Explain the concept of International Marketing. Also, to detail difference between Domestic and International Marketing, add suitable examples to support your answer. 4+6
Ans 1.
International marketing refers to the practice of marketing principles applied across national borders. It involves the planning, promoting, distributing, and selling of a company’s goods or services in global markets. The essence of international marketing is to recognize and understand the differences in consumer preferences, buying behaviors, and cultural nuances across different countries and regions. It also involves adapting marketing strategies to suit these varied environments while maintaining the Its Half solved only
Write a detailed note on Economic Environment to International Marketing. Also, to discuss constituents of Economic Environment in detail. 3+7
Ans 2.
The economic environment is a critical factor in international marketing, as it encompasses all the economic factors in the market environment that impact marketing management decisions. When a company decides to enter a new international market, understanding and adapting to the economic environment of that market is essential for success. This note will discuss the constituents of the economic environment in detail.
Market Structures:
Detailed the concept of Sampling. Further to explain the various methods of Sampling, include suitable examples to support your answer. 2+8 10
Ans 3.
Sampling is a fundamental concept in statistics, research, and data analysis. It involves selecting a subset of individuals, items, or observations from a larger population to make inferences or draw conclusions about that population. The effectiveness of sampling hinges on the principle that a properly chosen sample can provide a good representation of the entire population, allowing for accurate and efficient analysis without the need to examine every member of the
Assignment Set – 2
Discuss theconcept of Packaging & Labelling, while explaining the functions and importance of Packaging. 10
Ans 4.
Packaging and labeling are crucial components in the marketing and distribution of products. They serve multiple functions beyond just containing and identifying the products. This essay explores these functions and the importance of packaging in the contemporary market.
Essential Functions
Explain the concepts of Personal Selling. Detail the importance, advantages, and disadvantages of Personal Selling. 3+7
Ans 5.
Personal selling, a vital component of the marketing mix, is a face-to-face selling technique in which a salesperson uses skills and techniques to build personal relationships with potential customers. This method is particularly effective for complex, high-value products and services where customer needs are unique and require detailed explanation or customization.
Importance of
Write a detailed note on Exporting along with its types while explaining its advantages and disadvantages, include suitable examples to support your answer. 10
Ans 6.
Exporting refers to the process of sending goods or services from one country to another for sale or trade. It is a crucial part of international trade and is a primary source of revenue for many countries. Exporting can be classified into two main types: direct and indirect exporting.
Direct
SESSION
NOVEMBER 2023
PROGRAM
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)
SEMESTER
IV
COURSE CODE & NAME
DBB2204 – ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Assignment Set – 1
What is the role of water cycle in our ecosystem? Explain how it affects ecology and society? 5+5
Ans 1.
The water cycle plays a pivotal role in our ecosystem, impacting both ecology and society in profound ways. This cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle, is the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. It involves several key processes: evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, runoff, and subsurface flow. Each of these processes is crucial in maintaining the balance and health of our ecosystems and directly or indirectly affects human society.
What is sustainable development? Explain the three principles of Sustainability with two examples. 5+5
Ans 2.
Sustainable development is a holistic approach to progress that seeks to balance environmental, social, and economic needs to ensure a healthy, viable, and equitable society for present and future generations. It is rooted in the understanding that development must meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Three Principles of Sustainability
Describe the Spheres of Earth and their properties. 10
Ans 3.
The Earth is composed of several distinct layers, each with unique properties and functions. These layers are typically divided into the following:
Crust: The Earth’s crust is the outermost layer, varying in thickness from about 5 kilometers under the oceans (oceanic crust) to about 70 kilometers under the continents (continental crust). It is primarily made up of light elements like silicon, oxygen, aluminum, and calcium. The crust is solid and brittle, making it prone to fracturing,
Assignment Set – 2
Define air pollution and effects of air pollution with examples. 10
Ans 4.
Air pollution refers to the presence of substances in the atmosphere that are harmful to living beings or the environment. These pollutants can be solid particles, liquid droplets, or gases, and they can be natural or man-made. The effects of air pollution are far-reaching and can impact both health and the environment in various ways.
Health Effects
State the consequences of soil pollution on future generations and suggest control measures. 10
Ans 5.
Soil pollution, a critical environmental issue, has far-reaching consequences on future generations and requires effective control measures to mitigate its impact.
Consequences on Future Generations:
Health
Define solid waste. List the types of solid waste. Come up with a plan for management of solid wastes. 3+3+4
Ans 6.
Solid waste refers to any discarded or abandoned material. This encompasses a wide range of substances discarded by households, industries, and other entities. It includes materials that are not liquid or gaseous and can be classified based on their origin and composition.
Types of Solid
SESSION
November 2023
PROGRAM
BBA
SEMESTER
IV
course CODE & NAME
Dbb2203 – MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Set – 1
Describe the primary functions and objectives of budgetary control. Provide specific examples to illustrate each function. 10
Ans 1.
Budgetary control is a critical management tool for guiding a business towards its financial and operational goals. Its primary functions and objectives can be outlined as follows:
Planning: Budgetary control begins with planning, where financial targets for various departments or sectors within an organization are established. This involves setting goals for revenue, expenditures, production levels, and other financial metrics. For example, a retail company might set a budget for sales targets and inventory purchases for the Its Half solved only
Company XYZ has budgeted the following production costs for the upcoming quarter:
Direct Materials: $50,000
Direct Labor: $30,000
Factory Overhead: $20,000
Calculate the total standard cost for production. If the actual production costs turn out to be $100,000, determine the budget variance and analyze its implications. 10
Ans 2.
To understand the total standard cost for production and the implications of a budget variance for Company XYZ, let’s break down the components and calculations involved.
Total Standard Cost Calculation
Company XYZ’s production costs for the upcoming quarter are divided into three main categories: Direct Materials, Direct Labor, and Factory Overhead. The costs for each category are as follows:
Direct Materials: $50,
Imagine you are a financial analyst in a manufacturing company. Develop a detailed budget for the upcoming fiscal year, considering various factors such as sales forecasts, production costs, and overhead expenses. 10
Ans 3.
Developing a detailed budget for the upcoming fiscal year as a financial analyst in a manufacturing company involves a multi-faceted approach, focusing on key areas such as sales forecasts, production costs, and overhead expenses. The following plan outlines the necessary steps and considerations:
Sales Forecasting: The foundation of the budget is the sales forecast. Begin by analyzing historical sales data, market trends, and economic indicators. Consider factors like seasonality, market demand, and potential new product launches. Predict the expected units
SET – 2
A manufacturing company sets a standard labor cost of $15 per hour for producing a product. During a particular month, the actual labor hours worked were 2,000 hours, and the actual labor cost incurred was $30,000. Calculate the labor rate variance and the labor efficiency variance. Interpret the results and provide recommendations for improvement. 10
Ans 1.
To analyze the labor cost variances of the manufacturing company, let’s first understand what labor rate and labor efficiency variances are. Labor Rate Variance focuses on the difference between the actual hourly wage paid and the standard hourly wage set by the company. Labor Efficiency Variance, on the other hand, looks at the difference in the amount of labor time actually used
Company ABC has the following financial data:
Current Assets: $200,000
Current Liabilities: $120,000
Inventory: $80,000
Accounts Receivable: $60,000
Accounts Payable: $40,000
Calculate the company’s working capital, current ratio, and quick ratio. Analyze these ratios and provide insights into the company’s liquidity position. 10
Ans 2.
To analyze the financial health of Company ABC, we’ll focus on three key metrics: working capital, current ratio, and quick ratio. These metrics are crucial in understanding the company’s liquidity and its ability to meet short-term obligations.
Working Capital Working capital is calculated as the difference between a company’s current assets and its current liabilities. It’s a measure of a company’s operational efficiency and its short-term
Assess the effectiveness of ratio analysis in evaluating a company’s financial performance. Discuss the limitations of using ratios and suggest alternative financial analysis tools that can complement or overcome these limitations. 10
Ans 3.
Ratio analysis is a widely used tool for evaluating a company’s financial performance, offering several advantages but also facing certain limitations. To complement or overcome these limitations, other financial analysis tools can be employed.
Effectiveness of Ratio
SESSION
NOV 2023
PROGRAM
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)
SEMESTER
IV
COURSE CODE & NAME
DBB2202 -MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
Assignment Set – 1
Explain how MIS controls the Information in an organization. 10
Ans 1.
Management Information Systems (MIS) play a critical role in controlling information within an organization. This control is exercised through various mechanisms and strategies that ensure efficient handling, processing, and dissemination of information. In this discussion, we will explore how MIS controls information in an organization in a comprehensive manner.
Explain the steps in the decision-making process in detail . 10
Ans 2.
The decision-making process is a crucial aspect of problem-solving and strategic planning in both personal and professional contexts. It involves a series of steps that guide an individual or a group to arrive at a thoughtful and informed decision. While this process can vary depending on the complexity of the decision and the context, there are commonly accepted steps that are followed. Here’s a
Top of Form
Explain what is meant by BPR. What is its significance? 10
Ans 3.
Bayesian Personalized Ranking (BPR) is a machine learning algorithm used primarily in the field of recommender systems. It’s a framework designed for building and evaluating the performance of recommendation engines, especially those dealing with implicit feedback data (like user clicks, views, or purchases) rather than explicit feedback (like ratings or reviews).
Understanding
Assignment Set – 2
Explain the applications and systems used in e-communication. 10
Ans 4.
Electronic communication, or e-communication, refers to the methods of communication via electronic means, often through the internet. This field has evolved rapidly, especially in the last few decades, leading to a plethora of applications and systems that facilitate a wide range of communication needs.
Email
Explain different types of Decision Support Systems. 10
Ans 5.
Decision Support Systems (DSS) are interactive software-based systems designed to assist decision-makers in compiling useful information from raw data, documents, personal knowledge, or business models to identify and solve problems and make decisions. While these systems vary widely in their applications and complexities, they can be broadly classified into five
Explain the various security hazards faced by an information system. 10
Ans 6.
Information systems, integral to modern organizations, face various security hazards. These risks can be broadly categorized into external threats, internal threats, and technical vulnerabilities. Understanding and mitigating these risks is crucial for ensuring the integrity, confidentiality, and
SESSION
November 2023
PROGRAM
BACHELOR of business administration (BBA)
SEMESTER
IV
course CODE & NAME
DBB2201-Business Strategy
Assignment Set – 1
Define business strategy and explain its significance in the context of organizational success. Provide an example to illustrate the practical application of business strategy. 5+5
Ans 1.
Business strategy refers to the set of actions and decisions that a business undertakes in order to achieve its business goals and be competitive in its industry. It is a plan that guides the company in fulfilling its vision, mission, and objectives, and it outlines how the business will perform in terms of its customers, competitors, and environment. The significance of business strategy cannot be overstated, as it is Its Half solved only
Define business policy and elaborate on its components. How does business policy differ from operational decisions within an organization? Support your answer with relevant examples. 4+6
Ans 2.
Business policy is a crucial aspect of organizational management that defines the broad guidelines and framework within which a company operates. It encompasses the vision, mission, and core values of an organization, providing a roadmap for its strategic direction and decision-making processes. Business policy is designed to align the company’s operations with its overarching goals
Discuss Michael Porter’s analysis. 10
Ans 3.
Michael Porter’s analysis, particularly his Five Forces Framework, is a cornerstone in the field of strategic management and business analysis. His approach provides a structured and comprehensive way to look at the competitive forces that shape every industry, and thereby helps businesses to identify their strengths and weaknesses relative to their competition. Below is a discussion of Porter’s analysis, broken down into key com
Assignment Set – 2
Explain the significance of strategy formulation in the overall strategic management process. Discuss how effective strategy formulation contributes to an organization’s competitive advantage and long-term success. 6+4
Ans 4.
