided transmission and with some examples?

Ans: Guided transmission

In guided transmission media, you can see a cabling system that guides the data signals along a specific path. Guided media provides a guided path for propagation of signals. Twisted pairs, coaxial cables, optical fibers etc.are some of the examples for guided media.

Unguided transmission

Unguided transmission media consists of a means for the data signals to travel but nothing to guide them along a specific path. Unguided media employs an antenna for transmitting through air, vacuum or

Set – II

4. Explain different error detecting codes? Explain different Bluetooth layers.

Ans: The most popular error correcting methods are:

1. Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)

2. Forward Error Correction (FEC)

3. Hamming Code

We will look only at the Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) and Hamming code methods.

Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)

A.R.Q. stands for

5. Write short on synchronous and asynchronous transmission.

Ans: The term synchronous is used to describe a continuous and consistent timed transfer of data blocks.

These types of connections are used when large amounts of data must be transferred very quickly from one location to the other. The speed of the synchronous connection is attained by transferring data in large

6. Differentiate between frequency hopping spread spectrum and direct sequence spread spectrum

Ans:

S.no	FHSS (Frequency hopping spread spectrum)	DSSS (Direct sequence spread spectrum
1.	FH systems use a radio carrier that “hops” from frequency to frequency in a pattern known to both transmitter and receiver	DS systems use a carrier that remains fixed to a specific frequency band.

SESSION FEB/MAR 2022

PROGRAM Masters of COMPUTER APPLICATION (MCA)

SEMESTER- III

course CODE & NAME- DCA8142&OPEN SOURCE DB SYSTEMS

Assignment Set – 1

1 a. Explain the components of the database system.

Ans: Database Management System (DBMS) is a complex set of software programs that enables users to create and maintain a database. In this section, we discuss the types of software components that constitute a DBMS. The following fig 1 illustrates the typical DBMS components.

The figure is divided into two halves. The top half of the figure refers to the various users of the database environment and their

b. Explain ACID properties in transaction management.

Ans: The transaction is an operation that reads or writes a value on the database. Every transaction must adhere to four properties. Taking their initials letters collectively known as ACID properties. These properties are,

1. Atomicity: A Its Half solved only

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2 a. Briefly explain the various models of open-source software model.

Ans: The Open-Source Software (OSS) model is an alternate software engineering technique applied to modern commercial developmental models. The definite advantage of the Open- Source model is its expansion and

b. What is forking? Explain forking in brief.

Ans: ‘Forking’ is one of the main concepts in software development. Forking happens when developers take a copy of source code from one software package and start developing it independently. It creates a separate and distinct piece of the software. A successful fork code can reduce development

3. Explain relational model concepts and Relational algebra operations in detail.

Ans: The relational model is a data model. In the relational model, we can represent the database as a collection of relations. Relations are represented as tables. Each table consists of a set of values or records. The figure 1 shows an example of a relational model database.

In the given example,

Assignment Set – 2^nd

4 a. Explain different data types used in PHP.

Ans: The most commonly used PHP data structures are Arrays, strings, Files, etc.

a) PHP Arrays

The array is a collection of similar types of data using the common name. In an array, each array value is accessed by index. There are mainly three types of arrays. These are given below:

• Numeric Array

b. Explain the SQL Language and its’ advance features.

Ans: This section describes how PostgreSQL is providing SQL support. As we know PostgreSQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS). This means that the data is stored in the form of Relations (tables). Usually in an RDBMS data is stored in the form of tables. There are

5 a. Define Indices. Explain different Index types.

Ans: Indices are a special type of database object. The use of Indices will greatly increase database performance and also it enables faster execution of statements involving comparative criteria. An index helps to find the targeted rows more efficiently by tracking the data on one or more columns in a table. In this section we are going to discuss the different types of indices available, and when we can

6. Explain different datatypes used in PHP. Also Explain the PHP control structures.

Ans: PHP Data Types

Variables can store data of different types, and different data types can do different things.

PHP supports the following data types:

• String

SESSION FEB/MARCH-2022

PROGRAM- MCA

SEMESTER- III

COURSE CODE NAME DCA7104 Analysis and Design of Algorithms

SET-I

Questions Mark

1. A. What are the properties of an algorithm? Explain branch and bound algorithm with an example.

Ans: Properties of algorithms

An algorithm may have zero or more inputs externally and it should produce one or more output. Also, an algorithm must terminate after a finite number of steps. Properties of the algorithm include:

• Correctness – It should provide correct and accurate output for all legitimate input.

• Definiteness – Each Its Half solved only

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B. What is the general plan to analyse the efficiency of recursive algorithms?

Ans: Analyzing efficiency of recursive algorithms Let us see the general plan for analyzing the efficiency of recursive algorithms. The steps are as follows:

1) Decide the size of the input based

2. Differentiate between bottom-up and top-down heap construction with example.

Ans:

Bottom-up heap construction

It initializes the essentially complete binary tree with n nodes by placing keys in the order given and then “heapifies” the tree as follows. Starting with the last parental node and ending with the root, the algorithm checks whether the parental

3. A. How is Divide and Conquer a better method for sorting?

Ans: Insertion sort is a simple algorithm that implements the decrease and conquers methodology. Insertion sort executes in O(n2) time, but it’s about twice as fast as the bubble sort and somewhat faster than the selection sort in norm

SET-II

Questions Mark

4. A. Explain distribution counting with an example.

Ans: Distribution counting is an input enhancement method wherein a separate array is used to store the information generated during the sorting process and these arrays enhance the sorting process. Horspool’s and Boyer-Moore algorithms are string matching algorithms where in the pattern is compared with the text

B. Explain the algorithm to solve the Knapsack problem using the dynamic programming method.

Ans: Given a knapsack with following:

M-capacity of the knapsack

n-number of ojects

w- an array consisting of weights w1,w2…wn

p- an array consisting of

5. Explain the dynamic programming approach to find binomial coefficients

Ans: Let us use dynamic programming approach to solve this problem. Let a1, a2…an be the distinct elements given in ascending order and let p1, p2…pn be the probabilities of searching the elements. Let c[i,j] be the smallest average number of comparisons made in a binary search tree elements ai….aj,

6. A. Describe greedy choice property.

Ans: Greedy Choice Property

o In greedy algorithms a globally optimal solution is arrived by making a locally optimal (greedy) choice. That is to say when considering which choice to make, the choice that looks best in the current problem, without

B. Explain the sorting problem with the help of a decision tree

Ans: Decision tree means to represent a program in the form of tree with branches. Here each node represents a decision. First the root node is tested and then the control is passed to one of its subtrees, depending on the result of the test. This flow is continued till the leaf node with the element of interest is reach

PROGRAM MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATION (MCA)

SEMESTER III

COURSE CODE &amp; NAME DCA8143 – CRYPTOGRAPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY

Assignment Set – 1

1. Discuss the five X.800 security services.

Ans: X.800 divides security services into five categories. They are:

1. Authentication

2. Access control

3. Data confidentiality

4. Data Integrity

5. Non-repudiationIts Half solved only

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2. What is Symmetric-key cryptography? Explain the following substitution techniques:

(a) Caesar cipher

(b) Playfair

(c) Polyalphabetic ciphers

Ans: The sender and receiver share the same key in the symmetric-key cryptography encryption method. A single key is used for both encryption and decryption. The sender uses the key (or some set of rules) to encrypt the plaintext and sends this ciphertext to the receiver. The receiver uses the same key (or group of rules

3. Discuss the Data Encryption Standard (DES) algorithm and its strength in detail along with avalanche effect.

Ans: Data Encryption Standard (DES) was the main encryption scheme that was used until recently. The National Bureau of Standards, now called the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), adopted this standard. Since DES is now considered to be insecure for many applications, it has been replaced

Assignment Set – 2

4. Discuss the RSA algorithm by taking a suitable example

Ans: RSA stands for Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard Adleman, who first publicly described the algorithm in 1977. The letters RSA are the initials of their surnames. RSA is one of the first practicable public-key cryptosystems and is widely used for securing data transmission. In this type of cryptosystem, the

5. What do you mean by digital signature? What is the difference between a digital certificate and a digital signature? Explain.

Another important application is the digital signature. Here the hash value of a message is encrypted with a user’s private key. Anyone who knows the user’s public key can verify the integrity of the message that is associated with

6. Write detailed notes on:

a) Internet Protocol Security (IPsec)

IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) is a suite of protocols and algorithms for securing data transmitted over the internet or any public network. The Internet Engineering Task Force, or IETF, developed the IPsec protocols in the mid-1990s to provide security at the IP layer through authentication and encryption of IP 

PROGRAM MASTERS OF COMPUTER APPLICATION (MCA)

SEMESTER III

COURSE CODE &amp; NAME DCA7103 &amp; ADVANCED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Assignment Set – 1

1. a. What is software engineering? Explain principles of software engineering.

Ans: Software engineering is the application of principles used in the field of engineering, which usually deals with physical systems, to the design, development, testing, deployment and management of software systems.

Alan Davis (1994) is one of the earlier authorities to bring forward a set of principles of software engineeri

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2. a. Explain software process, project, and product in detail.

Ans: The following points are noted about software processes:

• Processes use resources subject to given constraints and produce intermediate and final products.

• Processes are

3. Briefly explain all models of the Software Life-Cycle Model.

Ans: Prototyping Model In prototyping model, the requirement gathering is done initially. Developer and customer define overall objectives, identify areas which needs more requirement gathering. Then a quick design is prepared. This quick design represents what will be input by user and the output

Assignment Set – 2

4. a. Describe the three phases of an object-oriented design process.

Ans:

The Object Oriented Design Using Unified Approach

In the OOAD design approach as shown in figure, we have three phases.

The first phase deals with the designing of classes and applying the design axioms to it. Here we have to create the UML diagrams, define class associations and hierarchy.

In the second phase, we have to create the mirror classes for access layer corresponding to every class created in the first phase. We have to eliminate the redundant classes and use method classes to refine the class structure.

5. a. Explain the software reengineering process model.

Ans: To implement these principles, we apply software reengineering process model that defines six activities, shown in Figure. In some cases, these activities occur in a linear sequence, but this is not always the case. For e.g., it may be that reverse engineering may have to occur before document restructuring can

b. Describe the software quality assurance.

Ans: Software quality assurance is defined as a planned and systematic approach to the evaluation of the quality and adherence to software product standards, processes and procedures. SQA includes the process of assuring that standards and procedures are established and are followed throughout the software

6. Explain different types of software testing.

Ans: Types of Testing:-

1. Unit Testing

It focuses on the smallest unit of software design. In this, we test an individual unit or group of interrelated units. It is often done by the programmer by using sample input and observing its corresponding outputs. 

Example:

a) In a program we

DCA7102 – PROGRAMMING IN JAVA

PROGRAM MCA (SEMESTER III)

Assignment Set – 1

1. a. Discuss the architecture of Java with the help of suitable diagram. Explain their entire technicality in detail.