Strategy formulation is a pivotal component in the overall strategic management process, serving as the bedrock upon which organizations build their path to success. It involves the careful analysis and decision-making regarding the best courses of action that an organization can take to achieve its goals and objectives. This intricate process is not just about plotting a direction for the company but also about ensuring that it maintains a competitive edge in a constantly evolving
What do you mean by strategy implementation? What are the important issues involved in it. 4+6
Ans 5.
Strategy implementation refers to the process through which an organization turns its strategic plans into actions to achieve its objectives. This process is critical because even the most well-thought-out strategies can fail if they are not implemented properly. The effectiveness of strategy implementation is determined by how well the chosen strategies are executed within the organization’s structure and culture, and how they respond to external factors.
Key Issues in Strategy
Explain the concept of strategic leadership and its pivotal role in the success of modern organizations. Discuss how strategic leadership goes beyond traditional leadership by integrating a forward-thinking, long-term perspective. 3+7
Ans 6.
Strategic leadership is a multifaceted approach to guiding an organization towards its long-term goals and visions. Unlike traditional leadership, which often focuses on managing day-to-day operations and solving immediate problems, strategic leadership emphasizes a forward-thinking, long-term perspective. This approach is increasingly crucial in the dynamic and competitive environment of modern organizations.
List five chemicals that you find in your house, which may find use in the kitchen/wardrobe/bathroom/ utility area, on a daily basis. Please provide the chemical composition of each of these five agents, and list two uses of each of them.
Ans 1.
Here are five common household chemicals, along with their chemical compositions and two uses each:
Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda) – NaHCO₃
Chemical Composition: Sodium bicarbonate consists of sodium (Na), hydrogen (H), carbon (C), and oxygen (O) atoms, specifically forming the Its Half solved only
Classify Consumer products. List five characteristics of each type.
Ans 2.
Classify Consumer products
Classifying consumer products can be broadly done into four types: convenience products, shopping products, specialty products, and unsought products. Each of these categories has distinct characteristics that define them and influence consumer behavior.
Convenience products
Convenience products are those that are frequently purchased and require minimal effort and time from the
Classify pesticides based on source, chemical composition, mode of entry, type of target pests, and mechanism of action. Please supplement your answer with two examples under each class.
Ans 3.
Pesticides, integral in managing pest populations in agriculture and public health, can be classified based on various criteria such as source, chemical composition, mode of entry, type of target pests, and mechanism of action. Each classification offers a different perspective on how these substances interact with their environment and target organisms.
Starting with the source, pesticides are broadly
Assignment Set – 2
A. Write a brief note in about 200 words on the five food types that result in a Balanced diet.
Bring out the relationship between Nutrition and Brain Health, as well as Nutrition and Gut Health. 5+2.5 +2.5 10
Ans 4.
Balanced Diet: The Five Essential Food Types
A balanced diet is pivotal for maintaining overall health and well-being. It involves consuming a variety of foods in the right proportions, ensuring the body receives all necessary nutrients. Here are the five essential food types that constitute a balanced diet:
Fruits and Vegetables: These are rich sources of vitamins, minerals, and fiber. They help in maintaining a
A. List and explain methods of creating Genetically modified crops.
Justify the need for growing GMO crops for human and animal consumption 5+2.5+2.5
Ans 5.
Genetically modified (GM) crops are created through a process where the genetic makeup of a plant is altered to introduce new traits or enhance existing ones. This is achieved through several methods:
Transgenic
6.A.Write a note on Distance Medical Technology-what it is, its advantages and disadvantages.
Bring out examples of the application of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare. List Advantages and Disadvantages with examples. 5+5 10
Ans 6.
Distance Medical Technology, also known as Telemedicine, refers to the use of telecommunication and information technologies to provide clinical health care from a distance. This field has evolved rapidly with advancements in technology, offering new and innovative ways to deliver medical care.
Distance Medical Technology
Distance Medical Technology enables healthcare professionals to evaluate, diagnose, and treat patients remotely using telecommunications technology. This approach is especially useful in regions
SESSION
SEPTEMBE 2023
PROGRAM
BACHELOR OF ARTS (ENGLISH)
SEMESTER
I
COURSE CODE
OBAC 102– COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH
& NAME
Assignment Set – 1
What is communication? Explain Shannon- Weaver’s model of communication 6+4
Ans 1.
Communication
Communication is a complex process of exchanging information, ideas, thoughts, feelings, and messages. It is a fundamental aspect of human interaction that enables individuals and groups to convey their intentions, express emotions, share knowledge, and build relationships. Communication can occur through various mediums, including spoken and written language, non-verbal cues like body language and facial expressions, and technological channels like the
Aristotle’s model of communication, one of the earliest communication models, is fundamentally rooted in the art of rhetoric. This model, developed by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, is a speaker-centered framework that focuses on the elements essential for effective communication. Unlike modern communication models that often emphasize the roles of both the
What are the features of Maxwell mode of communication? 10
Ans 3.
Maxwell mode of communication, named after the renowned physicist James Clerk Maxwell, embodies a set of principles and methodologies that reflect Maxwell’s approach to scientific inquiry and communication. It’s not a formally established mode of communication in the traditional sense, but rather a conceptual framework inspired by Maxwell’s work and methodologies. Here are some key features of this approach, discussed in detail:
Empirical and
Assignment Set – 2
Discuss the impediments to effective listening 10
Ans 1.
Effective listening is an essential skill in communication, yet various impediments can hinder its effectiveness. Understanding these barriers is crucial for improving communication in personal, academic, and professional settings.
Psychological Barriers: One of the primary hindrances to effective listening is psychological barriers. These include preconceived notions, biases, and prejudices that we hold about the speaker or the subject matter. When we approach a conversation with a closed mind or judgmental attitude, we’re less likely to fully comprehend or value the other person’s perspective. This selective listening leads to misunderstandings and a lack of genuine
Discuss any five types of interviews. 10
Ans 2.
Interviews are a fundamental part of human interaction and are used extensively in various fields such as journalism, human resources, research, and law enforcement. While there are numerous types of interviews, each with its own purpose and methodology, we will discuss five significant types: structured, unstructured, semi-structured, behavioral, and stress
What are the features of a good presentation? 10
Ans 3.
A good presentation is an art form that combines various elements to engage, inform, and persuade an audience. While there are many factors that can contribute to the effectiveness of a presentation, here are some key features:
Clear Objective: Every great presentation has a clear purpose or objective. Whether it’s to inform, persuade, entertain, or a combination of these, knowing the objective shapes all aspects
SESSION
SEPTEMBER 2023
PROGRAM
BACHELORS OF ARTS -(BA ENGLISH)
SEMESTER
I
COURSE CODE
OBAE111- INDIAN ENGLISH LITERATURE
& NAME
Assignment Set – 1
Discuss the character sketch of the astrologer in RK Narayan’s An Astrologer’s Day, with reference to his round character. 10
Ans 1.
To discuss the character sketch of the astrologer in R.K. Narayan’s “An Astrologer’s Day,” it’s essential to focus on the aspects that contribute to his round character. This means we will delve into his complexity, development, and the subtleties that make him a fully fleshed-out character, rather than just a flat, Its Half solved only
Explain the various Animal-Human relationships that Ruskin Bond implies in his novella the Grandfather’s Zoo 10
Ans 2.
Ruskin Bond, through his novella “The Grandfather’s Zoo,” offers a charming and insightful exploration into the multifaceted relationships between animals and humans. This narrative, woven with simplicity and warmth, reflects on various dimensions of these relationships, ranging from companionship and mutual respect to the broader themes of coexistence and interdependence.
Companionship and Emotional Bonding: At the heart of Bond’s storytelling lies the theme of company
Top of Form
How does Kamala Das portray the plight of women in a patriarchal society in her poem ‘The Introduction’? 10
Ans 3.
Kamala Das’s poem “The Introduction” is a profound exploration of the plight of women in a patriarchal society. The poem is a candid reflection of her personal experiences and observations, effectively portraying the challenges and constraints faced by women.
At the outset, Das confronts the issue of identity, a central theme in the poem. The poetess struggles with the societal expectations imposed upon her, questioning the prescribed roles and behaviors. She writes, “I am Indian, very brown,
Assignment Set – 2
Give a critical analysis of the poem ‘Small Scale Reflections on a Great House’ by A.K Ramanujan with a special reference to culture and heritage in his poem. 10
Ans 1.
“Small Scale Reflections on a Great House” by A.K Ramanujan is a profound exploration of the themes of culture and heritage. The poem, rich in its imagery and intricate in its structure, serves as a metaphorical representation of the decay and dilapidation of traditional values and structures in a rapidly changing world. Ramanujan, known for his ability to weave together the personal and the
Give a detailed critical analysis of Munshi’s essay, “The Spiritual Basis of the Satyagraha”. 10
Ans 2.
Munshi’s essay “The Spiritual Basis of the Satyagraha” delves into the philosophical and spiritual underpinnings of the Satyagraha movement, a form of non-violent resistance pioneered by Mahatma Gandhi. The essay is a profound exploration of how spiritual beliefs and moral principles can drive social and political change.
At the core of Munshi’s argument is the idea that Satyagraha is not merely a political strategy, but a holistic approach to life that
Give a critical appreciation of the Sarojini Naidu’s The Palanquin Bearers. 10
Ans 3.
Sarojini Naidu’s poem “The Palanquin Bearers” is a lyrical piece that beautifully captures the essence of Indian culture and tradition through its vivid imagery and rhythmic quality. The poem is a part of Naidu’s collection titled “The Golden Threshold,” published in 1905, which is celebrated for its rich exploration of Indian themes and landscapes. “The Palanquin Bearers” stands out as a particularly evocative piece, weaving together the physical and the emotional,
SESSION
SEPTEMBER 2023
PROGRAM
POLITICAL SCIENCE (BA)
SEMESTER
I
COURSE CODE & NAME
OBAP112- FOUNDATION OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
Assignment Set -I
Assess the Scope and Significance of Political Science. Briefly highlight relationship of Political Science with other Social Sciences. 5+5 10
Ans 1.
Political science, as a discipline, examines the theory and practice of politics and governance, encompassing the study of political systems, political behavior, and political culture. Its scope and significance are vast, impacting various aspects of society and intersecting with other social sciences.
2 Define State. Explain the triad nexus between Society, State and Government. 4+6
Ans 2.
A state can be defined as a politically organized body of people usually occupying a definite territory, especially one that is sovereign. The concept of a state is central to political science and relates closely to the ideas of government and society, forming a triad nexus between these three elements.
The Nature of a State: At its core, a state is an entity with a defined territory, a permanent population, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states. It possesses sovereignty, the ultimate authority within its territorial boundaries, free from external control. This sovereignty is
3 Explore the difference between Negative and Positive Liberty. 10
Ans 3.
Negative and Positive Liberty are two fundamental concepts in political and philosophical thought, representing different views on what it means to be free. These concepts were most famously articulated by Isaiah Berlin in his 1958 essay “Two Concepts of Liberty.”
Negative Liberty
Negative liberty is
Assignment Set – II
Define Citizenship. Explore Marshall and Giddens view on Citizenship. 4+6
Ans 1.
Citizenship, in its broadest sense, refers to the status of being a member of a particular nation or state, encompassing both legal and social dimensions. It is not only about possessing a passport or enjoying the right to reside in a country, but also about participating in the life of that nation and fulfilling certain duties and responsibilities.
T.H. Marshall, a prominent 20th-century sociologist, had a profound influence on the conceptualization of citizenship. In Marshall’s view, citizenship is a status bestowed upon all those who
Top of Form
Define Democracy. Illustrate evolution of Democracy. 4+6
Ans 2.
Democracy, derived from the Greek words “dēmos” (people) and “kratos” (power or rule), is a system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting. It’s a political system where the majority’s decision-making power is reflected in the election of representatives and in direct participation in the political process.
Evolution of Democracy
Define Globalisation. Assess the ramification of Globalisation on State Sovereignty. 4+6
Ans 3.
Globalization refers to the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide. It’s primarily driven by international trade and investment, aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, culture, political systems, economic development and prosperity, and human physical well-being in societies around the world.
Impact of Globalization on State Sovereignty
Globalization has a profound impact on state sovereignty, which can be assessed in various dimensions:
Economic
SESSION
SEPTEMBER 2023
PROGRAM
BACHELOR OF ARTS (BA)
SEMESTER
I
COURSE CODE & NAME
OBAS113–
INTRODUCTION
TO
SOCIOLOGY
Assignment Set – 1
Discuss in detail the importance of sociology.
Ans 1.
Sociology, as a field of study, delves into the complexities of human society, exploring how individuals interact within societal structures and how these structures, in turn, shape human behavior and experiences. Its importance lies in several key areas:
Understanding Social Dynamics: Sociology helps us understand the intricacies of human society. It studies various aspects of social life, from family, education, and religion to law, politics, and economy. This understanding is crucial for comprehending the forces that shape our daily experiences and our place
Karl Marx’s conflict theory, a central element in his critique of capitalism and class structures, has faced various critiques over the years. One of the primary criticisms is its economic determinism. Marx posited that the economic base of a society fundamentally determines its social superstructure, including its culture, institutions, and politics. Critics argue that this perspective underestimates the role of non-economic factors like culture, religion, and individual agency in shaping society. This critique suggests that Marx’s theory overly
Discuss the features of social instutions.
Ans 3.
Social institutions are fundamental building blocks of societies, playing a crucial role in shaping social behavior and maintaining social order. They are complex, integrated systems that establish norms and provide frameworks for social interactions, encompassing various aspects of social life such as family, education, religion, and government.
Family
Family,
Assignment Set – 2
Think of a major technological advancement in recent times. Discuss how this technology has brought about social change in communities or societies.
Ans 4.
One of the most significant technological advancements in recent times is the proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in its application through tools like machine learning and deep learning. This technology has profoundly influenced various aspects of our lives, reshaping industries, economies, and even the fabric of our societies.
At its core, AI’s ability to analyze vast amounts of data and learn from it has revolutionized many sectors. In healthcare, for example, AI-powered diagnostics can detect diseases such as cancer more accurately and
What is ‘deviance’ in a sociological context? Give an example of a deviant behavior and discuss why it might be considered deviant in one society but not in another.
Ans 5.
Deviance in a sociological context refers to behaviors, actions, or beliefs that go against the norms or values of a particular social group or society. These norms and values are subjective and can vary widely from one culture or society to another. Sociologically, deviance is not defined by the act itself but by the reactions of others to the act. What is considered deviant in one society might be regarded as normal or even commendable in another, highlighting the relative nature of devianc
Identify and describe two methods through which societies enforce social control. Give an example of each method in action from your own observations or experiences.
Ans 1.
Social control is a fundamental concept in sociology, referring to the ways in which a society tries to maintain order and regulate the behavior of its members. There are various methods through which societies enforce social control, but two particularly notable ones are the use of formal laws and regulations, and the influence of social norms and values.
DMBA101 – MANAGEMENT PROCESS AND ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
Assignment Set – 1
Explain the concept of Planning along with various types of Planning. 3+7
Ans 1.
Planning is a fundamental management function that involves setting goals and determining the best way to achieve them. It is a systematic and organized process that helps organizations anticipate future challenges, make informed decisions, allocate resources efficiently, and achieve their objectives. Here, I will explain the concept of planning and various types of planning:
Concept of Planning: Planning is the process of defining goals and objectives and developing strategies and action plans to achieve them. It involves a systematic approach to
Define Organizing while having light on the importance of the concept. 3+7
Ans 2.
Organizing is a fundamental concept in various aspects of life, including business, personal life, and even in the context of organizing information and data. It refers to the process of arranging, structuring, and categorizing elements, resources, or information in a systematic and orderly manner to achieve specific objectives efficiently and effectively. Here, I will shed light on the importance of organizing:
Efficiency: Organizing helps streamline tasks and activities. By arranging things in a logical order, you reduce wasted time and effort. In a business setting, efficient organization can lead to cost savings, increased productivity, and quicker decision-
Define Controlling along with prerequisites of Effective Control. 3+7 10
Ans 3.
Controlling is one of the key functions of management that involves monitoring and regulating various organizational activities to ensure that they are in line with the predetermined goals and objectives. It is the process of comparing actual performance against predetermined standards or benchmarks and taking corrective actions when necessary to ensure that the organization is on the right track.
Prerequisites of Effective Control:
Establishment of Standards: The first prerequisite of effective control is the establishment of clear and specific standards or benchmarks against which performance can
Assignment Set – 2
Discuss the concept of Motivation. Explain Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. 2+8 Ans 4.
Motivation: Concept and Overview
Motivation can be defined as the inner drive or force that propels individuals toward the achievement of a goal. It is what stimulates and directs behavior, providing a reason to act in a particular manner. Originating from the Latin word ‘movere’, which means ‘to move’, motivation is the combination of cognitive, social, emotional, and biological factors that activate and sustain certain behaviors. Everyone possesses some form of motivation, which
Discuss the concept of ‘Team’. Also discuss seventeen characteristics of an Effective Team. 2+8
Ans 5.
Concept of ‘Team’
A team can be understood as a cohesive group of individuals who come together to achieve a shared goal or purpose. In organizational contexts, teams often consist of people with different skills and expertise that complement each other. Unlike mere groupings of individuals, a team operates synergistically, with the output of the collective often being greater than the sum of individual efforts. The foundational idea behind a team is collaboration: by working together, members can achieve more than they would individually, leveraging each other’s strengths and compensating for any weaknesses.
Detail the concept of Leadership. Discuss Trait theory of Leadership in detail. 3+7
Ans 6.
Leadership: A Detailed Concept
Leadership is a multifaceted concept that pertains to the ability to influence, guide, inspire, and direct a group of individuals to achieve a common goal or objective. Leaders are often viewed as visionaries, motivators, and decision-makers who can create an environment conducive to success, be it in a corporate, political, social, or familial context. Effective leadership entails the aptitude to craft a vision, communicate it persuasively, and guide others
SESSION
AUG/SEP 2023
PROGRAM
Masters of business administration (mba)
SEMESTER
I
course CODE & NAME
DMBA102–BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
SET – 1
Enlist the steps of delivering a successful oral presentation. Explain. 10
Ans 1.
Steps of Delivering a Successful Oral Presentation and Their Explanation
Objective Identification: Before preparing any presentation, it’s crucial to understand the objective. Ask yourself: What do I want the audience to take away from this? Your entire presentation should be crafted around fulfilling this objective.
Audience Analysis: Recognize and understand your audience. Are they experts in the field, novices, or a mixed group? This will dictate the depth, language, and type of content you present. Tailoring your message to your audience ensures engagement and comprehension.
Explain the various types of Non-Verbal Communication while giving examples as how you will use NV Communication when appearing for a job interview. 10
Ans 2.
Non-verbal communication plays a crucial role in human interaction, and it can significantly impact the outcome of a job interview. Job interviews are not just about what you say; they also involve how you convey your message through non-verbal cues. In this essay, we will explore various types of non-verbal communication and provide examples of how they can be effectively used during a job interview.
Facial Expressions: Facial expressions are one of the most powerful forms of non-verbal communication. A smile can convey warmth and friendliness, while a
Imagine that you are the sales representative of your organization and you are asked to effectively demonstrate a newly launched product/service in front of a target audience. Explain the communication process while including the relevance of context and how the communication can go wrong even if a few elements are missed. 10
Ans 3.
The Communication Process in Product Demonstrations: The Relevance of Context and Potential Pitfalls
When launching a new product or service, effective communication is paramount. As a sales representative, you’re not just presenting a product; you are weaving a story, sharing a solution, and influencing perceptions. The entire process involves multiple elements, and missing even one of these can derail the success of the demonstration.
Sender (Sales Representative): As the initiator of the message, you are responsible for encoding your ideas in a way the audience will understand. This involves knowing
SET – 2
What are different types of Reading? Explain. 5 x 2
Ans 1.
Reading is a fundamental skill that plays a crucial role in our lives. It is not a monolithic activity but rather a multifaceted process that can take on various forms depending on the purpose and context. Here, we will explore five different types of reading and provide a brief explanation of each.
Recreational Reading: Recreational reading, also known as leisure reading or pleasure reading, is perhaps the most common form of reading. It involves reading for enjoyment and relaxation. This type of reading often includes novels, magazines, comics, and any material
Illustrate the different components of a Resume. Create an innovative resume of your own using the components. 10
Ans 2.
An Insight into the Components of a Resume and Crafting an Innovative Example
Introduction:
A resume is a document that encapsulates an individual’s academic background, work experience, and skills, serving as a personal advertisement to prospective employers. With the increasing competition in the job market, crafting an impressive resume has become paramount. By understanding the core components of a resume, one can strategically present themselves in the most favorable light. This essay aims to delve into the critical elements of a resume and provide an innovative example to illuminate these components.
What is the basic difference between Product Advertising and Corporate Advertising? Explain the different types of Corporate Advertising. 3 + 7
Ans 3.
Difference between Product Advertising and Corporate Advertising:
Feature
Product Advertising
Corporate Advertising
Objective
Promotes a specific product or service to drive sales.
Enhances the company’s overall image and communicates its values, mission, and vision.
SESSION
AUG/SEP 2023
PROGRAMME
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
SEMESTER
I
COURSE CODE & NAME
DMBA103-STATISTICS FOR MANAGEMENT
SET 1
1 Define statistics. Explain various functions of statistics. Also discuss the key limitations of statistics. 2+4+4
Ans 1.
Statistics for Management: Definition, Functions, and Limitations
Definition of Statistics: Statistics can be understood in two main contexts:
a) Singular Sense: In this context, ‘statistics’ refers to the science and art of collecting, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting data in order to make informed decisions. It provides methods and tools for dealing with variability, uncertainty, and making inferences about populations from samples.
b) Plural Sense: When used in the plural, ‘statistics’ refer to numerical facts or data points collected systematically. For instance, the GDP growth rate of a country, the average age of =
Define Measurement Scales. Discuss Qualitative and Quantitative data in detail with examples. 2+8
Ans 2.
Measurement Scales
Measurement scales refer to various types of categories into which data can be classified. These scales are foundational in the field of statistics and research, as they dictate the type of statistical technique that can be used to analyze the data. There are primarily four types of measurement scales: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
Qualitative Data
Qualitative data, often termed as categorical data, deals with characteristics and descriptors that can be observed but not measured. In other words, it’s about understanding an attribute rather than counting it or measuring it with exactitude. Qualitative data can be divided based on the
Discuss the basic laws of Sampling theory. Define following Sampling techniques with help of examples:
Stratified Sampling
Cluster Sampling
Multi-stage Sampling 4+6
Ans 3.
Laws of Sampling Theory
Sampling is a fundamental concept in statistics, which deals with the selection of a subset of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population. There are basic laws of sampling theory that guide how sampling should be done to ensure that the sample is representative of the entire population.
Law of Statistical Regularity: Even if the population is heterogeneous, if the sample is random and sufficiently large, it will still be representative of the population. This law suggests that random samples exhibit the same properties and characteristics as the population from which they are drawn.
SET 2
1 Define Business Forecasting. Explain various methods of Business Forecasting. 10
Ans 1.
Business Forecasting Definition and Methods
Business Forecasting refers to the process of estimating or predicting future trends, demands, and developments in a particular business or industry based on historical data, market analysis, and relevant business insights. It aids businesses in making informed decisions, planning for the future, managing resources effectively, and anticipating market changes.
Methods of Business Forecasting:
Judgmental or Qualitative Forecasting:
Expert Opinion: This method involves seeking the opinion of experts in the respective field to predict future outcomes. Their insights, based on experience and expertise, can guide business decisions.
What is Index number? Discuss the utility of Index numbers 5+5
Ans 2.