Ans:

Architecture of JavaFX API

In JavaFX, the GUI Applications were coded using a Scene Graph. A Scene Graph is the starting point of the construction of the GUI Application. It holds the (GUI) application primitives that are termed as nodes.

A node is a visual/graphical object and it may include −

• Geometrical (Graphical) objects − (2D and 3D) such as circle, rectangle, polygon, etc.

• UI controls − such as Button, Checkbox, Choice box, Text Area, etc.

• Containers − (layout panes)

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b. What is Unicode? Explain. Discuss the various data types available in java programming in detail.

Ans: UNICODE. Universal Character Encoding. UNICODE. Unique, Universal, and Uniform character enCoding.

Data Types in Java

Data types

2. a. Explain the various utilities of ‘super’ keyword in context to inheritance? Explain each utility with the help of java program.

Ans: The super keyword in Java is a reference variable which is used to refer immediate parent class object.

Whenever you create the instance of subclass, an instance of parent class is created implicitly which is referred

b. How java handles exceptions? Discuss the utility of ‘try’ and multiple ‘catch’ statement with the help of java program.

Ans: The term exception in Java means the occurrence of an exceptional event. It is defined as an abnormality that occurs while the program is in execution which hinders the successful execution of the program, which means the way the program is meant to produce the result it doesn’t do so

3. What are streams in java? Discuss their various types. Explain at least 5 pre-defined methods and their functionality used through stream classes.

Ans: Java handles all input and output in the form of streams. A stream is a sequence of bytes traveling from a source to a destination over a communication path. If a program writes into a stream, it is the

Assignment Set – 2

1. a. Explain the collection hierarchy with the help of diagram.

The comprehensive collection framework hierarchy comprises four fundamental interfaces: Collection, List, Set, Map, and two specific interfaces for sorting called SortedSet and SortedMap. The Java.util package contains all of the collection framework’s interfaces and classes.

b. Discuss java annotation, and java custom annotation in detail with the help of java example.

Ans: Java annotations are used to provide meta data for Java code. Being meta data, Java annotations do not directly affect the execution of the code, although some types of annotations can actually be used for that

2. a. Discuss any 5 component classes of swing. Demonstrate a program which shows their utility.

Ans: 1. ImageIcon

The ImageIcon component creates an icon sized-image from an image residing at the source URL.

Example:

b. What is multithreading? Discuss its life cycle with the help of suitable diagram.

Ans: Java supports multithreaded programming, which allows you to write programs to meet the real-world requirement for creating interactive as well as networked programs. Java supports multithreading which is not

3. How Java Server Pages can be created? Discuss all the steps involved along with suitable java example.

Ans: Java Server pages are on the whole, text files that combine standard HTML and new scripting tags. JSPs look like HTML, but they get compiled into Java Servlets the first time they are invoked. The resulting servlet is a combination of the HTML from the JSP file and embedded dynamic

PROGRAM MCA

SEMESTER III

COURSE CODE &amp; NAME DCA7101 – PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

SET-I

1. Bag I contain 3 red and 4 black balls and Bag II contain 4 red and 5 black balls. One ball is transferred from Bag I to Bag II and then a ball is drawn from Bag II. The ball so drawn is found to be red. Find the probability that the transferred ball is black.

Solution: Step -1: Consider all possible events for transferring balls.

               Given that, 

               Bag I contains 3 red and 4 black balls.

               Bag II contains 4 red and 5 black balls.

               Let E1, E2, E3, E, be 

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2. A random variable has the following probability distribution

X	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
P(X=x)	0	a	2a	2a	3a	a^2	2a^2	7a^2 + a

Find (i) the value of ‘a’

(ii) P [1.5<X<4.5/ X>2]

(iii) E(X)

Solution: (i) Sum of all probabilities must be equal to 1

So we get a+2a+2a+3a+a^2+2a^2+7a^2 +a =1

⇒10a^2 + 9a =1

⇒a = −1,

3. The daily earning of a vendor for a period of 43 days are given below

Daily earning (Rs.)	118- 126	127- 135	136- 144	145- 153	154- 162	163- 171	172- 180
No. of days	3	8	9	12	5	4	2

Calculate Standard Deviation and coefficient of variation.

Solution:

SET-II

4. Suppose that a manufactured product has 2 defects per unit of product inspected. Using Poisson’s distribution, calculate the probabilities of finding a product without any defect, 3 defects, and 4 defects. (Given)

Solution:

Given:

A manufactured product has 2 defects per unit of product inspected

To find:

The probabilities of finding a product with

• out any defect
• 3 defects

5. Compute the regression equation of Y on X and regression equation of X on Y on the basis of the following information

	X	Y
Mean	40	45
Standard Deviation	10	9

The correlation coefficient between X and Y is 0.50. Also estimate the value of Y for X = 48, using the appropriate regression equation.

Answer:

Given that,

6. The following data relate to the prices and quantities of 4 commodities in the years 1982 and 1983. Construct the following index numbers of price for the year 1983 by using  1982 as base year.

(i) Laspeyre’s Index

(ii) Paasche’s Index

(iii) Fisher’s Index

Commodit Y	1982	1983
Price	Quantity	Price	Quantity
A	5	100	6	150
B	4	80	5	100
C	2.5	60	5	72
D	12	30	9	33

Solution:

Commodit Y	1982	1983	P1q0	P0q0	P1q1	P0q1
Price(P0)	Quantity(Q0)	Price(P1)	Quantity(Q1)
A	5	100	6	150	600	500	900	750
B	4	80	5	100	400	320	500	400
C	2.5	60	5	72	300	150	360	180

SESSION	Feb/March-2022
PROGRAM	MCA
SEMESTER	III
course CODE & NAME	DCA7104Analysis and Design of Algorithms
CREDITS	4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks	02 &30 Marks each

Note:

• There will be two sets of assignments for every course and all questions are compulsory in both sets.
• Average of both assignments’ marks scored will be considered as Internal Assessment Marks.
• Answers for 10 marks questions should be approximately of 400-500 words.

Set-I
Q.No	Questions	Marks	Total Marks
1.		What are the properties of an algorithm? Explain branch and bound algorithm with an example.	5	10
	What is the general plan to analyse the efficiency of recursive algorithms?	5
2.	Differentiate between bottom-up and top-down heap construction with example.	10	10
3.		How is Divide and Conquer a better method for sorting?	5	10
	What are the best, worst and average cases in an insertion sort?	5
Set-II
Q.No	Questions	Marks	Total Marks
4.	A.	Explain distribution counting with an example.	5	10
B.	Explain the algorithm to solve the Knapsack problem using the dynamic programming method.	5
5.	Explain the dynamic programming approach to find binomial coefficients	10	10
6.	A.	Describe greedy choice property.	5	10

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)

DFIN301 – SECURITY ANALYSIS AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT

Assignment Set – 1

1. Explain the characteristics of investment. What are the common mistakes made by investors in investment management?

Ans: Characteristics of Investment

While choosing an investment, an investor should know the features to look for. The prominent features are:

Rate of return

When we invest, we defer current consumption in order to accumulate our wealth. Return on investment is the change in the wealth either resulting from an investment, due to cash inflow (annual income in the form of dividends / interest) or caused by a change in the price of the asset (capital appreciation / depreciationIts Half solved only

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2. Discuss the following:

a) Primary market and Secondary market

Ans: In primary market, a borrower offers new securities in exchange for cash from the investor (buyer). Sales of bonds, treasury bills or stocks take place in primary markets. The issuers of these securities – corporates, the government – receive cash from people who buy these

b) Money market and Capital market

Ans: Money market instruments are:

Treasury bills: These are short-term obligations issued by the government. At present, the Government of India (GOI) issues 4 types of T-Bills i.e., 14-day, 91-day, 182-day and 364-day. They are issued for a minimum amount of $25,000 and in multiples of $25,000. T-Bills are issued at a discount

3. The distribution of returns for share P and the market portfolio M is given below:

Probability	Return (%)
P	M
0.3	10%	15%
0.2	20%	25%
0.2	-10%	-5%
0.3	30%	20%

You are required to calculate the expected return and risk of security P and the market portfolio.

Assignment Set – 2

4. Compare the fundamental and technical analysis techniques.

Ans: Differences between fundamental and technical analysis:

1. Charts vs. financial statements:

A technical analyst approaches a security via the charts, while a fundamental analyst studies the financial statements. Technical analysis is the study of price action and trend, while fundamental analysis focuses the company’s performance in the backdrop of industry and economy conditions.

By

5. An Investor has invested 60 % of his money in security A and 40% in security B. calculate the expected return and expected risk of his portfolio if the details of security A and B is given below:

Probability	Return(%)
A	B
0.2	15%	15%
0.3	20%	25%
0.2	-10%	5%
0.3	30%	20%

If correlation coefficient between A and B is a) r = 1, b) r = -1

Answer:

6. Discuss the following:

a) Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM).

Ans: Capital asset pricing means defining an appropriate risk-adjusted rate of return for a given asset. Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is a model that helps in this exercise.

William Sharpe, Treynor and Lintner contributed to the development of this model. An important consequence of t

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)

DFIN302 – MERGERS &amp; ACQUISITIONS

Assignment Set – 1

1. What do you understand by the concept of mergers &amp; acquisitions? How will you justify the reasons and motives behind merger?

Ans: Merger is defined as a combination where two or more than two companies combine into one company. In this process one company survives and others lose their corporate existence.

The survivor acquires assets as well as liabilities of the merged company or companies. In another form of merger, one company purchases another company for cash and integrates the purchased company with Its Half solved only

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2. Define Synergy. Explain different types of synergy.

Ans: Synergy refers to a situation where the combined value of a merger is more than the sum of the values of merging firms. It is the phenomenon where

2 + 2 = 5.

If the value of

3. Discuss in brief Master Limited Partnership. Explain the characteristics and various types of MLPs.

Ans:  Master limited partnerships (MLPs) are limited partnerships dealing with publicly-traded shares. The limited partnership interests are divided into units which are traded as shares of common stock. Units are shares of ownership. The operations of MLPs are generally in natural resources (petroleum and natural gas extraction and transportation), financial services and real estate

Assignment Set – 2

4. Summarize the content which should be included in Public Announcement of Offer.

Ans: The content of the Public Announcement of Offer should include:

1. The number of fully paid-up and partly paid-up shares, paid-up share capital of the target company;

2. The percentage of shares

5. Discuss basis of valuation in detail with suitable example.

Ans: There are several basis of valuation:

1. Asset value: In valuation based on asset value, the business is taken as a going concern. Market value of all the assets is assessed by valuers, including freehold and leasehold land, buildings, plant & equipment, furniture & fixtures, other tangible fixed assets, inventories, book debts and other current assets,

6. Write a short note on the following:

a. Factors affecting success or failure of merger.