Index Number
An index number is a statistical tool that measures the relative change in a particular variable or a group of related variables over time or different geographical locations. Typically, it quantifies the changes in terms of percentages. Index numbers are often used to track economic indicators, such as inflation, production, and the cost of living. The base year or location is given a value of 100, and subsequent values are calculated to represent the relative change from this base value.
Utility of Index Numbers:
Economic Analysis: Index numbers are extensively used to study economic trends and formulate policies. For instance, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) provides insights into
Discuss various types of Estimators. Also explain the criteria of a good estimator. 5+5
Ans 3.
Various Types of Estimators
Estimators are statistical measures that give an approximation of a particular population parameter based on the information available from a sample. There are several types of estimators:
Point Estimator: This gives a single value as an estimate of the population parameter. For instance, the sample mean (X̄) is a point estimator of the population mean (μ).
Interval Estimator: Instead of giving a single value, an interval estimator provides a range of values as the estimate for the population parameter. A confidence interval is an
SESSION
AUG/SEP 2023
PROGRAM
MASTER of business administration (MBA)
SEMESTER
I
course CODE & NAME
DMBA104- FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Assignment Set – 1
Explain different types of accounting concepts in detail. 10
Ans 1.
Accounting Concepts
Accounting concepts are the foundational principles upon which the entire structure of accounting is built. These concepts serve as a guide to accountants and financial professionals in recording, reporting, and interpreting financial transactions. Understanding these principles is essential for anyone involved in the financial world. Below, we delve into some of the key accounting concepts and explain their significance.
Going Concern Concept: This concept assumes that a business entity will continue to operate indefinitely. Unless there’s evidence to the contrary, it’s assumed that the company
Write a detailed note on different types of subsidiary books and their importance in recording accounting transactions. Also demonstrate specimen of any 2 types of subsidiary books. 5+5
Ans 2.
SUBSIDIARY BOOKS IN ACCOUNTING
Subsidiary books, also known as daybooks or special journals, play a pivotal role in the accounting process. These books allow businesses to record specific types of transactions in a detailed manner, which ensures that the main ledger remains uncluttered and easy to interpret. The use of subsidiary books expedites the accounting process and enhances its accuracy. Below are the different types of subsidiary books and their significance in recording accounting transactions.
For the following balances extracted from a trial balance, prepare a trading account. 10
Particulars
Amount in Rs.
Stock on 1-1-2022
70700
Returns inwards
3000
Returns outwards
3000
Purchases
102000
Debtors
56000
Creditors
45000
Carriage inwards
5000
Carriage outwards
4000
Import duty on materials received from abroad
6000
Clearing charges
7000
Rent of business shop
12000
Royalty paid to extract materials
10000
Fire insurance on stock
2000
Wages paid to workers
8000
Office salaries
10000
Cash discount
1000
Gas, electricity, and water
4000
Sales
250000
Ans 3.
Trading Account for the Year Ended 31-12-2022
A trading account gives a detailed summary of gross profit or loss of a business. To derive the gross profit, it is essential to take into account direct incomes and direct expenses.
Direct Incomes:
Sales: The main income for any trading business. For the given period, sales amount to Rs. 250,000.
Stock on 1-1-2022: The beginning inventory is considered in the trading account to compute the cost of goods available for sale. This amount is Rs. 70,700.
Direct Expenses: These are the expenses directly linked to the production or procurement of goods.
Assignment Set – 2
Following is the balance sheet for the period ending 31st March 2018 and 2019. If the current year’s net loss is Rs.38,000, calculate the cash flow from operating activities.
31st MARCH
2018
2019
Short-term loan to employees
15,000
18,000
Creditors
30,000
8,000
Provision for doubtful debts
1,200
–
Bills payable
18,000
20,000
Stock in trade
15,000
13,000
Bills receivable
10,000
22,000
Prepaid expenses
800
600
Outstanding expenses
300
500
Ans 4.
Cash Flow from Operating Activities Calculation
The calculation of cash flow from operating activities is primarily based on the changes in working capital items and the net profit or loss for the year. Using the indirect method, we start with the net income (or net loss) and make adjustments for changes in current assets and current liabilities.
Starting Point: Net Loss for the current year: Rs. 38,000
Adjustments for Changes in Current Assets and Liabilities:
Short-term loan to employees:
2018: Rs. 15,000
Define Marginal Costing. Discuss in detail the assumptions and limitations of Marginal Costing. 2+8
Ans 5.
MARGINAL COSTING
Marginal costing, often referred to as direct, variable, or contribution costing, is a method of costing in which only variable costs are charged to products, processes, or services, while fixed costs are treated as period costs and written off during the period in which they are incurred. The main focus is on the change in the total cost due to a change in one unit of production. It helps managers in making decisions regarding production, pricing, and other business strategies by focusing on the marginal or incremental costs and benefits.
Define budgetary control? Elaborate essential features of budgetary control. 10
Ans 6.
BUDGETARY CONTROL: DEFINITION AND ESSENTIAL FEATURES
Definition of Budgetary Control: Budgetary control is a system of managing costs through preparation of budgets. It entails the process of preparing budgets for a specific period, comparing the actual results with the budgeted figures, and taking corrective action if any discrepancies exist. It serves as a vital tool for management in planning, coordinating, and
SESSION
Aug/Sep 2023
PROGRAM
MASTER of business administration (MBA)
SEMESTER
I
course CODE & NAME
DMBA105 – MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS
Assignment Set – 1
What is Law of Demand? What are its exceptions? 2+8
Ans 1.
Law of Demand
The Law of Demand is a fundamental concept in economics that describes the inverse relationship between the price of a good or service and the quantity demanded by consumers, assuming other factors remain constant (ceteris paribus). Simply put, as the price of a good or service increases, the quantity demanded for it tends to decrease, and conversely, as the price of a good or service decreases, the quantity demanded for it tends to increase.
This behavior can be attributed to two primary effects:
Substitution Effect: When the price of a product rises, other similar products become
Describe the features of various market structures. 10
Ans 2.
Features of Various Market Structures
Market structures provide a framework within which businesses operate, determine product prices, and compete. They essentially describe the nature and level of competition between firms in the same industry. There are several types of market structures, each with its own distinct features and implications for the way businesses behave. Let’s delve into the primary market structures: perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly.
Perfect Competition:
Many Sellers and Buyers: There are numerous sellers, each selling an identical product, and many buyers. No single buyer or seller can influence the market price.
Explain the different types of cost with suitable example. 10
Ans 3.
Different Types of Cost with Suitable Examples
Cost is a fundamental concept in economics and business management. At its core, it represents the amount spent to produce or purchase something. However, from a managerial perspective, it is essential to understand the different classifications of costs, as they play a crucial role in decision-making, budgeting, and price setting. Here, we delve into the various types of costs and provide examples for better comprehension.
Fixed Costs: These are costs that do not vary with the level of production or sales. They remain constant regardless of the volume of goods produced or sold. This means that even if
Assignment Set – 2
Outline the characteristics and causes of business cycle. 10
Ans 4.
CHARACTERISTICS OF BUSINESS CYCLES
Wave-Like Movements: Business cycles occur in waves, characterized by alternating periods of expansion and contraction in economic activity. These are recurrent, but not periodic, as they do not follow a fixed time pattern.
Phases: A complete business cycle comprises four phases – expansion or boom, peak, contraction or recession, and trough. The expansion phase sees an upward trajectory of economic activity until it reaches its peak. After the peak, the economic activity starts to
Summarize the different objectives of pricing policies. 10
Ans 5.
Objectives of Pricing Policies
Pricing is a crucial component in the decision-making processes of firms. It not only affects a company’s bottom line but also plays a vital role in positioning a product or service in the market. The objectives behind pricing policies can vary based on the company’s goals, market conditions, and the specific stage of the product life cycle. Here are the key objectives of pricing policies:
Revenue Maximization: One of the primary objectives for many businesses is to maximize revenue. By adjusting the price, a company aims to sell a quantity of the product that will
Define and discuss the importance of consumption function in detail. 2 +8
Ans 6.
Consumption Function: Definition and Importance
Definition of Consumption Function:
The consumption function, a central concept in Keynesian economics, relates the level of aggregate consumption to the level of disposable income in an economy. It is mathematically expressed as:
C=C0+c(Y−T)
Where:
C = Total consumption
SESSION
aug/sep 2023
PROGRAM
MASTER of business administration (MBA)
SEMESTER
I
course CODE & NAME
dMBA106 – HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
CREDITS
4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks
02
30 Marks each
Assignment Set – 1
Briefly describe the different roles of HR professional in business. 10
Ans 1.
Roles of HR Professional in Business
The roles of Human Resource (HR) professionals have evolved significantly over the years. They have transitioned from mere administrative functions to more strategic roles within the organization. Here are the key roles that HR professionals play in the modern business context:
Strategic Partner: HR professionals are actively involved in forming and executing company strategies. They help the company align its human capital with its strategic objectives, ensuring that the right talent is in place to achieve business goals.
Discuss selection process outcomes and its effect in the selection of candidates. 10
Ans 2.
Selection Process Outcomes and Its Effect in the Selection of Candidates
The selection process is crucial to ensuring that the right individuals are chosen for the right positions. The outcomes of a selection process are the results that come from evaluating applicants against the criteria required for the job. These outcomes have a profound effect on the selection of candidates in various ways:
Job-Applicant Fit: A primary outcome of the selection process is determining how well an applicant’s skills, experience, and attributes align with the job’s requirements. A successful selection process will accurately measure this fit, ensuring that the candidate can effectively perform the job tasks.
What is succession planning? What are the benefits of having a formal Succession Planning System in an organization? 3+7
Ans 3.
Succession Planning
Succession planning is a strategic process wherein organizations identify and develop potential leaders to fill key business leadership positions in the future. It ensures that employees are recruited and developed to fill each key role within the company. Succession planning ensures that businesses continue to run smoothly after the company’s most vital people move on to new opportunities, retire, or pass away.
Benefits of Having a Formal Succession Planning System in an Organization:
Ensures Business Continuity: One of the primary benefits of succession planning is ensuring that the organization can continue its operations without disruption even
Assignment Set – 2
Describe competency mapping. Discuss the steps involved in competency mapping with a result of job evaluation. 10
Ans 4.
Competency Mapping
Competency mapping is a process of identifying key competencies for a particular job role and then using this information to develop job descriptions, performance evaluations, training programs, and other HR processes. Competencies can be understood as a combination of skills, knowledge, attitudes, and other attributes that contribute to job performance. Mapping these competencies helps in understanding the exact requirements of a role, ensuring that the right person is selected, trained, and assessed based on these identified competencies.
Steps Involved in Competency Mapping with a Result of Job Evaluation:
Job Analysis: Begin by thoroughly analyzing the job to understand its primary duties
Define wage and salary. What are the factors for effective wage administration? 3+7
Ans 5.
Wage and Salary: Definitions
Wage: Wages typically refer to the compensation paid to workers on an hourly basis for the services they provide. It’s often associated with blue-collar workers, temporary employees, or those who do not have salaried positions. The total amount a worker receives is contingent on the number of hours they work.
Salary: Salary is a fixed regular payment, typically paid monthly or biweekly but often expressed as an annual sum, made by an employer to an employee. It’s not
What is a workplace grievance, and why is it important for organizations to have a structured grievance procedure in place? 5+5
Ans 6.
Workplace Grievance:
A workplace grievance is a formal complaint raised by an employee towards an employer within the workplace. It can stem from any perceived injustice, violation, unfair treatment, or dissatisfaction an employee might experience in the course of their employment. Grievances can pertain to a variety of issues, including but not limited to:
1 Illustrate all the different types of Tenses. Give examples. 10
Ans 1.
Introduction:
Tenses are a fundamental aspect of grammar that convey the timing of actions or events in a sentence. They enable us to express whether an action is happening in the present, happened in the past, or will occur in the future. English grammar recognizes several different tenses, each serving a unique purpose. In this discussion, we will explore the major types of tenses and provide examples to illustrate their Its Half solved only
2 Definethe following and also give examples for each:
Noun
Pronoun
Conjunction
Preposition
Interjection
Ans 2.