Ans: Factors in Post-merger Integration

Some important factors that can decide the success or failure of a merger or acquisition are:

Due diligence: Thorough due diligence involves comprehensive analysis of the financial position, management capabilities, physical assets and intangible assets of the target company. However, it can result in

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)

DFIN303 – TAXATION MANAGEMENT

Set – 1

1. Discuss the various exemptions under section 10 of the Income Tax Act 1961.

Ans: Income Tax Rules, 1962: The Rules take care of the procedural details. Each Rule is linked to a section of the Act, and elaborates the working particulars of the topic. For example, Section 10 (13) states that house rent allowance is tax-free, but “to the extent prescribed”. The extent to which the allowance is tax-free is set down in Rule 2A, which clarifies the three calculations to be done and stipulates that the least of these three amounts can be deducted from the allowance actually received.

Taxability of the Its Half solved only

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2. Explain the concept of double taxation. Also, discuss the provisions made for double taxation relief.

Ans: When a person who is not a resident of a country earns income in that country he is still liable to tax there, but he has to declare this income in the country of his residence as well and pay tax on the income again. This is known by the term ‘double taxation’.

To help taxpayers from being taxed for the same income twice, many countries have DTAA’s between themselves, whereby the tax paid in the alien country can be deducted from the tax payable in the

3. Discuss the process of computation of short-term and long-term capital gains/losses along with the terminologies used in the format.

Ans: Computation of capital gains

Computation of Short-term Capital Gains	Computation of Long-term Capital Gains
From full value of consideration, deduct: 1) Expenditure incurred in connection with the transfer 2) Cost of acquisition 3) Cost of any improvement of asset	From full value of consideration, deduct: 1) Expenditure incurred in connection with the transfer 2) Indexed cost of acquisition of asset 3) Indexed cost of any improvement of asset

Set – 2

4. Write short notes on the following:

a) Banking Transactions Act

Ans: In order to curb the black money circulation in the market, this Act was passed in 2005. If an individual or a HUF withdraws cash from the in excess of ` 50,000 he pays the tax.

For any person other than an individual or HUF, the limit is ` 100,000. This has been withdrawn w.e.f. 1st April, 2009

5. Write Exceptions on GST under the following items:

a) GST exemption on goods

Ans: The Lok Sabha on May 6, 2015 passed the much awaited Constitutional (122nd Amendment) Bill, 2014 on Goods and Services Tax (GST). The GST Bill, however, is yet to be passed in the Rajya Sabha.

Following are the salient features of the GST Constitutional Amendment Bill: Insertion of new Article 246A conferring simultaneous power to the Union and the State legislatures to legislate on GST.

6. Distinguish between tax planning, tax avoidance, and tax evasion

Ans: Differences between Tax Planning, Tax avoidance and Tax Evasion

Tax Evasion

Tax Planning

Tax avoidance

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)

DFIN304 – INTERNAL AUDIT AND CONTROL

Assignment Set – 1

1. Discuss COSO ERM framework along with its various components.

Ans: ERM requires that strategic objectives align with operations, reporting, and compliance objectives. ERM also expands on the Internal Control- Integrated Framework’s risk assessment component by dividing it into four components: objective setting, event identification, risk assessment and risk response.

COSO’s ERM-Its Half solved only

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2. a) Elaborate the steps involved in Statistical sampling process.

Ans:

1. Defining the target population.
2. Specifying the sampling frame.
3. Specifying the sampling unit.
4. Selection of the sampling method.
5. Determination of sample size.
6. Specifying the sampling plan.
7. Selecting the

3. What are the types of Internal Control? Narrate the limitations of internal control system.

Ans: The two basic types of internal controls in EDP environment are General Controls and Application Control.

• General controls relate to all computerized accounting applications processed by an EDP system.
• Application controls relate to specific recording, processing and reporting functions performed by EDP for specific computer applications.
• An

Assignment Set – 2

4. Explain finance and accounts audit procedure.

Ans: Finance, of financing, is the process of raising funds or capital for any kind of expenditure. It is the process of channeling various funds in the form of credit, loans, or invested capital to those economic entities that most need them or can put them to the most productive use.

As a student of Finance, you know that every economic unit maintains books of accounts to record the financial transactions and prepares financial statements based on the accounting records.

5. What is internal control data analytics? Explain the four phased approach to Internal control data analytics.

Ans: Internal control is a process, affected by an entity’s board of directors, management and other personnel, designed to provide reasonable assurance: That information is reliable, accurate and timely. Of compliance

6. What are the qualities and elements of a good Audit report? What are the various points to consider while drafting a report?

Ans: The Internal Auditor’s report contains conclusions and recommendations on the activities audited, to be accepted and acted upon by the management.The management may also use the report to evaluate the performance of the internal auditor. The contents of an internal audit report are influenced by the way the internal auditing function has been envisaged in the organisation, the level of the internal

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)

DMBA302 – LEGAL ASPECTS OF BUSINESS

Assignment Set – 1

1. What is “Competency of Contract”? How “discharge of contracts” occurs?

Ans: A person must be competent to enter into a contract according to the law. According to Section 11 of the Act, a person is competent to enter into a contract if he/she is:

• has attained the age Its Half solved only

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2. Define contract of indemnity. Describe the rights of the indemnifier and the indemnity holder. 

Ans: Sections 124 and 125 deal with contracts of indemnity. Section 124 provides that a contract of indemnity is one in which a party promises to save the other from a loss caused to him/her (the promisee) by the conduct of the promisor himself/herself or by the conduct of any other person. A contract of insurance is an

3. (a) What is a partnership?

Ans: A partnership is defined as “the relationship between persons who have agreed to share profits of a business carried on by all, or by any of them acting for all”. On analysis of the definition, certain essential elements of the partnership emerge. These elements must be present so as to form a

 

 

Assignment Set – 2

 

4. What do you mean by negotiable instruments? What are the various types of negotiable instruments recognised by the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881? 

Ans: Documents that are freely used in commercial transactions and monetary dealings are known as negotiable instruments if they satisfy certain conditions. The term “negotiable instrument” refers to a written document transferable by mere delivery or by indorsement and delivery to enable the transferee to get a title in the instrument. An instrument may possess the characteristics of negotiability either

5. Describe the main features of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019. 

Ans: Key features of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019

 

• New Act has widened the definition of “consumer”, which includes offline and online transactions through electronic means or by teleshopping or direct selling or multi-level marketing.
• District forum is renamed as

6. Explain the rights available to citizens under the RTI Act, 2005. 

Ans: RTI stands for Right to Information. Right to Information Act 2005 mandates timely response to citizen requests for government information. Right to Information empowers every citizen to seek any information from the Government, inspect any Government documents and seek certified photocopies thereof. Right to Information also empowers citizens to official inspect any Government work or to take

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY CODE: DMBA301

Set – 1

1. Write the steps of Research Process in detail?

Ans:

 

 

Step 1: Defining and Formulating Research Problems: It is the first step for a research process. In this step the researcher has to convert a management problem to a research problem.

While formulating Its Half solved only

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2. Give merits and demerits of Questionnaire and Interview method of data collection.

Ans: Merits of Questionnaire Method

1. Economical It is an efficient and economical way of gathering information. It saves time, money, and effort for both the sender and respondents. The researcher has to pay only for postage and paper printing.
2. Wide

3. Illustrate any four Probability Sampling Techniques

Ans: Probability sampling is a sampling technique in which researchers select samples from a larger population using a method created on probability theory. This sampling procedure or technique considers every member of the population and forms samples based on a fixed

 

Set – 2

1. Discuss any four Scaling Techniques of your choice.

Ans: 

 

Nominal Data

• It is the least complicated of the four forms of data.
• Nominal, or categorical data, is divided into categories that cannot be ranked; each type is unique.
• The available

2. Explain the concepts of Validity and Reliability with suitable examples.

Ans: Validity: Validity is one of the most important considerations in any study. Validity is the characteristic of a study that makes it reliable and empirical. The use of empirical scientific methods to make it reasonable and acceptable is known as validity. The validity of research can be improved by using

3. A brand manager is concerned that his brand’s share may be unevenly distributed throughout the country. In a survey in which the country was divided into four geographical regions, a random sampling of 100 consumers in each region was surveyed, with the following results:

 

Calculate the sample chi square (ꭓ 2) value and find at Alfa (α) = 0.05 and test whether brand share is the same across the four regions. Tabular value of Chi Square for Degree of Freedom = 3 and α = 0.05 is 0.352

 

Answer:

1) The null and alternative hypotheses for this test as follows:

H0: All brands share is the same across the four regions.

Ha: Not all brands share is the not same across the four regions.

2) Select the distribution to

 

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)

DHRM304- HR AUDIT

Assignment Set – 1

 

1. Elucidate upon components of HRD audit.

Ans: The HRD audit is divided into three components:

• Organisation and Administration of Human Resource
• Information Management through Documentation
• Computerised HRIS (Human Resource Information System)

 

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2. What are the various approaches to HR audit?

Ans: The various approaches to HR audit include statistical, comparative approach, outside authority, compliance approach and Management By Objectives (MBO) approach. HR audit can be carried out by an internal audit team or an outside agency. Companies reap numerous benefits by conducting HR

 

3. What should you keep in mind while scheduling employee meetings/ events? What should the HR auditor do to ensure best practices in the team building systems?

Ans: Identify the purpose of the meeting

Do you need to make a decision, solve a problem, rally the troops, or inform your team about a new initiative? Clarifying

 

Assignment Set – 2

4. Do you think HR scorecard is an important tool? Why or why not?

Ans:  The HR scorecard is a strategic HR measurement system that helps to measure, manage, and improve the strategic role of the HR department. The HR scorecard is meant to measure leading HR indicators of business performance. Leading indicators are measurements that predict future business grow

5. What are the different types of competencies? Explain with examples.

Ans: Now let us go through certain core competencies for professionals, the behavioural aspects associated to each of them, and elements pertaining to each of them.

1. Communication Skills: This does not necessarily refer to English speaking skills. There are various factors leading to effective

6. List the major findings in the study of the relationship between HR practices an business performance.

Ans: The belief that Human Resource management and development practices have linkages with organisational level outcomes has been the focus of the theoretical and conceptual work undertaken by Peters and Waterman (1982), Porter (1985), and Lawler (1986). Recent empirical work has highlighted the connections between HR practices like selection, performance appraisal, training, job

 

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)

DHRM303– EMPLOYEE RELATIONS MANAGEMENT

Assignment Set – 1

 

1. What is ERM? Explain the New challenges for ERM in the modern workplace.

Ana: ERM is a process that develops and maintains employee relations, ensures employee satisfaction, increases productivity and improves employee morale. ERM enables employees to do their job in an efficient manner and achieve both corporate and personal goals.

New challenges for ERM in the

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2. What do you mean by Employee Engagement? Explain the factors affecting Employee Engagement in detail.

Ans: Employee engagement Mike Johnson describes employee engagement as a combination of commitment and organisational citizenship2. Organisations can be successful only if the employees have a feeling of job security, respect, recognition and purpose. Organisations that have good employee relations value teamwork and employee feedback. Engaged employees are more committed,

 

3. Write short notes on the following:
4. a) Common Disciplinary Procedures

Ans: Common disciplinary procedures Different organisations follow different disciplinary procedures. The disciplinary procedure followed in many organisations usually has the following steps:

1. Issuing a letter of charge: The

 

 

Assignment Set – 2

 

4. What do you mean by employee rewards? Explain the need of employee rewards in detail.

Ans: An employee reward system consists of an organisation’s integrated policies, processes, and practices for rewarding its employees. This is done in accordance with their contribution, skill, competence, and their market worth. It is developed within the framework of the organisation’s reward philosophy, strategies, and policies. It contains arrangements in the form of processes, practices, structures, and procedures. These arrangements will provide and maintain appropriate types and levels

5. Write short notes on the following:
6. a) Employee Wellness Plan

Ans: Employee wellness focuses on human resource management to reduce health problems. These health problems are caused by improper lifestyle choices such as smoking, obesity and lack of exercise.

 

6. What do you mean by Trade Union? Explain the reasons for joining Trade Union.

Ans: Trade Union: They promote and protect employee interests. Trade unions help in making decisions by following the process of collective bargaining and negotiations with the management. Good trade unions improve communication between the management and the employees. They also help in

 

MASTERS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)

DHRM302, MANAGEMENT &amp; ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Assignment Set – 1

 

1. Explain Lewin’s model of Organisational Change.

Ans: Lewin’s model of Organisational Change: Lewin’s Change Model, is a three step model given by the social scientist Kurt Lewin in the year 1951. He viewed behaviour as dynamic balance of forces working in Its Half solved only

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2. Describe the steps in OD process.

Ans: Process of OD Nowadays, one of the most challenging tasks for the organisation is to bring out change by selecting and implementing the appropriate methods. The process of OD is very complex and it takes around a year or more for

 

3. Discuss the factors influencing ethical judgements with the help of examples.

Ans: Factors that Influence Ethical Judgements in a business, while taking ethical decisions and making judgements, the following factors must be taken into consideration:

1. Personal history: While making a judgement, personal history that is his cultural and his experiential

 

Set – 2

4. Explain the types of techno-structural interventions with the help of suitable examples.

Ans: There are various types of techno-structural interventions as follows:

• Structural Design
• Downsizing
• Re-engineering
• Parallel Structures
• High-involvement Organisations (HIO’s)
• Total Quality Management

Structural design You will find that structural design in contracted sense can be defined as the process in which reshaping of the organisation roles and structures are done. You can define it in a broader sense as the alignment of structures, rewards, processes, talent and metrics of an organisation with its business strategy. It

5. Write short notes on the following concepts:
6. a) Emerson’s Power-Dependence Theory

Ans: Emerson’s “Power-Dependence Theory”: This theory was developed by Richard Emerson, a primary architect of social exchange theory and power-dependence theory, (1962) who states the “actor A depend on actor B who is directly proportional to A’s motivational investment by B in the goals mediated as well as inversely proportional to the availability of these goals to A outside of A-B relation

6. Discuss the different types of qualitative evaluation methods available to managers.

Ans: Qualitative evaluation techniques: On the other hand include survey comments, focus group interviews and observations. Such techniques are more time consuming for analysis but provide a rich source of information about contextual data and subtleties. Therefore, a combination of both these evaluation methods remains fruitful in OD intervention evaluation. Organisation surveys are the best

 

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)

DHRM301-MANPOWER PLANNING &amp; SOURCING

Assignment Set – 1

 

1. Discuss the steps in manpower planning process.

Ans:

 

Manpower Planning Steps

The tasks under each planning step are given below:

	Process Step	Tasks
1	Analyzing current manpower resources	·         Assess exact no. of available resources

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2. Explain the Delphi technique of demand forecasting.

Ans: Delphi Technique This method is essentially a group process to achieve a consensus forecast. This method calls for selection of a panel of experts either from within or outside the organization. A series of questionnaire are prepared from the responses received from a prior set of questions in

3. Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of E-recruitment.

Ans: Advantages & Disadvantages

There are many advantages of e-recruitment; both to the employers and to the job hunters, but it also has a few disadvantages too.

Advantages of E-Recruitment

Cost of posting jobs

 

Assignment Set – 2

4. Write short notes on the following concepts:
5. a) Competency Mapping

Ans: Competency Mapping: Competency-based HR is considered the best HR. Competency development and mapping still remains an unexplored process in most organizations. Level 3 of People Capability Maturity Model focused on the competency framework in an organization. The challenge is that

5. Elaborate the selection process in selecting the right candidate.

Ans: Planning and selecting the right candidates for the right job is a difficult process. Selecting the wrong candidate works against the organization as it is extremely time consuming for the HR managers and expensive to the work environment.

But selecting the right candidate, on

6. Describe the causes of employee turnover in an organization.

Ans: Employee turnover may happen on account of the following:

Redundancy

Non-performance

Non-compliance

Redundancy Employees are redundant when they are in excess of the requirements of the employer. Employees are

 

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)

DMKT304 – MARKETING RESEARCH

Assignment Set – 1

1. Determine causal research. Give examples to explain your answer.

Ans:  Causal research: Most people interpret scientific experimentation and research as studies to establish cause and effect relationships. Experiments on causal relationships investigate the effect of one or more variables on one or more outcome variables. This type of research also determines if one variable Its Half solved only

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2. What do you mean by Experimental Designs? Explain the nine types of Experimental designs.

Ans: Experimental Designs: This kind of study is a process that plans natural order events to meet specific objectives. In this method, certain factors are controlled to see the effect on certain other factors. Here

3. Examine the process of designing a questionnaire.

Ans:

 

These are explained as follows:

• Decide the information required: Decide the things which should be collected from the respondents. Thus, a small number of informal interviews should be taken from the respondents which help in making

 

Assignment Set – 2

4. Discuss the concept of data editing.

Ans: Then data editing and coding processes are used. After that data cleaning is used in which different statistical software is used. The last step of the process is preliminary data analysis in qualitative research which you will study in the end. In qualitative marketing research, data analysis is done with the

5. Express in detail about Research Report and its characteristics.

Ans: A research report is an oral presentation or a written document established on a written document that conveys the purpose, scope, objectives, hypotheses, methodology, findings, limitations, and ultimately, recommendations of a research project to others. You will find that a report is a very

 

6. What do you mean by advertising Research? Also explain the need for advertising Research.

Ans: Advertising research assists in measuring the effectiveness of promotion as well as describing the shifts in the marketplace. You must be aware that each consumer product marketing executive generally knows that although companies spend around 10% to 30% of revenue on advertising and

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)

DMKT303 – RETAIL MARKETING

Assignment Set – 1

 

1. Explain the major factors of macro environment which impact the survival of retail business.

Ans: The major factors of macro environment which impact the survival of retail business:-

Demographic Environment Retailers are keenly interested in the size of the population – Gender, income patterns and distribution. Changing nature and volume of population are linked to the demographic factors like – how people are conducting themselves in the new world by increasing per capita income, Its Half solved only

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2. Discuss the various types of store layout with advantages and disadvantages.

Ans: There are several types of store layout. Let us now look at each of them in detail.

 Racetrack form This layout ensures the shoppers start from the point where they enter the stores, flow through the entire store and then get back to where they started from. In lifestyle stores this called forced

3. Define retail merchandising. Explain the steps followed in merchandise management process.

Ans: Retail merchandising refers to the process used to conduct retail sales. As part of the process, the merchandiser pays close attention to the different types of products offered for sale, how to present those products to consumers in a best way, and determine a reasonable retail price for each unit

Assignment Set – 2

4. Differentiate between private label and national brand. Explain the growth drivers of private label.

Ans: National brand is a type of product brand name that is nationally distributed. Such brands are developed and managed by brand managers and are available widely at a variety of retail outlets all over the country. In many cases, these are also widely accepted by people worldwide.

Among Indian national

 

5. Describe the various methods adopted by retailers to enter global market.

Ans: Generally the industry talks of five modes of market entry as practiced by the International Retailers.

Non Controlling Interest

This approach is generally practised by Companies in their initial stages of expansion. When they do not have extensive experience in setting up international operations and when there is a lack of sufficient market intelligence as well as understanding of the foreign market, the international retailer

 

6. Define retail pricing. What are the factors influencing retail prices?

Ans:  The price at which the product is sold to the end customer is called the retail price of the product. Retail price is the summation of the manufacturing cost and all the costs that retailers incur at the time of charging the customer.

Market factors: Different pricing practices may be followed in different markets or cities. In particular, market type, be it a metropolitan city or a small city, may be associated with a particular pricing

 

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)

DMKT302 CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR

Assignment Set – 1

 

1. Explain various consumers buying motives.

Ans: Consumers are defined as individuals or businesses that consume or use goods and services. Customers are the purchasers within the economy that buy goods and services, and they can exist as consumers or alone Its Half solved only

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2. What is the tri-component model of attitude formation?

Ans: Tri-Component Attitude Model According to this model, attitudes consist of three main components:

1. Cognitive component (knowledge, beliefs)
2. Affective component (emotions, feelings)
3. Conative component (behavioural aspect)

Cognitive component Consumers’ beliefs about an attitude-object are the attributes they ascribe to it. These beliefs result from an individual’s cognitions or knowledge and perceptions obtained by experience with the attitude object and allied information. For most attitude objects, consumers have a number of beliefs and that a specific behaviour will result in a specific outcome.

For example,

3. How do consumer lifestyles influence cconsumer buying decisions?

Ans: Lifestyle has a significant positive influence on purchase decision. Marketing stimulation and personal value also has a positive significant impact on the influence of purchase decision and brand selection. The purpose of the study is to examine the influence of life style on consumer decision making process

Lack of consumer involvement – A favourable attitude requires a need or motive before it can be translated into

Assignment Set – 2

 

4. Differentiate between enculturation and acculturation.

Ans:

BASIS FOR COMPARISON	ENCULTURATION	ACCULTURATION

 

5. Write down the consumer decision-making process.

Ans:

 

 

6. Why is Nicosia Model of Consumer Decision-making known as Conflict Model?

Ans: Francesco Nicosia was one of the first to develop consumer behaviour model in the early 1960s and shift focus from the act of purchase itself to the more complex decision process that consumers engage in

 

 

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)

DMKT301 SALES DISTRIBUTION & SUPPLY CHAINMANAGEMENT

Assignment Set – 1

 

1. Define Sales Management? What are its objectives?

Ans: In the words of Rachman and Romano, “Sales Management includes recruiting, selecting, training, supervising, motivating and evaluating the salesforce.”

According to B.R. Canfield, “Sales Management involves the direction and control of salesmen, sales planning, budgeting, Its Half solved only

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2. Write Short notes on
3. Channel Motivation

Ans: It has been proven time and again that increased motivation leads to improved performance. When you prove to the channel how much you value them, you are rewarded in the form of higher productivity, increased sales, and greater end-user satisfaction.