Introduction
Language is a powerful tool for communication, and understanding its fundamental components is essential for effective expression. Among these components, nouns, pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections play pivotal roles. Nouns are words that represent people, places, things, or ideas, such as “dog,” “Paris,” or “freedom.” Pronouns, like “he,” “she,” or “it,” replace nouns to avoid repetition. Conjunctions, such as “and,” “but,” and “or,” connect words, phrases, or clauses in sentences. Prepositions, like “in,” “on,” and “under,” establish relationships between objects in space or time. Interjections, like “wow,” “ouch,” or “bravo,” convey
3 Illustrate the steps of making a flash card choosing any word of your choice. You may use diagrams.
Ans 3.
Introduction
Flashcards, known for their quintessential role in active recall learning, are simple yet remarkably effective educational tools that promote memory retention through repetitious exposure and testing. They’re widely employed in various educational settings, from elementary schools to professional development courses, aiding in the learning of languages, mathematics, science, and more. Essentially, a flashcard contains a cue or question on one side and the corresponding answer or information on the other, acting as a quick reference and self-testing tool. Creating a flashcard can be straightforward, yet it should be meticulously crafted to
SET-II
4 What are the different types of questions that can be asked from a Reading Comprehension? Explain.
Ans 4.
Introduction
Reading comprehension serves as a pivotal skill across various domains, intertwining an individual’s ability to understand, analyze, and assimilate information conveyed through text. This cognitive faculty isn’t merely about discerning words but involves a nuanced engagement with the text, synthesizing its meaning, and connecting it with existing knowledge. Assorted types of questions stemming from reading comprehension tasks are curated to assess diverse
5 Define Leadership. Explain the different types of leadership profiles.
Ans 5.
Definition of Leadership
Leadership is the act or practice of influencing, guiding, and empowering a group or team towards achieving common goals. It involves inspiring others, making strategic decisions, and creating an environment that fosters collaboration, innovation, and accomplishment. A good leader typically encompasses traits such as vision, integrity, empathy, resilience, and effective
6 Explain the four quadrants of the Johari Window in detail. Use your own examples.
Ans 6.
The Johari Window is a psychological tool developed by psychologists Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham in 1955. It’s designed to help individuals understand and improve their self-awareness and interpersonal relationships. The model divides information about a person into four quadrants, each representing a different aspect of their personality or self-concept. Let’s explore each quadrant in detail with
SESSION
AUG/Sept 2023
PROGRAM
BACHELOR of business administration (BBA)
SEMESTER
I
course CODE & NAME
DBB1102 – organizational behaviour
CREDITS
4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks
02
30 Marks each
Assignment Set – 1
Explain the Concept of Organizational Behaviour. Discuss the role of a manager in terms of Organizational Behaviour.
Ans 1.
Organizational Behaviour: An Overview
Organizational Behaviour (OB) is a multidisciplinary field that explores the dynamics of individuals, groups, and structures within an organizational context, with the objective to enhance organizational performance and develop better work environments. It amalgamates insights from psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics to understand, predict, and manage human behaviour in Its Half solved only
Define personality. Examine the various determinants of Personality.
Ans 2.
Personality Definition:
Personality is a complex construct that refers to the consistent and unique behavioral, emotional, and cognitive patterns exhibited by an individual. It’s a blend of traits, behaviors, motivations, and thoughts that persist over time and across situations, distinguishing one person from another. Personality encompasses the ways in which individuals interact with the world and process information, and it guides their
The organizational structure of any business enterprise is affected by several factors. Deliberate on those factors. 10
Ans 3.
The organizational structure of any business enterprise serves as the backbone that supports and guides its functions and processes. This structure is not arbitrarily designed; instead, it is sculpted by an array of factors that influence its formation and evolution, ensuring that the entity is well-equipped to navigate through the varied terrains of the business environment.
Nature and Size of the Business:
Assignment Set – 2
Define Stress. Highlight the major sources of stress.
Ans 1.
Definition of Stress
Stress, in psychological terms, is a feeling of emotional or physical tension that arises from any event or thought that makes an individual feel frustrated, angry, or nervous. It is essentially the body’s reaction to a challenge or demand, and can manifest in a variety of ways, influencing one’s mental, physical, and emotional states. Stress can be classified into two main types: acute stress, which is short-term and can be beneficial in certain situations (often referred to as “eustress”), and chronic stress, which
Explain the Sources of Conflict in an organization. Briefly discuss five different styles of conflict management.
Ans 2.
Sources of Conflict in an Organization
Conflict arises from various sources within an organization, as differing priorities, goals, and perspectives create discord among individuals or groups.
Competing Goals: Different departments or teams within an organization often have distinct goals. Sales teams may push for volume and customer acquisition, while production may prioritize efficiency and quality control, potentially causing friction.
Scarce Resources: Limited resources such as budgets, personnel, and materials frequently become points of contention, as
Explain the meaning and importance of a Group in an organization. Explain the stages of group development
Ans 3.
Meaning and Importance of a Group in an Organization
Meaning:
A group in an organizational context refers to a collection of individuals who interact and coordinate their efforts towards achieving a common goal or objective. Groups can be formal, where they are officially recognized and established by the organization with a defined purpose, or informal, where connections are built more spontaneously based on personal relationships or common interests.
Importance:
Synergy: Groups foster synergy where the
SESSION
Aug/sep 2023
PROGRAM
BACHELOR of business administration (BBA)
SEMESTER
I
course CODE & NAME
dBB1103 – Business Environment
CREDITS
4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks
02
30 Marks each
Assignment Set – 1
What are the key points to be understood in environmental analysis?
Ans 1.
Environmental analysis is a crucial component of strategic management and decision-making for businesses in today’s dynamic and complex global landscape. It involves the systematic assessment of various external factors that can impact an organization’s performance and competitive position. To understand environmental analysis comprehensively, several key points must be considered:
Environmental Scanning: Environmental analysis begins with environmental scanning, which is the process of collecting information about the external environment. This includes monitoring political, economic, Its Half solved only
“Knowingly do no harm” is a part of business ethics. What are the activities considered unethical in business ? 3+7
Ans 2.
Introduction
Business ethics is a crucial aspect of any organization’s operations, emphasizing moral values and principles that guide decision-making and behavior within the business environment. The principle of “knowingly do no harm” serves as a fundamental tenet of business ethics. It implies that businesses should strive to avoid causing harm to individuals, society, and the environment through their actions. Unfortunately, not all businesses adhere to this principle, and various activities are considered unethical due to their harmful consequences. In this essay, we will
What do you mean by Financial System? What are the main components of a financial system?
Ans 3.
Introduction
The financial system is a vital pillar of any economy, playing a crucial role in channeling funds from savers to borrowers and facilitating economic growth. It encompasses a complex web of institutions, markets, and intermediaries, all working together to ensure the efficient allocation of resources. This essay delves into the concept of the financial system and explores its main components.
Definition of Financial
Assignment Set – 2
How does foreign direct investment help in the acceleration of economy? How is FDI channelized in India?
Ans 4.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays a crucial role in accelerating the economy of a country by fostering economic growth, technological advancement, and employment generation. In the case of India, FDI has become increasingly important in recent years. This essay will discuss how FDI contributes to the acceleration of the economy and the channels through which it is channeled in
In what ways does the public sector help the government and the country?
Ans 5.
The public sector plays a crucial role in supporting the government and contributing to the overall development and well-being of a country. It serves as a key driver of economic growth, social welfare, and infrastructure development. In this essay, we will explore the various ways in which the public sector helps the government and the country.
Economic Stability:
Brief about the corporate social responsibility of business houses towards probable customers and human resource with suitable example.
Ans 6.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers to the ethical and responsible conduct of businesses towards society and the environment, beyond their primary goal of profit maximization. In the context of probable customers and human resources, businesses have certain responsibilities. Here is a brief explanation along with suitable examples:
Responsibility
SESSION
AUG/SEPT 2023
PROGRAM
BACHELOR of business administration (BBA)
SEMESTER
I
course CODE & NAME
DBB1104 – MARKETING MANAGEMENT
CREDITS
4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks
02
30 Marks each
Assignment Set – 1
List the strategies employed by marketers for decisions related to product mix. Briefly explain the factors influencing the product mix decision of a firm.
Ans 1.
In the context of marketing management, the product mix refers to the assortment of products or services offered by a firm. Marketers employ various strategies to make decisions related to the product mix, and these strategies are influenced by several factors. Here are some of the strategies and factors:
The societal marketing concept is considered as an extension to marketing concept. How will you justify the context of statement? Discuss in detail with suitable exampl
Ans 2.
The societal marketing concept is indeed an extension of the traditional marketing concept. While the traditional marketing concept primarily focuses on satisfying the needs and wants of consumers to generate profits for the company, the societal marketing concept takes it a step further. It considers not only the company’s profits but also the well-being of society and the environment. Here’s a
There are list of internal and external factors affecting pricing decisions. Interpret the statement and elaborate in detail with suitable examples.
Ans 3.
The statement “There are a list of internal and external factors affecting pricing decisions” refers to the various factors that an organization must consider when determining the price of its products or services. Pricing decisions are critical in marketing strategy as they directly impact a company’s revenue, profit margins, and overall competitiveness. These factors can be categorized into internal factors,
Assignment Set – 2
Define consumer behaviour. Describe in detail factors which determine consumer behaviour.
Ans 4.
Consumer Behavior Definition
Consumer behavior refers to the study of how individuals, groups, and organizations select, buy, use, and dispose of goods, services, ideas, or experiences to satisfy their needs and wants. It involves understanding the decision-making processes they undergo and the external and internal factors that
Define market segmentation. Describe the need for market segmentation.
Ans 5.
Definition of Market Segmentation:
Market segmentation refers to the practice of dividing a market into distinct subsets of consumers with common needs or characteristics and selecting one or more segments to target with a distinct marketing mix. These segments can be distinguished and grouped on various bases such as demographic, geographic, psychographic, and behavioral factors. The aim is to provide a more focused and tailored marketing approach that precisely caters to the distinct needs and wants
Integrated marketing communication requires rigorous planning and detailing of steps to develop strategy. Considering this statement, discuss the steps followed in developing an integrated promotion mix.
Ans 6.
Developing an integrated promotion mix involves careful planning and coordination of various marketing communication tools to ensure that a consistent and effective message is delivered to the target audience. Here are the steps typically followed in developing an integrated promotion mix:
Understand the Target Audience: The first step is to thoroughly understand the characteristics, needs, preferences, and behaviors of the target audience. This information will help in crafting messages that resonate
SESSION
Aug/Sep 2023
PROGRAM
BACHELOR of Business administration
SEMESTER
I
course CODE & NAME
DBB1105– Computer Fundamentals
Set – 1
Illustrate the architecture of a computer system and explain the functions of various units. 10
Ans 1.
Introduction
A computer system’s architecture is the blueprint that defines its structure and organization. It encompasses various hardware and software components working together to execute tasks and process information. Understanding this architecture is crucial to comprehend how computers function. This explanation will delve into the key concepts of a computer’s architecture, highlighting the Its Half solved only
Memory is a fundamental component of modern computing, serving as the repository for data and instructions that enable the functioning of electronic devices. Two primary categories of memory, volatile and non-volatile, play distinct roles in this ecosystem. Volatile memory is characterized by its temporary nature, storing data only as long as power is supplied, while non-volatile memory retains data even when power is disconnected. This distinction is critical in determining how data is
What is the difference between Input and Output Devices? 10
Ans 3.
Introduction
Input and output devices are essential components of computer systems that play distinct roles in the communication between humans and machines. Input devices are responsible for collecting data and user commands and transmitting them to the computer, while output devices convey processed information from the computer to the user. Understanding the differences between these two types of
Set – 2
Briefly explain the software development process. 10
Ans 1.
Introduction
The software development process is a systematic approach to creating software applications, encompassing various stages from conception to deployment. It is a crucial aspect of modern technology-driven industries, ensuring the delivery of functional and reliable software products. This process involves careful planning, design, coding, testing, and maintenance, with the ultimate goal of meeting user requirements and solving specific problems. In this brief overview, we will delve deeper into the concept of software development, exploring its core stages and methodologies before
Explain different stages in Software Testing. 10
Ans 2.
Introduction
Software testing is a critical phase in the software development life cycle that ensures the quality and reliability of a software product. It involves systematically evaluating a software application to identify defects, bugs, or issues that may affect its performance or functionality. The testing process is divided into several stages, each with its specific objectives and activities. These stages
Describe the various Computer Generations 10
Ans 3.
Introduction:
Computer generations refer to the different stages of development in computer technology, each characterized by distinct advancements in hardware, software, and computing capabilities. These generations have paved the way for the modern digital age, evolving from massive, room-sized machines to portable devices with immense processing power. In this discussion, we will delve into the concept of computer generations, exploring the key developments and innovations that have
1. The following data are available in a manufacturing company for a yearly period:
Fixed Expenses:
(Rs. Lakhs)
Wages & Salaries
9.50
Rent, rates, and taxes
6.60
Depreciation
7.40
Sundry administrative expenses
6.50
Semi- Variable Expenses (at 50% Capacity)
Maintenance and repairs
3.50
Indirect Labour
7.90
Sales department salaries
3.80
Sundry administrative expenses
2.80
Variable expenses (at 50% Capacity)
Materials
21.70
Labour
20.40
Other expenses
7.90
98.00
Assume that the fixed expenses remain constant for all levels of production, and semi-variable expenses remain constant between 45% and 65% of capacity, increasing by 10% between 65% and 80% capacity and by 20% between 80% and 100% capacity. Sales at various levels are:
50% Capacity
100 Lakhs
60% Capacity
120 Lakhs
75% Capacity
150 Lakhs
90% Capacity
180 Lakhs
100% Capacity
200 Lakhs
Prepare a flexible budget for the year and forecast the profits at 60%, 75% and 100% capacity.
ANS:To prepare a flexible budget for the year and forecast the profits at 60%, 75%, and 100% capacity, we need to calculate the expenses for each level of production and subtract them from the corresponding sales figures.
Let’s calculate the flexible budget and forecast the profits:
2. “The technique of marginal costing can be a valuable aid to management”. Examine the statement with respect to the application of marginal costing in decision-making.
ANS:The statement “The technique of marginal costing can be a valuable aid to management” is indeed true. Marginal costing, also known as variable costing, is a costing technique that separates fixed costs from variable costs and focuses on the impact of changes in production volume on costs and
3. “Analysis without interpretation is meaningless and interpretation without analysis is impossible”. Discuss in the light of above statement concept and significance of financial statement analysis.
ANS:The statement “Analysis without interpretation is meaningless and interpretation without analysis is impossible” emphasizes the inseparable relationship between analysis and interpretation. This principle applies to financial statement analysis, which involves the examination and evaluation
Assignment Set – 2
4. The following schedule shows the balance sheet in the condensed form of Machinery manufacturing company Ltd. at the end of the year 2022:
Assets
1-1-2023 (Rs.)
31-12-2023 (Rs.)
Cash and Bank Balance
90000
90000
Sundry debtors
67000
43000
Temporary investments
110000
74000
Prepaid expenses
1000
2000
Stock in trade
82000
106000
Land & Buildings
150000
150000
Machinery
52000
70000
552000
535000
Liabilities & Capital
Sundry creditors
103000
96000
Outstanding expenses
13000
12000
8% Debentures
90000
70000
Depreciation Fund
40000
44000
Reserve for contingencies
60000
60000
Profit & Loss Account
16000
23000
Capital
230000
230000
552000
535000
The following information concerning the transactions is available: –
ANS: To analyze the impact of the given transactions on the balance sheet of Machinery Manufacturing Company Ltd., let’s go through each transaction step by step:
10% dividend was paid in cash: This transaction affects the Cash and Bank Balance on the Assets side and the Profit & Loss Account on the Liabilities & Capital side. The Cash and Bank Balance will decrease by the amount of the dividend paid, and the Profit & Loss Account will decrease by the same amount.
New machinery for Rs. 30,000 was purchased, but old machinery costing Rs. 12,000 was sold for Rs. 4,000;
5. Describe the principle ratios which you consider significant while interpreting the published accounts of a company and explain the inferences which may be drawn from them.
ANS:When interpreting the published accounts of a company, several key financial ratios can provide valuable insights into its financial performance, stability, and efficiency.
Here are some
6. According to Kaplan and Norton “balanced scorecard is not a template to be applied to businesses in general or even industry wide. Businesses must devise customized scorecards to fit
ANS:According to Kaplan and Norton, the Balanced Scorecard is not a one-size-fits-all template, but rather a framework that businesses should customize to suit their specific market situations, product strategies, and competitive pressures. The Balanced Scorecard consists of four perspectives that provide a comprehensive view of a company’s performance.
Let’s explore these perspectives
SESSION
APRIL 2023
PROGRAM
BACHELOR of COMMERCE (B COM)
SEMESTER
II
course CODE & NAME
DCM1201 – Computer Awareness and Internet
CREDITS
4
Set – 1st
1. Illustrate the architecture of a computer system and explain the functions of various units?
ANS: The architecture of a computer system refers to its organization and structure, including the various components and their interactions.
The following is a high-level illustration of the architecture of a typical computer system, along with an explanation of the functions of its various units:
2. Discuss the different categories of peripheral devices along with their functionality
ANS: Peripheral devices are those devices that are linked either internally or externally to a computer. These devices are commonly used to transfer data. The most common processes that are carried out in a computer are entering data and displaying processed data. Several devices can be used to receive data and display processed data. The devices used to perform
3. Briefly explain the various types of number system
ANS: A number system is defined as a system of writing to express numbers. It is the mathematical notation for representing numbers of a given set by using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner. It provides a unique representation of every number and represents the arithmetic and algebraic structure of the figures.
Set – 2nd
4. Briefly explain software development process.
ANS: The software development process is a systematic approach to designing, creating, and maintaining software applications.
While specific methodologies and frameworks can vary, the general software development process typically involves the following phases:
5. Explain different stages in Software Testing.
ANS: Software testing involves the process of evaluating a software system or application to identify any defects, errors, or discrepancies between expected and actual results. The software testing process typically consists of several stages or phases, each serving a specific purpose.
6. Explain TCP/IP Protocol layers
ANS: The TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) protocol suite is a set of networking protocols that form the basis of the internet and many private networks. It consists of four layers, each serving a specific purpose in facilitating communication between devices.
Here’s an explanation of the TCP/IP protocol layers:
SESSION
April 2023
PROGRAM
BACHELOR of COMMERCE (B COM)
SEMESTER
II
course CODE & NAME
DCM1202 Marketing Management
CREDITS
4
Set – 1st
1. Explain the functions of Marketing.
Ans: It may be noted that a marketing function or operation may be performed either once or several times till the goods reach the final consumers either by the producer himself or by the middlemen. The various marketing functions can be classified into three categories.
2. What are the internal factors affecting a market? Explain in brief
Ans:Internal factors refer to elements within a company or organization that can influence the functioning and performance of a market. These factors can significantly impact the market dynamics, competitiveness, and success of a business.
Here are some key internal factors that affect a market:
3. Describe SWOT analysis with suitable example.
Ans:SWOT analysis is a strategic planning tool used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of a business or a specific project. It helps organizations identify internal factors that they can leverage and external factors they need to address to achieve their objectives.
Set – 2nd
1. What is pricing? Explain its importance
Ans: The Price of a product is not fixed and is dependent on several factors. Pricing decisions need to be taken by considering the profit margins for the company as well as the pricing fixed by competition. Price mix needs to take into account the base price, discounts or allowances as well as the cost of freight, financing, credit, etc.
2. What are the steps involved in buying a product? Explain
Ans: The process of buying a product typically involves several steps that customers go through before making a purchase decision.
While the specifics may vary depending on the product and individual preferences, here are the general steps involved in buying a product:-
3. What is green marketing? Why is it important
Ans: Green marketing, also known as sustainable marketing or environmental marketing, refers to the practice of promoting products or services that have environmentally friendly attributes or are produced using sustainable practices. It involves highlighting a company’s commitment to sustainability, environmental responsibility, and social consciousness to appeal to environmentally conscious consumers.
SESSION
April 2023
PROGRAM
BACHELOR of Commerce (BCom)
SEMESTER
I
course CODE & NAME
DCM1203 – Fundamentals of Accounting II
CREDITS
4
Assignment Set – 1
1. A. J, K and P are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:3:1 respectively. Mr. J died on 31st December 2021. Final amount due to her showed a credit balance of 1, 00,000. Pass journal entries if,
(a) The amount due is paid off immediately.
(b) The amount due is not paid immediately.
(c) ₹50, 000 is paid and the balance in future.
Ans: (a) When the amount due to Mr. J is paid off immediately:
Assuming that Mr. J’s capital account needs to be settled, the following journal entry is recorded:
Ans: The objectives of a partnership firm can vary depending on the specific goals and aspirations of the partners involved.
However, some common objectives of partnership firms include:
Profit Maximization: One of the primary objectives of a partnership firm is to generate profits and maximize returns for the partners. By pooling their resources, skills, and efforts,
2. Sameer and Yasmin are partners with capitals of ₹ 15, 00,000 and ₹ 10, 00,000 respectively. They agreed to share profits in the ratio of 3:2. The books are closed on March 31, every year. Show how the following transactions will be recorded in the capital accounts of the partners in case:
(i)The capitals are fixed, and
(ii) The capitals are fluctuating.
Particulars
Sameer
Yasmin
₹
₹
Capital contributed on 1st Oct 2019
3,00,000
2,00,000
Interest on capital
5 % P. a.
5 % P. a.
Drawings (during 2019-20)
30,000
20,000
Interest on drawings
1,800
1,200
Salary
20,000
Commission
10,000
7,000
Share in Profit for the year 19-20
60,000
40,000
Ans: (i) Recording transactions with fixed capitals:
Capital contributed on 1st Oct 2019:
Sameer’s Capital Account:
Capital ₹3, 00,000
To Cash Account ₹3, 00,000
Yasmin’s Capital Account:
Capital ₹2, 00,000
To Cash Account ₹2, 00,000
.
(ii) Recording transactions with fluctuating capitals:
Capital contributed on 1st Oct 2019:
Sameer’s Capital Account:
Capital ₹3, 00,000
To Cash Account ₹3, 00,000
Yasmin’s Capital Account:
Capital ₹2, 00,000
To Cash Account ₹2, 00,000
3. A. Describe the distinction between dissolution of a firm and dissolution of a partnership.
Ans: The terms “dissolution of a firm” and “dissolution of a partnership” are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings in the context of business partnerships.
Let’s explore the differences:
3. B. P, Q, and R are business partners who split profits in a 3:2:1 ratio. When Q retired, his portion was split evenly between P and R. Calculate P and R’s new profit-sharing ratio.
Ans: Initially, the profit-sharing ratio between P, Q, and R is 3:2:1.
Let’s assume the total profits as “x”:-
So, P’s share = (3/6) * x = (1/2) * x
Assignment Set – 2
4. A. Explain the differences between Departments and Branches
Ans:
Departments:
Definition: Departments are functional units within an organization that are responsible for specific activities or functions. They are typically organized based on the different areas of expertise or tasks performed within the company.
4. B. Pass the journal entries in books of Lessee for the following cases.
When the royalty is payable
For payment to landlord
Transferring royalty to P/L A/C
When short working is recouped
Transfer irrecoverable short working transfer to P/L A/c
Ans: When the royalty is payable:
Royalty Expense A/C Dr.