Distributors need constant suppor

3. Wholesalers confront many problems. Justify the statement.

Ans: The wholesale industry has played an important role in the distribution chain for more than a century. However, as many wholesalers struggle to keep their market share, the stakes are getting higher. Several of the

 

Assignment Set – 2

 

4. What is Vertical market system? Explain its components

Ans: A Vertical Marketing System (VMS) is made up of the key distribution channel partners, such as the manufacturer, wholesaler, and retailer, who work together as a single entity to meet the customers’ needs. In the

5. What is demand planning? Explain its types

Ans: Demand Planning is defined “as the practice of creating forecasts that predict the future need for the products. This demand might be external—in the form of customer orders or projections from marketing—

6. Write short notes on the following w.r.t. Supply chain management
7. Push approach

Ans: Push Approach: The real demand decides the inventory to be produced in the push model. As a result, it is focused on the individual customer and employs a marketing strategy.

To begin, when I use the term “supply chain,” I mean the process of transforming raw materials into a product and

SESSION- MAY 2022

PROGRAM- BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (BCOM)

SEMESTER- 2

COURSE CODE &amp; NAME- COMPUTER AWARENESS AND INTERNET (DCM1201)

Set – 1

1. a) Explain the Number System?

Ans: A number system is defined as a system of writing to express numbers. It is the mathematical notation for representing numbers of a given set by using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner. It provides a unique representation of every number and represents the arithmetic and algebraic structure of the figures.

The number system or the numeral system is

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b) Illustrate the decimal to Binary Conversion with suitable example?  

Ans: All number systems have a base that is determined by the total number of digits represented in the system. The binary number system, for example, has a base of two since it only uses two digits to express a number. Similarly, the decimal number system has a base of ten since each number is

2. What are the major peripheral devices in computer system and what are their functionality?

Ans: Peripheral devices are those devices that are linked either internally or externally to a computer. These devices are commonly used to transfer data. The most common processes that are carried out in a computer are entering data and displaying processed data. Several devices can be used to receive data and display processed data. The devices used to perform these functions are called

3. List some advantages and disadvantages of serial file organization?

Ans: Serial access or sequential access means serial or sequential access of data, i.e., right from the starting address to the end address; data is serially picked up from the memory and transmitted one by one. Serial means ‘No Random Access’ which implies that if required data is present in the last address cells of the memory then the data that is present in the target address could only be fetched after all the data located in the initial addresses are read. An example of serial access memory

Set – 2

1. a) Explain the term distributed data processing?

Ans: Distributed Data Processing (DDP) can be described as the organizing of networked computers wherein the data processing capabilities are extended throughout the network. In DDP, particular jobs

b) List some important features of distributed data processing?

Ans: Features of distributed systems

Due to the ability of the distributed systems to perform a variety of tasks, independently, it has numerous features. Some of the features of the DDP system are listed as follows:

1. DDP systems
2.  

2. Differentiate between parallel and serial transmission?

Ans: Parallel Transmission One or more bytes of data are sent over two or more wires. Each wire transmits one digit of binary code. Therefore, sending one byte (8 bits) of data requires 8 wires as shown in Figure . In this type of transmission, it is necessary to detect where each byte of data is separated from the next. Normally, this detection is made on elapsed time base. The interface of a printer with PC is a

3. a) What do you mean by digital signature?

Ans: Digital Signature (DS) follows authentication mechanism. A code is attached with messages in DS. Primarily, the signature is generated by hashing the message and then later this message is encrypted with the sender’s private key. DS is based on public key encryption. A signature confirms that integrity and source of message is correct. NIST (National Institute of Standards

b) List some characteristics of digital signature?

Ans: A digital signature is therefore a key part of the advanced electronic signature and qualified electronic signature, but not of the simple electronic signature. A simple electronic signature would be, for example, a personal identification number (PIN) entered at a cash machine or clicking on “accept” or “do not agree” on a “terms and agreements”

SEMESTER II

BACHELOR of COMMERCE (B COM)

SESSION May 2022

course CODE & NAME PROGRAM- 1202 Marketing Management

Set – 1^ST

1. Write a note on classification of market based on:

       A.Business volume

       B.User

Ans: Business Volume or “BV” means the BV point value assigned to each product of Company. BV for each product detailed in List of Product Trading via Multi-level Sales Method of Company, can be amended and supplemented from time to time after notification to competent state agencie

2. Explain ‘Exchange’ and ‘Modern’ concept of marketing.

Ans: Exchange is an act of obtaining a desired product or service from someone by offering something in return. ‘Marketing’ occurs when people decide to satisfy their needs and wants through exchange. Marketing, thus, involves exchange of a product between a seller and a buyer based on monetary considerations. The exchange concept of marketing holds that exchange is the central idea of marketing Its Half solved only

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3. Describe PEST analysis with suitable example.

Ans: PEST analysis stands for “Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis”. It describes a framework of macro-environmental factors used in the environmental scanning component of strategic management. It is a part of the external analysis when conducting a strategic analysis or doing market research, and gives an overview of the different macro environmental factors that the company has to take into consideration. It is a useful strategic tool for understanding

Set – 2^ND

1. Write short notes on following topics:

1. Brand Equity
2. Promotion

A)  Brand Equity

Ans: The brand must be positioned in a manner that it occupies a particular space in the consumer’s mind forever. This concept is called as “Renting mind space”. The positioning of the brand helps to answer questions such as “What is the brand?” and “What is in it for the consumer?” By providing the

2. (A) Distinguish between goods & services with suitable examples.

Ans:

BASIS FOR COMPARISON	GOODS	SERVICES

 (B)  What is the basic classification of goods?

Ans: 1) Consumer goods Market: They are also called as B2C (Business-to- Consumers) markets and here, products are purchased for consumption by end users or ultimate consumers. Alternatively called final goods, consumer goods are the end result of production and manufacturing and are what a consumer will see on the store shelf. We can further classify consumer

3. “Green marketing is gaining importance.” Do you agree? Give reasons.

Ans: Here, term ‘green’ is indicative of purity. Green means pure in quality and fair or just in dealing. For example, green advertising means advertising without adverse impact on society. Green message means matured and neutral facts, free from exaggeration or ambiguity. Green marketing is highly

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (B.COM)

DCM1203_FUNDAMENTALS OF ACCOUNTING II

Assignment Set – 1

1. a) Explain del credere commission in consignment?

Ans: This commission is given to the consignee to cover the risk of loss due to bad debts. If the del credere commission is provided, then the consignee is responsible for all losses that might arise on accounts of bad debts. In other words, loss due to bad debts resulting from the credit sales is transferred Its Half solved only

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b) Arvind from Bandra sent 100 Bicycles costing ₹ 30,000 to Kavita from Thane on a consignment basis by spending ₹ 3,000 towards freight. Kavita spent ₹ 400 on cartage, ₹ 750 on godown’s rent and sold 80 bicycles. Calculate the value of unsold stock on consignment.

Ans:

2. Explain the differences between Departments and Branches.

Ans: A branch and a department may look similar because both are a division of the organisation, but the two entities are not same. A branch of an organisation may have many departments, but a department do not have any branches. We shall now look at the different basis of distinction, enlisted in the Fig. 1 which highlights the differences between the branch and the

3. Write the journal entries which are passed in the books of Landlord and Lessee in connection with Royalties.

Ans: Zen is the owner of Mine A, located in Gujarat. He enters a royalty agreement with Kapoor Ltd. As per the agreement, the minimum rent is Rs 5, 00,000 and the Royalty amount is Rs 100 per ton of production every month. The output in various years is as follows:

• 2017: 4000 tons

•

Assignment Set – 2

4. a. Describe the rights of a retired partner.

Ans: A retired partner continues to be liable to the third party for acts of the firm till such time that he or other members of the firm give a public notice of his retirement. However, if the third party deals with the firm without knowing that he was a partner in the firm, then he will not be liable to the

b. Explain the essential characteristics of a Partnership firm.

Ans: 1. Contract for Partnership

Partnership is the result of a contract. It does not arise from status, operation of law or inheritance. Thus, at the time

5. Rajesh and Ramesh are partners sharing profits in the ratio 3:2. Raman is admitted as a new partner and the new profit-sharing ratio is decided as 5:3:2. The following revaluations are made. Pass journal entries and prepare revaluation account.

(a) The value of building is increased by ₹ 15,000.

(b) The value of the machinery is decreased by ₹ 4,000.

(c) Provision for doubtful debt is made for ₹ 1,000.

Ans: Solution

6. How is a partnership firm converted into a company? Write the journal entries in the books of a partnership firm at the time sale of a firm to a company.

Ans:

• There should be a minimum of

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (B.COM)

BUSINESS LAW (DCM1204)

Set – 1

1. Explain the essentials of valid contracts as per Indian Contract Act 1872.

Ans:

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2. Distinguish between “General Offer” and “Specific Offer”.

Ans:

General Offer	Specific Offer
1. General Offer is an offer to the public at large	1. Specific offer is an offer to specific individual

3. Briefly discuss the capacity of persons of unsound mind as per Indian Contract Act.

Ans: Section 12 of the Act defines a person of unsound mind as follows:  

A person is said to be of sound mind for the purpose of making a contract if at the time when he makes it, he is capable of understanding it, and of forming a rational judgment as to its effect upon his interests. An idiot, lunatic

Set – 2

1. Explain the consumer grievance redressal machinery under consumer protection act 2019.

Ans: This Act aims to safeguard the interests of consumers and provides for the settlement of consumer disputes through Consumer Commissions. The old law relating to consumer rights, i.e. the Consumer Protection Act, 1986, was found to be obsolete, which is why the new Act of 2019 came to be enacted.

The Consumer Protection Act is a comprehensive and detailed law that contains numerous provisions aimed

2. Discuss the implied conditions in a contract of sale under sale of goods act 1930.

Ans: This Act governs the contracts relating to Sale of Goods. It deals with the contracts for sale of movable property like vehicles, furniture etc. The Act has prescribed rules and provisions pertaining to modes of transferring movable goods. It contains provisions stipulating the rights and duties

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (B.COM.)

DCM1205 FUNDAMENTALS OF ENTERPRENEURSHIP &amp; INNOVATION

Set – 1

1. Critically analyze the ‘Risk Bearing Theory’ propounded by Frank H. Knight.

Ans: Frank H. Knight (1957) regarded profit as the gift for taking non-insurable risks and uncertainties in his book titled ‘Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit.’ Entrepreneurship and riskbearing go hand in hand. Now let us have a look at the concept of risks. Some risks can be measured and can be Its Half solved only

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2. Evaluate the role of Entrepreneurial Development Programs in India in helping an individual to become a successful entrepreneur.

Ans: The four roles are being played by the EDP. These roles help an individual in becoming a successful entrepreneur. Let us discuss the role of EDP:

• Stimulatory role: This role focuses on influencing people to become an entrepreneur. This includes:

3. “Innovation is the hallmark of entrepreneurship”. Appraise the reasons for referring “innovation” as the basic function of an entrepreneur.

Ans: Innovation leads to creation, as a result of which new and improved products are

launched into the market. This brings about a surge in employability as new job avenues open up. With an increase in job

Set – 2

1. “Entrepreneur is generator of employment opportunities in a country.” Discuss.

Ans: An entrepreneur creates lot of employment opportunities for different sections of society. By generating opportunities, the entrepreneur adds to the economic growth. Setting up a new venture leads to creation of new opportunism for labour, supplier of inputs, supplier of industrial equipments, marketing

2. Discuss the legal requirements that are essential for an entrepreneur to focus upon while promoting an enterprise.

Ans: From forming a founders’ agreement to protecting intellectual property, entrepreneurs must be aware and

3. “The barriers are not the same for all individuals in the society.” Justify the statement illustrating the entrepreneurial journey of any first-generation entrepreneur of India.

Ans: 1. Financing

Getting funds for your business is one of the main issues that all businesses face and have to tackle to survive. While you might have saved initial money to start a business, it won’t help you survive for long. Steady cash flow is crucial for businesses to endure, and you always need to have extra funds to

B.COM

DCM61206 – ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT IN INDIA

Set – 1

1. How does Human resources affect development of a nation? “Without development, economic growth is possible”. Comment on the given statement.

Ans: Without development, economic growth is possible. Sometimes, GDP increases but there are least improvements in living standards, implying economic development cannot be seen. The reasons are as follows:

• Sometimes, the benefits of Its Half solved only

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2. Discuss the classification of Technology. How does a Human factor affect development of a country?

Ans: With skilled human resources, a country increases the production of different goods and services. Human resources bring new technology, which is necessary factor in bringing development to the country. It also helps in the development of transportation, communication, the supply of labour, etc. Following

3. Write a short note on LPG? What changes did Liberalization bring in the Country?

Ans: Liberalisation Privatisation Globalisation (LPG) model of development was introduced in 1991 with the objective of making the Indian economy as the fastest developing economy. The reforms of LPG model were referred to as ‘structural adjustments’. Post LPG model, the growth of Indian economy went up as 8% per annum.

Normally, the gas is stored

Set – 2

1. “There is a direct and indirect relationship between poverty and unemployment”. Comment. Also discuss the steps taken by government to control unemployment.

Ans: Yes there do exist a direct and positive relationship between unemployment and poverty. Unemployment leads to poverty and poverty in turn leads to unemployment.

An unemployed person has no means to earn money and cannot fulfill his own and his familys basic needs. He and his family

2. Agriculture helps in economic development, industrial development and supply of foreign currency. Explain.

Ans: Role of technology in Health Advances: Technology has made advancements in healthcare facilities, such as artificial intelligence, robotics, or nanotechnology. Advanced technologies can help in early detection of health problems and thus decrease the mortality rate. The fast information

3. Discuss the role of Private sector in Indian agriculture and Employment Generation.

Ans: 1. Industrial Development:

During the pre-independence period, the private sector has played a responsible role in Indian economy where it set up and expanded cotton and jute textiles, sugar, paper, edible oil, tea etc. After independence, the national government gave sufficient stress on industrialization.

2. Agriculture:

In India agriculture and other allied activities like animal husbandry, dairying, poultry etc. are playing a dominant role as it contributes nearly 30 per cent of GDP and it provided employment to nearly 67 per cent of the total

DBB 1201– BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)

Q.No Assignment Set – 1

1.   Discuss the importance of effective business communication at workplace. What is the role of the formal and informal channels of communication in building up a good communication network.

Ans: Importance of effective business communication:- Effective communication occurs when a message is sent and received accurately. Just because you believe you are communicating ideas and information properly in your organization, does not necessarily mean it is effective

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2.   Premature evaluations and hurried conclusion distort listening. Discuss in detail and write the solution for the same.

Ans: Sometimes the receiver of information tries to dig out meaning without much thinking at the time of receiving or even before receiving information, which can be wrong. This type of evaluation is a hindrance in the exchange of information and the enthusiasm of the sender gets

Premature Evaluation:

Rogers and

3.   How does general writing differ from business writing, in terms of language, style and tone

Having dealt with writing in general, we will now discuss the specifics of business writing. As pointed out earlier, the language, style and tone of business writing is very different from general writing. Therefore, we will examine these aspects in detail.

Tone

We discussed tone of voice

•  

Assignment Set – 2

4.   Illustrate the five steps of SQ3R techniques of reading.

Ans: SQ3R technique of reading was developed by Robinson in his book “Effective Study” (1970). SQ3R stands for the initial letters of the five steps shown in

5.   Explain the principles of writing a business letter. Write a note on types of business letter.

Ans: The principles that govern writing business letters are:

Consideration and courtesy – It is very important to retain the goodwill of customers and other external public. A discourteous, rude letter can make you lose business. Therefore, the business letter should be extremely polite at

6.   Highlight the specific objectives of corporate advertising. Explain the different types of corporate advertising.

Ans: To create positive attitude towards the organisation – Sometimes, consumers may have negative perceptions towards an organisation, based on the belief that the organisation is not a responsible corporate citizen. For example, public may believe that the organisation is responsible for environmental

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)

DBB1202 – FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING

Assignment Set – 1

1. Explain different types of accounting concepts in detail.

Ans: Accounting is an ancient art. In India, it existed in the times of Chandra Gupta Maurya. Chanakya (Kautilya) speaks of accounting and auditing in his famous work ARTHASHASTHRA.

Types of accounting:-

Business Entity Concept: Business Entity Concept refers to the concept where it is considered that the owners of the business are separate from the business. All the books of accounts are maintained Its Half solved only

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1.  

2. From the following details, pass the necessary closing entries.

Stockon1-1-2003 Purchases Bad debts Sales Returns to suppliers Returns from customers Wages and salaries Carriage on purchases Cartage on sales Depreciation on Machinery

4,000 15,000 500 30,000 2,000 1,000 5,000 1,000 200 1,000

Freight Factory rent Office rent General expenses Heating and lighting Discount allowed  Discount received Commission(Cr.) Insurance Closing stock

800 1,000 2,400 500 700 300 400 500 200 6,000

Answer:

Note: We will assume that the given account is a profit and loss account. The expenses that are already recorded in the trading account aren’t required to be recorded in the profit and loss account. So no closing entries are required for those expenses.

The following are the closing

3. Define Bank Reconciliation Statement. Discuss various reasons for difference in balance of cash book and passbook.

Ans: Business concern maintains the cash book for recording cash and bank transactions. All the bank transactions will be recorded in the bank column of cash book and cash transactions will be in the cash column. In Cash book all deposits/receipts will be recorded on the debit side of cash book and all withdrawals/payments will be recorded on the credit side. The format of three columnar cash book is

Assignment Set – 2

4. Describe in detail different types of shares.

Ans: 1. Preference Shares: Preference shares are those shares on which there is a preferential right as

(a) Payment of periodic dividends

(b) distribution of assets

5. Define debentures and summarize the classification of debentures.

Ans: A Debenture is a unit of loan amount. When a company intends to raise the loan amount from the public it issues debentures. A person holding debenture or debentures is called a debenture holder. A debenture is a document issued under the seal of the company. It is an acknowledgment of

6. Discuss different methods used for calculation of depreciation in detail.

Ans: Straight line method: It is considered to be the most commonly used method of depreciation. Straight line method of depreciation is also known as fixed instalment or Original cost method. A fixed or equal amount as a percentage on the original cost of the asset is charged as depreciation in this method. To

SESSION	FEB/MARCH 2022
PROGRAM	BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)
SEMESTER	II
COURSE CODE & NAME	DBB1203 – HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
CREDITS	4
NUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & MARKS	02 30 Marks each

Set – I

Q1. Discuss the concept of Human Resource Management. Detailed its objectives and Scope.

Answer:

Human Resource Management: Management Human Resource Management (HRM) is a process of bringing people and organisations together so that the goals of each are met. It is the art of procuring, developing, and maintaining competent workforce to achieve the goals of the organisation.

According  to  National  Its Half solved only

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Q2. Write a detailed note on the concept of Human Resource Planning along with importance of the concept.

Answer:

Concept of Human Resource Planning

Human resource planning is a forward looking function. It tries to assess human resource requirements in advance keeping market fluctuations, demand   forecasts   and   availability   of   right   candidates,   etc.,   in   the background. According to Terry, Human Resource Planning (HRP) is a set of

Q3. Discuss the concept of Recruitment in detail. Also, to explain the process of Recruitment, include suitable examples to support your answer.

Ans:

Concept of Recruitment: Recruitment is a linking function. It is a joining process in which it tries to bring together job seekers and employers. The basic purpose of recruitment is to finding the best talent in the job market and absorbing them in the company.

To have good

Set – II

Q4. Explain the term Training? Discuss the various methods for on the job Training. 

Ans:

Training: Training helps people in choosing, utilising and evaluating their experiences. Different people have defined training in different ways. According to H. John Bernardin, “Training is any attempt to improve employee performance on a currently held job or one related to it.” In other words, we can say that training focuses on current jobs and it is concerned with specific

Q5. Discuss the concepts of Performance Appraisal while having light on the process of Performance Appraisal.      

Ans:

Concept of Performance Appraisal:

Performance appraisal is the process of obtaining, analysing and recording information about the relative worth of an employee. The focus of the performance appraisal is measuring and improving the actual performance and also the future potential of the employee. Its aim is to measure what an employee

Q6. List out the major difference between Domestic and International Human Resource Management while having light on the importance of International Human Resource Management.

Ans:

Difference  between  Domestic  and  International  Human

The major differences between domestic and international HRM are:

• More HR activities: The scope of International Human Resource Management is broader than domestic HR. There are number of activities where domestic HR may not be engaged in such as international  taxation,  international  relocation,  host  government relation, language

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)

DBB1204 – QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Assignment Set – 1

1. Discuss various dimensions of Quality with suitable examples.  

Ans: Research work has suggested that customers are heavily influenced by different dimensions in determining quality level of a product or services. In fact, quality symbolises many aspects of what a customer perceives and wants. The definition of quality often becomes a debatable issue. The most fundamental definition Its Half solved only

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2. List the different ways of enhancing the top management’s commitment towards quality.

Ans: Key Elements of Total Quality:-

The total quality has two components: what and the how total quality. What distinguish total quality from other approaches to doing business is the how component of the definition. This component has eleven critical elements

3. Explain the various criteria for the organisations to select appropriate suppliers.

Ans: Criteria for selecting a supplier

Suppliers play a critical role in helping companies succeed. In order to find the right ones, businesses need to consider a number of critical factors, including:

• Price

Assignment Set – 2

4. Discuss the Quality Management Principles in detail.

Ans: The following section provides a concise description of the seven quality management principles.

1. Customer focused organisation The ISO 9001:2008 standard lays great importance upon understanding the

5. Discuss the process of benchmarking and quote a suitable example of a company’s benchmarking process.

Ans: No particular model has been devised so far that could be implemented universally. The process of benchmarking could vary from organisation to organisation depending on their needs and culture. Let us discuss the general process of benchmarking.

Let us discuss the general

6. “Employee motivation leads to involvement”. Justify this statement with a suitable example.