To Royalty Payable A/C
5. Shree Traders of Gujrat purchased 10,000 sarees @ ₹ 100 per saree. Out of these, 6000 sarees were sent on consignment to Nirmala Traders of Kolkata at the selling price of ₹ 120 per saree. The consignors paid ₹ 3,000 for packing and freight.
Nirmala Traders sold 5,000 sarees @ ₹ 125 per saree and incurred ₹ 1,000 for selling expenses and remitted ₹ 5,00,000 to Shree Gujrat on account. They are entitled to a commission of 5% on total sales plus a further of 25% commission on any surplus price realized over ₹ 120 per saree.
3,000 sarees were sold at Gujrat @ ₹ 110 per saree.
Owing to fall in market price, the value of stock of saree in hand is to be reduced by 5%. You are required to prepare
(i) Consignment Account, and
ii) Nirmala Traders Account in the book of consignor.
Ans: (i) Consignment Account in the books of Shree Traders, the Consignor: Consignment Account
Particulars | Amount (₹)
To Goods sent on |
Consignment to Nirmala | 1, 20,000
Traders (6000 sarees) |
6. Explain the Features of Joint Ventures.
Ans: Features of Joint Venture:-
Now, we shall go through some of the crucial features of joint ventures that are as follows:
Agreement: Two or more firms agree to undertake a business, for a definite purpose and are bound by it.
• Joint Control: The business assets, operations, administration and the venture itself exist under the joint control of the co-venturers.
• Pooling of resources and expertise: Firms pool their resources like capital, workforce,
SESSION
April 2022
PROGRAM
BACHELOROFCOMMERCE(BCOM)
SEMESTER
II
COURSECODE&NAME
DCM1204– BUSINESS LAW
CREDITS
4
Assignment Set – 1st
1. Discussthe remedies which are available to an aggrieved party in case of a breach of contract?
ANS: When a breach of contract occurs, the aggrieved party typically has a range of remedies available to seek redress for the harm suffered. The specific remedies that may be pursued can depend on various factors, such as the nature of the breach, the terms of the contract, and the governing law.
Here are some common remedies for breach of contract:
A brief description of the essentials of a valid contract is given below. A detailed explanation follows in the subsequent units.
1. Minimum two parties: At least two parties are necessary to form a contract because one person cannot enter into a contract with himself. To form a contract, one party has to make an offer and the other must accept it. The person who makes the “proposal” or offer is called the
3. “If you do not register your partnership firm you will be deprived of certain benefits”. With reference to this statement, discuss the effects of non-registration of a partnership firm.
ANS: The effects of non-registration of a partnership firm can vary depending on the jurisdiction, as different countries may have different legal requirements and regulations regarding partnership registration.
However, in general, there are several common effects of non-registration that are worth considering:
Assignment Set – 2nd
4. Discuss the different types of cyber-crimes which are committed?
ANS:Cyber-crime refers to criminal activities that are conducted through digital or computer networks, targeting individuals, organizations, or computer systems. The field of cyber-crime is vast and constantly evolving as technology advances.
Here are some of the different types of cyber-crimes that are commonly committed:
5. Discuss the different provisions laid down in District Forum, State Commission and National Commission.
ANS:
A brief description of some of the important laws is given below.
A more detailed description will be dealt with in the ensuing units.
The Sale of Goods Act, 1930 This Act governs the contracts relating to Sale of Goods. It deals with the contracts for sale of movable property like vehicles, furniture etc. The Act has prescribed rules and provisions pertaining to modes of transferring movable goods. It contains provisions stipulating the rights and duties of buyers and sellers, as well as the means by which they can enforce the same. The need for a separate law governing contracts
6. Discuss the duties of the conciliation officer? State the difference between strike, lockout and layoff.
ANS: The duties of a conciliation officer typically arise in the context of labor and employment disputes. Their role is to facilitate the resolution of conflicts between employers and employees through conciliation or mediation.
Here are some of the key duties of a
SESSION
April 2023
PROGRAM
BACHELOR of COMMERCE (B.COM.)
SEMESTER
II
course CODE & NAME
DCM1205FUNDAMENTALS OF ENTERPRENEURSHIP &INNOVATION
CREDITS
4
Set – 1st
1. Discuss in detail the different leadership styles.
Ans:
Different leadership styles
1. Autocratic Leadership Style Autocratic Style can be illustrated with the phrase “Do as I Say”. Autocratic leaders think that they are the smartest people and they know better than others.
That is why they do not take any suggestions from their team members, they just pass the orders. This can be also known as the command-and-control approach. A leader can use this style when a crucial decision has to be taken. Some examples of autocratic leadership include
2. Describe the meaning and concept of Entrepreneurial Behaviour.
Ans: Entrepreneurial behaviour refers to the actions, attitudes, and mind-set exhibited by individuals who engage in entrepreneurial activities. It involves a unique set of characteristics and actions that drive individuals to identify opportunities, take risks, and create innovative solutions to meet market needs.
Entrepreneurial behaviour encompasses various aspects of an entrepreneur’s mind-set
3. Define Entrepreneur. Also, provide an overview of the types of entrepreneurs as classified by Clarence H. Danhof based on their motives and objectives.
Ans: An entrepreneur is an individual who initiates and manages a business venture, taking on financial risks in the hope of earning profits. Entrepreneurs are characterized by their ability to identify opportunities, innovate, organize resources, and undertake calculated risks to create and grow successful businesses.
Clarence H. Danhof, a renowned economist, classified entrepreneurs into four types
Set – 2nd
1. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages attached to Venture Capital Funding.
Ans: Venture capital funding can provide significant advantages and opportunities for start-ups and entrepreneurs. However, it also comes with certain disadvantages and considerations.
Let’s discuss both the advantages and disadvantages of venture capital funding:-
Advantages of Venture Capital Funding:-
2. “PESTLE analysis is a useful tool for understanding the ‘big picture’ of the business environment in which an entrepreneur is planning to operate”. Explain the statement.
Ans: The statement emphasizes that PESTLE analysis is a valuable tool for entrepreneurs to gain a comprehensive understanding of the broader business environment in which they intend to operate. PESTLE analysis examines various external factors that can significantly impact the success and operations of a business.
Let’s break down the statement and explain its meaning:
3. Analyze the contents of a well-structured Project Report.
Ans: A well-structured project report typically includes the following key components:
Title Page: The title page provides basic information about the project, such as the project title, the name of the organization or institution, the name of the author or group members, and the date of submission.
Executive Summary: The executive summary provides an overview of the entire project
SESSION
APRIL 2023
PROGRAM
B.com
SEMESTER
II
course CODE & NAME
DCM1206 – ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT IN INDIA
CREDITS
4
Set – 1st
1. What are the stages of planning in India? Also discuss the objectives of Planning in India.
Ans: In India, the process of planning involves several stages. The primary stages of planning in India are: Formulation of Plans: This stage involves the formulation of national plans, such as the Five-Year Plans, which outline the economic and social development goals for the country.
Plan Appraisal: Once the plans are formulated, they undergo a comprehensive appraisal process. The proposed plans are reviewed, analysed, and evaluated by experts to assess their
2. Discuss the significance of Capital formation. What are the types of productivity ratios.
Ans: Capital formation refers to the process of increasing the stock of real capital in an economy by channelling savings and investments into productive assets. It is a critical driver of economic growth and development.
Here are the key significances of capital formation:
Economic Growth: Capital formation plays a fundamental role in stimulating economic
3. Discuss in detail the different types of reforms which came up in India as a result of Liberalisation.
Ans: Liberalization refers to the relaxation of government regulations and controls on economic activities with the aim of promoting economic growth, efficiency, and competitiveness. In India, the process of liberalization began in the early 1990s and brought about significant reforms in various sectors.
Set – 2nd
1. Discuss the role of public sector in Economic development.
Ans: The public sector plays a crucial role in the economic development of a country. It refers to the part of the economy that is owned, controlled, and operated by the government.
Here are the key roles of the public sector in economic development:
Infrastructure Development: The public sector plays a vital role in developing and maintaining essential infrastructure such as transportation networks, power generation and
2. Write a short note on – Issue of Privatization. Also discuss the problems faced by the public sector in India.
Ans: Privatization refers to the process of transferring ownership, control, and management of public sector enterprises or assets to the private sector. It involves the sale or transfer of government-owned businesses, industries, or infrastructure to private entities.
Privatization is often undertaken with the aim of improving efficiency, promoting
3. Discuss in detail the importance of transportation in Indian scenario.
Ans: Transportation plays a crucial role in the economic development and social well-being of India. Given its vast geographical expanse, diverse population, and growing economy, efficient transportation systems are essential for connecting people, goods, and resources across the country.
Here are some key points highlighting the importance of transportation in the Indian
ASSIGNMENT
SESSION
Aprl 2023
PROGRAM
BACHELOR of COMMERCE (B COM)
SEMESTER
III
course CODE & NAME
bUSINESS cOMMUNICATION& DCM2101
CREDITS
4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks
0230 Marks each
Set – 1
1. “Informal communication network is not just for idle rumors and may be useful in many ways.” Justify.
Ans 1.
Informal communication networks, often referred to as the “grapevine,” have been traditionally associated with rumors, gossip, and misinformation. However, this perception can be misleading as it underestimates the potential of these networks to contribute to the organizational communication system positively. While it’s true that informal communication can at times proliferate rumors, its advantages are manifold, ranging from fostering
2. Explain the different types of verbal and non-verbal communication.
Ans 2.
Communication may be divided into two types, they are:
• Verbal communication
• Non-verbal communication
Let us briefly discuss these two types of communication.
• Verbal communication– This type of communication occurs with the help of words. It
3. Explain the principles of letter writing.
Ans 3.
Principles of writing business letters
Business letters are used primarily to communicate with external stakeholders such as consumers, intermediaries, government and bankers. The principles of business letter writing are somewhat different from the principles of writing general letters. Business letters are
Set – 2
1. What are the different components of a resume? Explain.
Ans 1.
Components of Resumes
Irrespective of the type of resume, all resumes must have the same basic information or standard components. Figure depicts the various components of a resume.
Resume Components
• Basic data– This includes the name, address, telephone number, and email id. The information provided must allow a prospective employer to reach you easily. If you are still
2. Explain the techniques that you can follow to write a report in a convincing manner, so that the reader accepts them as valid and reliable.
Ans 2.
Reports must also be written in a convincing manner, so that the reader accepts them as valid and reliable. Some suggested techniques to achieve them are:
• State the facts in an objective manner – Avoid using superlatives and emotional terms that introduce bias in the research or that suggest that you are passing judgment. For example,
3. What are the various visual aids that speakers can use in their presentation?
Ans 3.
Using visual aids to support presentations
The use of visual aids enhances the effectiveness of a presentation and involves the audience more than a pure oral presentation. As the saying goes, “A picture is worth a thousand words”. Several studies have indicated that presentations made with visual support have been
ASSIGNMENT
SESSION
MarCh 2023
PROGRAM
BACHELOR of Commerce (BCOM)
SEMESTER
III
course CODE & NAME
DCM2102 – Financial management
CREDITS
4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks
0230 Marks each
Assignment Set – 1
1. Explain the functions of a financial manager in any organization.
Ans 1.
Functions of a financial manager
A finance manager is a person who is responsible for carrying out the functions of a finance department.
The main functions of finance managers:
Organization of Finance Function
Raising of Funds:
This is a very important function of the finance manager. He has to plan for raising funds as
2. Calculate the present value of the following cash flows assuming a discount rate of 10% per annum.
Year
Cash flows [₹]
1
10000
2
20000
3
30000
4
40000
5
50000
Ans 2.
The present value (PV) of future cash flows can be calculated using the formula:
PV = CF / (1 + r)^n
where:
PV is the present value
CF is the cash flow in the future
r is the discount rate
3. Explain the significance of the concept of cost of capital. Discuss different component of cost of capital with example.
Ans 3.
Significance of cost of capital
The concept of cost of capital is used frequently in taking financial decisions such as investment, financing, credit decisions etc. Let us understand the significance for each of them.