Ans: Employee involvement refers to any activity by which employees participate in work-related decisions and improvement activities with the objectives of tapping the creative energies of all employees and improving their motivation.

 

It means that every

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)

DBB1205 – RETAIL MANAGEMENT

Assignment Set – 1

1. Define retail strategy. Discuss the various strategies adopted by retailers to grow their business.

Ans: Retail strategy is about corporate survival and prosperity in a changing retail environment. It is about environmental analysis, identification of factors that are critical to success, recognition and building of corporate competences, developing, maintaining and communicating the strategic direction to the staff, Its Half solved only

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2. The classification of retail stores can be summarized in store and non-store formats. List and explain sub-categories of both store and non-store format.

Ans: 1. Store retail format

The following are the types of retail stores under store retail format:

1. Convenience store: It is

3. Do you think that the selection of retail store site can be systematic based on certain parameters and steps to be followed? Justify the context with description.

Ans: On the other hand, it may be a systematic process, which would be based on certain parameters and steps to be followed. After identifying the region, the following steps have to be followed:

1.

Assignment Set – 2

4. Define retail pricing. What are the factors influencing retail prices? Elaborate various pricing strategies available with the retailers.

Ans: Pricing is the process of determining what an organisation will receive in exchange for its products and services. Pricing of a product of service depends on factors like manufacturing cost, market place, competition, market

5. What are the two most common methods used to analyze the merchandise performance? Explain in detail.

Ans: Whatever source is chosen, retailer must decide a procedure to analyse the merchandise performance with regard to addition or deletion of SKUs, vendors and departments as an on-going process. These decisions

6. Discuss the various types of store layout with examples.

Ans: Store layout refers to the interior retail store arrangement of departments or groupings of merchandise. It is important for the retailers to evolve a customer friendly layout. This involves paying adequate attention to factors such as:

• Expected movement of customers visiting the store.
• Space allotted to

PROGRAM BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)

SEMESTER III

COURSE CODE &amp; DBB2103 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Assignment Set – 1

1. What are the different types of research techniques that can be conducted by a researcher? Discuss with the help of a suitable example.

Ans: Though every research conducted is unique, it is possible to categorize the research approach that you may decide to take. Figure summarizes the types of research.

Sometimes, research may be done for a purely academic reason of a need to know. For example, studies on employee dissatisfaction and attrition led to the study of impact of fixed working hours on family life and responsibilities.

Exploratory research  

As the name suggests, exploratory research is used to gain a deeper understanding of the issue or problem that is troubling the decision maker. The idea is to provide direction to subsequent and more structured and rigorous research. The following are some Its Half solved only

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2. What are the steps involved in writing the research proposal? Discuss with the help of suitable example. Explain different kinds of research proposals that can be formulated.

Ans: A research proposal is a formal document that presents the research objectives, design of achieving these objectives and the expected outcomes/deliverables of the study. This step is essential both for academic and corporate research, as it clearly establishes the research process to be followed to address the research questions.

Contents of a research proposal

There is a broad framework that most proposals

3. How would you define research designs? What are the three principles to be taken care of when selecting a research design? Discuss Exploratory and Descriptive design with example.

Ans: Research design as ‘the specification of methods and procedures for acquiring the information needed. It is the overall operational pattern or framework of the project that stipulates what information is to be collected from which sources by what procedures. If it is a good design, it will ensure that the information obtained is relevant to the research questions and that it was collected by objective and economical procedures.’

 Thus, the formulated design must ensure three basic principles:

Assignment Set – 2

4. Distinguish between secondary and primary methods of data collection. How can secondary data be classified? Elaborate on each type with the help of suitable examples.

Ans:

Primary Data	Secondary Data
Definition
Primary data are those that are collected for the first time.	Secondary data refer to those data that have already been collected by some other person.
Originality
These are original because these are collected by the investigator for the first time.	These are not original because someone else has collected these for his own purpose.
Nature of Data
These are in the form of raw materials.	These are in the finished form.

5. What are the steps involved in the questionnaire design? Explain in detail the questionnaire design process.

Ans: Even though the questionnaire method is most used by researchers, designing a well-structured instrument needs considerable skill. Presented below is a standardized process that a researcher can follow.

Questionnaire Design Process

A questionnaire is a list of questions or items used to gather data from

6. What are the guidelines for effective report writing? Illustrate with the help suitable examples.

Ans: Listed below are some features of a good research study that should be kept in mind while documenting and preparing the report.

Clear report mandate: While writing the research problem statement and study background, the writer needs to be absolutely clear in terms of why and how the problem was formulated.

Clearly designed methodology: Any research study has its unique orientation and scope and thus has a specific and customized research design

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)

DBB2105 – ADVERTISING AND SALES

Assignment Set – 1

1. Discuss the concept of Advertising along with its five basic components. Throw some light on the history of the Advertising.

Ans: Advertising is a form of communication used to persuade an audience (viewers, readers or listeners) to take some action with respect to products, ideas or services. Most commonly, the desired result is to drive consumer behavior with respect to a commercial offering, although political and ideological advertising is also common. Advertising messages are usually paid for by sponsors and viewed via Its Half solved only

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2. Write a detailed note on Hierarchy-of-Effects Model of advertising in detail.

Ans: Hierarchy-of-Effects Model

Among advertising theories, the hierarchy-of-effects model is predominant. It helps clarify the objectives of an advertising campaign as well as the objective of a particular advertisement. It also aids the marketing

3. Discuss the Print Advertising. Also, to explain the Characteristics of the Press, include suitable examples to support your answer.

Ans: Print advertising includes printed advertisement in newspaper, magazines, brochures and on other printed surfaces, such as posters and outdoor boards. Readers find that reading publication is more flexible than watching or listening to broadcast because they can stop and re-read, read sections out of

Assignment Set – 2

4. Explain Sales Management Strategies in detail, include the suitable examples to support your answer.

Ans: A sales strategy consists of a plan that positions a company’s brand or product to gain a competitive advantage. Successful strategies help the sales force to focus on target market customers and communicate with them in relevant, meaningful ways. Sales representatives need to know how their products or services can fill customer needs and expectations. A successful sales strategy conveys this so that

5. Discuss the concept of Personal Selling. Detail the objectives of Personal Selling.

Ans: Personal selling can be defined as an oral communication with the potential buyers of a product with the intention of making a sale. It may focus initially on developing a relationship with a prospect, but ultimately ends with an attempt to

6. Write a detailed note on types of Sales Organization Structures, include suitable examples to support your answer.

Ans: If sound practices are followed in setting up the sales department, the resulting structure takes on features of one or more of four basic types: line, line & staff, functional and committee. The grouping of activities into positions and the charting of relationships of positions causes the organization to take on

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)

DBB2104 – FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

1. Explain the functions of a financial manager in any organization.  

Ans: A finance manager is a person who is responsible for carrying out the functions of a finance department. Let us discuss the main functions of finance Its Half solved only

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2. Calculate the present value of the following cash flows assuming a discount rate of 10% per annum.

Year Cash flows	[₹]
1	10000
2	20000
3	30000
4	40000
5	50000

Answer:

Here we will use the following formula:

PV = FV / (1 + r%)ⁿ

where, FV = Future value, PV = Present value, r = rate of interest = 10%, n= time period

For calculating the present value the given cash flows, we will calculate the present values of all the years and add them

3. Explain the significance of the concept of cost of capital. Discuss different component of cost of capital with example.

Ans: 1. Investment Decisions: When a firm has to evaluate an investment opportunity it uses the cost of capital for discount the cash flows expected from the project over its life time. Even if it uses IRR (Internal rate of return) criteria for the project selection, the IRR is compared with the overall cost of capital to take the decision. If IRR is greater than the cost of capital, then project should be accepted

Assignment Set – 2

4. What do you understand by sources of finance? Discuss the short term and long-term sources of finance for the firm.

Ans: A source or sources of finance, refer to where a business gets money from to fund their business activities. A business can

5. The details regarding three companies are given below:

X Ltd	Y Ltd	Z Ltd.
r = 12%	r = 8%	r = 10%
Ke = 10 %	Ke = 10 %	Ke = 10 %
E = Rs. 100	E = Rs. 100	E = Rs. 100

Compute the value of an equity share of each of these companies applying Walter’s formula when the dividend pay-out ratio is (a) 0%, (b) 20%, (c) 40%, d) 60%

Answer:

According to Waltor’s Model

where.
 Dividend per share
 Rate of return
 Captalization rato

6. What is Working capital management? Discuss various factors that affect working capital requirement?

Ans: WC typically means the firm’s holding of current or short-term assets such as cash, receivables, inventory and marketable securities. These items are also referred to as circulating capital. Corporate

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)

DBB2102 – QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR MANAGEMENT

Assignment Set – 1

1. Discuss the various uses of statistics in different functions of any Business.

Ans: The term statistics is used to mean either statistical data or statistical method. Statistical data refers to the quantitative aspects of things, and is a numerical description. Thus, the distribution of family Its Half solved only

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2. Write advantages and disadvantages of Mean, Median and Mode.

Ans: Merits and Demerits of median

a) Merits

The merits of median are as follows:

1) It is easily calculated and exactly located.

2) It can be

3. Calculate the Standard deviation for the following data: 18, 15, 16, 17, 16, 25 and 19. The answer should be correct up to 2 decimal places.

Ans:

Mean=(18+15+16+17+16+25+19)/7=18

Standard

Assignment Set – 2

4. Discuss the uses of Correlation.

Ans: Uses of Correlation:-

1. The coefficient of correlation is a measure of the degree of association between two variables. For comparing two series of observations, it is sometimes necessary to determine whether they are associated or

5. Summarize various components of a Time Series.

Ans: We now know that time series refer to a group statistical information accumulated at regular intervals. There are four kinds of change or variation involved in time series analysis:

1. Secular

6. Explain any four methods of Sampling of your choice.

Ans: Simple random sampling

Simple random sampling (or random sampling) is the most important among the various probability sampling methods, as all statistical generalizations are based on this method. It holds so enviable a place in

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)

DBB2101 –LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

Assignment Set – 1

1. What is a contract? Explain in detail the essentials of a valid contract.

Ans: According to the ICA, “an agreement enforceable by law is a contract.” A contract, thus, is an agreement between two parties to do something or abstain from doing something for each other subject to certain terms and conditions. The conditions laid down in the contract are binding and enforceable Its Half solved only

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2. Who is an unpaid seller? Enumerate in detail the rights available to an unpaid seller.

Ans: The Sale of Goods Act, 1930 (hereinafter referred to as the “Act”) defines an unpaid seller as a seller that has not been paid the full price of the goods that have been sold or that has received a bill of exchange or other negotiable instrument as conditional payment, and the condition on which it was

3. What is meant by crossing of cheque? Explain the types of crossing.

Ans: A cross cheque is one on which two parallel transverse lines with or without the words ‘&Co.’ are drawn. The payment of such a cheque can be obtained only through a banker. Thus, crossing is a direction

Assignment Set – 2

4. What is meant by Anti- competitive agreements? Explain its kinds.

Ans:  The Act was further amended in 2009 and the provisions relating to anti- competitive agreements and abuse of dominant position were notified on May 20, 2009. On 28^th August, 2009, The Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India issued a notification whereby by the MRTP Act stood repealed and was fully replaced by the Competition Act, 2002 with effect from September 1, 2009

5. Write short notes on the following:

a) Payment of wages Act, 1936

Ans: The Payment of Wages Act 1936 was passed to regulate the payment of wages to certain classes of people employed in industry and also to ensure that the workers receive wages at regular intervals. It is applicable to those workers whose wage does not exceed Rs. 6,500 per

6. Define consumer. Explain the consumer redressal agencies in detail.

Ans: 1. Consumer – “Consumer” means any person who,

• buys any goods for a consideration which has been paid or promised or partly paid and partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment and includes any user of such goods other than the person

DCA1201 – OPERATING SYSTEM

Assignment Set – 1

1. a. Discuss the types of Operating System.

Ans: Types of Operating System:-

Personal Computer Operating Systems

The main mode of use of a PC (as its name implies) is by a single user. Thus Os for PCs were designed as a single user single task operating system, that is, it is assumed that only one user uses the machine and runs only one program at a time. The operating system of PCs consists of two parts. One part is called the BIOS (

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b. What is VMware? Write a short note on it.

Ans: VMware is a virtualization and cloud computing software provider based in Palo Alto, Calif. Founded in 1998, VMware is a subsidiary of Dell Technologies. EMC Corporation originally

2. What is Preemptive and Non-preemptive Scheduling? Discuss the CPU scheduling algorithms.

Ans: Scheduling can either be preemptive or non-preemptive. If preemptive, then an executing process can be stopped and returned to ready state to make the CPU available for another ready process.

3. Discuss Inter Process Communication and critical-section problem along with the use of semaphores.

Ans: Communication of co-operating processes’ shared-memory environment requires that these processes share a common buffer pool, and that the code for implementing the buffer be explicitly written by the application

Assignment Set – 2

Questions

4. a. What is a Process Control Block? What information is stored in it?

Ans: Every process has a number and a process control block (PCB) represents a process in an operating system. The PCB serves as a repository of information about a process and varies from process to process. The PCB contains information that makes the process an active entity. A PCB is shown in Figure. It contains

b. What is thrashing? What are its causes?

Ans: When a process does not have enough frames or when a process is executing with a minimum set of

5. a. Discuss the different File Access Methods.

Ans: Information is stored in files. Files reside on secondary storage. When this information is to be used, it has to be accessed and brought into primary main memory. Information in files could be accessed in

b. What are I/O Control Strategies?

Ans:- Several I/O strategies are used between the computer system and I/O devices, depending on the

6. Explain the different Multiprocessor Interconnections and types of Multiprocessor Operating Systems.

Ans: The nature of multiprocessor interconnections has an effect on the bandwidth for communication. Complexity, cost, IPC and scalability are some features considered in interconnections. Basic architectures

DCA1202 – DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHM

Assignment Set – 1

1. a. What is a linked list? Discuss the algorithms for the insertion and deletion of values in the beginning of a linked list.

Ans: A linked list is a data structure where the objects are arranged in a linear order. Unlike an array, however, in which the linear order is determined by the array indices, the order in a linked list is determined by a pointer in Its Half solved only

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b. Define queues and its enqueue and dequeue operations.

Ans: Queues A queue is a useful data structure in programming. It is similar to the ticket queue outside a cinema hall, where the first person entering the queue is the first person who gets the ticket. There are four different types of

2. a. What are Binary trees? How many types of Binary trees are there, discuss?

Ans: A binary tree is a special case of tree where no node of a tree can have a degree of more than two. Therefore, a binary tree is a set of zero or more nodes T such that:

i) there is a specially designated

3. Explain Breadth-first search and Depth-first search algorithms in graphs.

Ans: Breadth-first search: This algorithm uses a queue data structure to perform the search. The effect of this is to process all nodes adjacent to the start node before we process the nodes adjacent to those

Assignment Set – 2

4. a. Explain the algorithms of Sequential Searching and Binary Searching.

Ans: Sequential Searching: The simplest type of searching process is the sequential search or linear search. In the sequential search, each element of the array is compared to the key, in the order it appears in the array, until the first element matching the key is found. If you are looking for an element that is near the front of the array, the sequential search will find it quickly. The more data that

b. What are the characteristics and Building Blocks of an Algorithm?

Ans: Characteristics of an Algorithm

Finiteness

An algorithm must terminate after a finite number of steps and further each step must be executable in finite amount of time. In order to establish a sequence of steps as an algorithm, it should be

5. a. How is the Efficiency of an Algorithm measured?

Ans: If a problem is algorithmically solvable then it may have more than one algorithmic solution. Mainly, the two computer resources taken into consideration for efficiency measures are time and space requirements for executing the program corresponding to the solution/algorithm. We will restrict to only

b. What is Divide and conquer strategy?

Ans: Given a function to compute on n inputs, the divide-and-conquer strategy suggests splitting the inputs into K distinct subsets, 1<K<n, yielding K subproblems. These subproblems must be solved and then a method must be found to combine subsolutions into a solution as a whole. If the subproblems

6. Discuss the Greedy knapsack Algorithm, with a suitable

Ans: The Greedy algorithm could be understood very well with a well-known problem referred to as Knapsack problem. Although the same problem could be solved by employing other algorithmic approaches, Greedy approach solves Fractional Knapsack problem reasonably in a good

DCA1203 – OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING – C++

SET-I

1. A. Explain the concept of the abstract class.

Ans: An abstract class is the class which acts as a base class and can be inherited by other classes. It is not used to create objects. It provides a base upon which other classes can be built. In programming the concept of abstract class is of great importance and used deliberately in a program for creating derived

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B. Define inline function. Explain it using an example. 

Ans: The main use of inline function is that it reduces the size of the code and improves in the speed of program execution. You should define inline function before the main () function. Inline functions are same like normal functions except that the function declaration begins with the

2. Discuss the role of access specifiers in inheritance and show their visibility when they are inherited as public, private, and protected.

Ans: A derived class can be defined as follows:

class derived_classname: access specifier baseclassname

{

Members of

3. A. Discuss Class to basic type conversion with the help of an example. 

Ans: The overloaded casting operator in C++ allows us to convert class type data to basic types. The overloaded casting operator has the general form:

operator

B. Illustrate, with the help of an example, the procedure to overload a unary operator.

Ans: //increment.cpp

# include <iostream.h>

class counter

SET-II

4. Explain with the help of an example how to read and write the character to a text file.

Ans: The getc and putc I/O functions

We use the getc() and putc() I/O functions to read a character from a file and write a character to a file

5. What is a Template? What is the need of Template? Declare a Template class.

Ans: A template can be considered a kind of macro. When we define an object of a specific type for actual use, the definition of template for that class is substituted with the required data type.

6. A. What is a file mode? Describe the various file mode options available.

Ans: A file can be opened in one of four modes. The mode determines where the file is positioned when opened, and what functions are allowed. After you close a file, you can reopen the file in a different mode, depending on what you are doing. For example, you can create a file in create

B. Differentiate between termination and resumption in Exception Handling.

Ans:

• There are two basic models in exception-handling theory. In termination (which is what C++ supports) you assume the error is so critical that there’s no way to get back to where the exception occurred.

DCA1204 – COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT

Assignment Set – 1

1.   Mention any four barriers to communication and substantiate your answer with one example for each. 

Ans: Barriers to Effective Communication At each stage in the process of communication – encoding, transferring, and decoding, there is the possibility of interference. This may hinder the communication process. Such interference is known as ‘noise.’ Often, a comparison is made between communication and a leaky bucket. If you carry water in a leaky bucket, you will lose water at various points in your journey

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2.   Differentiate between listening and hearing. List the different types of listening.

Ans:

3.   Explain the various types of readings. 

Ans: Types of Reading

As we have already said, we read in different ways depending on the purpose for which we are reading a text. Let us look at a few types of reading.

Skimming

Let’s say that you

Set – 2

4.   Examine the various factors that affect personality development? Mention some ways to improve your personality.

Ans: 1. Biological Factors: The study of the biological contributions to personality may be studied under three heads:

a) Heredity: Heredity refers to those factors that were determined at conception. Physical stature, facial attractiveness, sex, temperament, muscle composition and reflexes, energy level, and biological rhythms

5.   Discuss the traits of leader who will succeed in bringing out the best from their subordinates. Support your answer with examples.

Ans: 1. Communicate frequently.

It shouldn’t come as a surprise that communication is top of the list for essential leadership qualities. Communication can make or break your efforts to connect with your team, manage and coordinate initiatives, and build trust within your organization.

Good leaders

6.   Explain the importance of time management. Mention some ways that one can apply to manage time.

Ans: Here are the top reasons why time management is of great importance to your personal and career success:

• Time is Limited

DCA1205, DIGITAL LOGIC

SET-I

1. What is a logic gate? Explain various logic gates with neat diagram and truth table. 

Ans: A logic gate is an electronic circuit which has one or more inputs but only one output. Logic gate produces logical operation on binary numbers.

Now let us study basic logic gates. OR gate: OR gate has two or more inputs and only one output. The operation of this gate is such that it produces a high output (i.e. logic 1) when one or more of inputs are high and it

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2. Explain Karnaugh map method of simplification with example.

Ans: Maurice Karnaugh a telecommunication engineer has invented Karnaugh Maps. In 1953, the Karnaugh map has been developed in Bell Labs while studying the application of digital logic to design of telephone circuits. This method is also known as K-maps. A Karnaugh map (K-map) is a visual representation of a Boolean function. The plan is to recognize patterns in the visual representation and thus

3. What is a full adder? Explain the operation of full adder with a neat logic diagram.

Ans: A full adder circuit adds the carry in C along with the two inputs A and B. A large adder circuit can be constructed using multiple full adders. In full adder circuit, carry in is labeled as Ci or Cin and carry out is labeled as Co or Cout, labeling this way will remove the ambiguity between the output carry and

SET-II

4. Define Sequential Circuits. Briefly explain about the JK flip-flop with circuit and truth table.

Ans: Sequential circuits are those whose outputs depend not only on the present value of its inputs but also on past history of its inputs. There are two types of memory elements which are used in sequential circuits, they are latch and flip flop. Flip flop is a device which changes its state at the positive edge or negative edge (also known as leading edge and trailing edge) of the clock signal. Asynchronous

5. What is a shift register? Mention the types of shift register.

Ans: Shift Register is a set of binary storage elements, typically flip-flops combined and linked together to facilitate the movement of the data bits stored, from one to another and in and out of it, whenever

6. Describe various types of electrical switches.

Ans: Two Way Switches In applications where multiple switching options are required (e.g., a telephone service), mechanical switches have long been replaced by electronic switching devices which can be automated and intelligently controlled. We can define a switch in terms of its operation and use. In general,