1. Investment Decisions: When a firm has to evaluate an investment opportunity it uses the cost of capital for discount the cash flows expected from the project over its life time. Even if
Assignment Set – 2
1. What are the sources of finance? Discuss the short term and long term sources of finance for the firm.
Ans 1.
Sources of finance
The world is well aware of the importance of good financial managers. As a result, there is abundant advice on how to become a financial manager. Financial management is a blend of art and science through which the important decisions are taken: what to invest in, how to finance it, and how to combine the two in order to maximise some
3. What is Working capital management? Discuss various factors that affect working capital requirement?
Ans 3.
Working capital management
The effort of management which goes towards effective management of current assets and current liabilities is termed as working capital management (WCM). It is the difference between current assets and current liabilities. In other words, efficient WCM means ensuring sufficient liquidity in the business to be able to meet day-to-day expenses and short term
SESSION
April 2023
PROGRAM
BACHELOR of COMMERCE (B COM)
SEMESTER
III
course CODE & NAME
DCM2103 Cost Accounting
CREDITS
4
NUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks
0230 Marks each
1a. Discuss the classification of cost on the basis of elements.
Ans 1a.
Classification of Costs on the Basis of Elements
Costs can be classified into different categories based on various elements or components that contribute to their overall composition. The classification of costs on the basis of elements provides insights into the nature and structure of costs incurred by businesses. Here are the main elements used to classify Its Half solved only
A good wage system plays a crucial role in attracting, motivating, and retaining talented employees while ensuring fairness and productivity within an organization. Here are the key features of a good wage system:
Competitiveness: A good wage system should be competitive in relation to the industry
Q2. The following information is in respect of Material.
Re-order quantity = 3000 units
Re-order period = 4 – 6 weeks
Maximum Consumption = 800 units per week
Normal consumption = 600 units per week
Minimum consumption = 500 units per week
Emergency Re- order period = 2 weeks
Calculate: (a). Re-order level (b) Minimum Level (c) Maximum Level (d) Average stock level (e) Danger Level
To calculate the various levels of stock for the given material, we can use the following formulas:
(a) Re-order level = Maximum consumption × Re-order period
(b) Minimum level = Minimum consumption × Re-order period
(c) Maximum level = Maximum consumption × (Re-order period + Emergency re-order
3a. a. Discuss the functional classification of overhead.
b. Explain the meaning &features of job costing.
Answer 3a:
Overhead costs represent the ongoing business expenses that are not directly attributed to creating a product or service. Being an integral part of operations, overheads are inherent in every business, irrespective of the industry or nature of the enterprise. Their classification allows for a comprehensive understanding of business expenditure, aiding in effective cost management and optimal resource utilization
Set – 2
Q1. M Ltd. produced and sold are 5000 units @ ₹ 25 per unit. From given data prepare cost sheet with per unit.
Answer:
A cost sheet is a statement that shows the various components of total cost for a product and all the incurred costs according to their categories. Given your provided data, let’s prepare the cost sheet:
Particulars
Total Cost (₹)
Cost per Unit (₹)
Direct Costs
2a. Explain the advantages of cost accounting.
Ans 2a.
Cost accounting is a valuable tool that provides businesses with numerous advantages. It involves analyzing, tracking, and recording all costs associated with the production of goods or services. By implementing effective cost accounting practices, organizations can make informed decisions, improve efficiency, and enhance profitability. Below are some of the key
b. Q Ltd. produces a product involving 2 distinct processes of manufacture. The identical units are introduced in process A and the entire output is transferred to process B.
From the following particulars prepare the relevant process accounts.
There was no opening or closing stock in process A and process B. Works overheads are absorbed @ 40% of Direct labour in all processes. There were no spoiled units in any process.
Ans 2b.
The process accounts for Process A and Process B can be prepared as follows:
Process A Account:
Particulars
₹
₹
To Materials (10560 units introduced)
263950
3a. Explain any 3 types of operating costing.
Ans 3a.
There are 3 types of operating costing
Transport costing
Power and distribution costing
Boiler house costing
1. Transport costing: The costing in the transport industry meets multiple objectives.
These objectives can be segregated as follows by the type of transport service an organisation
3b. Explain the need of reconciliation of costing records and financial records.
Ans 3b.
The reconciliation of costing records and financial records is a critical process in business accounting. Costing records refer to the records that capture the cost of production or provision of goods and services, while financial records encompass the overall financial transactions and statements of a company. Reconciling these two sets of records is essential
1. (a) Discuss limitations of Statistics. Also summarize how Statistics is useful in accountancy and auditing.
Ans 1 (a).
Statistics with all its wide application in every sphere of human activity has its own limitations. Some of them are given below.
1. Statistics is not suitable to the study of qualitative phenomenon: Since statistics is basically a science and deals with a set of numerical data, it is applicable to the study of only these subjects of enquiry, which can be expressed in terms of quantitative measurements. As
(b) Calculate the mean of the following frequency distribution:
X 2 4 6 8 10
F 1 4 6 4 1
Ans:
The mean (or average) of a frequency distribution can be calculated by multiplying each value of the variable by its corresponding frequency, summing those products, and then dividing by the total frequency.
Given the frequency distribution:
X: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 F: 1, 4, 6, 4, 1
2. (a) Describe requisites of a good measure of dispersion.
Ans 2(a)
A good measure of dispersion should meet certain prerequisites to adequately fulfill its purpose. Here are the major requirements:
1. Robustness: A useful measure of dispersion should be less susceptible to extreme values, and therefore not dramatically change when outliers are introduced or removed. It should give a fair representation of the data’s spread irrespective of such
(b) Demonstrate the uses of Regression Analysis? Give five examples where the use of regression analysis can beneficially be made.
Ans 2b.
The term “regression” is used to denote estimation or prediction of the average value of one variable for a specified value of the other variable. The estimation is done by means of suitable equations, derived on the basis of available bivariate data. Such an equation is known as regression equation and its geometrical representation is called regression
3.(a) Explain various methods of Secular Trends.
Ans 3(a)
Secular trends refer to long-term patterns or shifts in a given set of data. These trends are often used in economics, demography, finance, and many other fields to forecast future outcomes or interpret historical patterns. There are various methods of identifying and analyzing secular trends,
(b) Describe t-test and assumptions related to this test?
Ans 3(b)
The t-test is a statistical hypothesis test that allows researchers to compare the means of two groups to determine if they are significantly different from each other. It is based on the Student’s t-distribution, a probability distribution that is used when the sample size is small or when the population standard deviation is unknown.
Set – 2
1. Interpret the meaning of tabulation? Illustrate the requisites of a standard table and analyse the main purposes of tabulation?
Ans 1.
Tabulation, in the realm of data processing, is the systematic arrangement of data in rows and columns. It involves presenting complex data in a simple, concise, and easy-to-understand format that is accessible to non-specialists. A tabulated data set assists in visualizing patterns, trends, and discrepancies in the information and is vital for decision-
2. Describe errors in hypothesis testing. Compare the major differences between type-I error and type-II error.
In the realm of hypothesis testing, errors are an intrinsic part of the process, affecting the validity of the results. Hypothesis testing is a statistical method used to make inferences or draw conclusions about populations based on sample data. Despite its widespread application across numerous disciplines, there are inherent uncertainties involved. These uncertainties result in errors, most notably known as Type I and Type II errors. These errors are not due to
3. (a) Discuss the problems that are involved in construction of index numbers.
Ans 3(a)
Index numbers are statistical measures designed to represent changes in a variable or a group of related variables over time. They are vital tools for economists, policymakers, and businesses, allowing them to track economic trends, inflation rates, or the performance of specific industries. Despite their crucial role, the construction of index numbers is fraught
(b) What do you mean by report? Describe characteristics of an ideal report.
Ans 3(b)
A report is a structured document that presents detailed information on a particular topic in a clear and concise manner. It’s typically the outcome of an investigation or research and aims to inform, analyze, or recommend a course of
SESSION
April 2023
PROGRAM
BACHELOR OF Commerce
SEMESTER
III
course CODE & NAME
DCM2105–Financialstatement interpretation
CREDITS
4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks
0230 Marks each
Q1a. “Analysis without interpretation is meaningless and interpretation without analysis is impossible”. Discuss in light ofthe above statement concept and the significance of financial statement analysis.
Ans 1a.
Financial statement analysis is the process of examining and evaluating a company’s financial statements for the purpose of making better economic decisions. These decisions can involve deciding whether to invest in the business, lend to it, or even work for it. Financial statement analysis may seem like a purely mathematical exercise with unambiguous outcomes, but the statement “Analysis without interpretation is meaningless, and interpretation without analysis
Q1b. Explain the Components of the Income statement as per the revised Schedule III of the Companies act 2013.
Ans 1b.
The Companies Act 2013 requires all companies in India to prepare and present their financial statements in accordance with the schedule III of the act. The Income Statement or Statement of Profit and Loss, as per the revised Schedule III, consists of several components:
Revenue: This includes revenue from operations, which can be from the sale of goods or the
Q2. Following is the financial statement of Garima Ltd. Prepare the cash flow statement.
Particulars
Note No.
31st March 2022
31st March 2021
(₹)
(₹)
I) Equity and Liabilities
1. Shareholders’ Funds
a) Share capital
1
4,40,000
2,80,000
b) Reserve and surplus-Surplus
2
40,000
28,000
2. Current Liabilities
a) Trade payables
1,56,000
56,000
c) Short-term provisions
12,000
4,000
(Provision for taxation)
Total
6,48,000
3,68,000
II) Assets
1. Non-current assets
a) Fixed assets
i) Tangible
3,64,000
2,00,000
2. Current assets
a) Inventories
1,60,000
60,000
b) Trade receivables
80,000
20,000
c) Cash and cash equivalents
28,000
80,000
d) Other current assets
16,000
8,000
Total
6,48,000
3,68,000
Notes to Accounts
Particulars
31st March 2022
31st March 2021
(₹)
(₹)
1. Share capital
a) Equity share capital
3,00,000
2,00,000
b) Preference share capital
1,40,000
80,000
4,40,000
2,80,000
2. Reserve and surplus
Surplus in statement of profit and loss at the beginning of the year
28,000
—–
Add: Profit of the year
16,000
—–
Less: Dividend
4,000
—–
Profit at the end of the year
40,000
—–
Additional Information:
1. Interest paid on debenture ₹ 600
2. Dividend paid during the year ₹ 4,000
3. Depreciation charged during the year ₹ 32,000
Answer:
To prepare a cash flow statement, we typically need to break it down into three sections: Operating Activities, Investing Activities, and Financing Activities. We can start by calculating net cash flow from each of these activities.
Cash Flow from Operating Activities:
Start with the net profit for the year: ₹16,000
Q3. Prepare a schedule for changes in the working capital from the Balance sheet data given below:
Dec 2020 (Rs.)
Dec 2021 (Rs.)
Capital & Liabilities:
Share Capital
6,00,000
7,50,000
Trade creditors
2,12,000
1,40,000
Profit & Loss A/c
28,000
62,000
8,40,000
9,52,000
Assets:
Machinery
140,000
2,00,000
Stock-in-trade
2,42,000
2,72,000
Debtors
3,62,000
3,40,000
Cash
96,000
1,40,000
Total
8,40,000
9,52,000
Answer:
A schedule of changes in working capital can be prepared by calculating the working capital for each year and then finding the change from the previous year.
Working capital is typically calculated as Current Assets minus Current Liabilities.
From the provided Balance Sheet, we can identify Current Assets as:
Stock-in-trade
Debtors
Assignment Set – 2
4a. PQR Ltd. prepared and presented the financial statements for the financial year ending 31st March 2021. However, the company omitted ‘notes to accounts’ in its financial statements. You are required to comment on the validity of financial statements.
Ans 4a.
The omission of ‘notes to accounts’ in financial statements can be considered as a significant omission and affects the overall validity of the financial statements.
Notes to accounts, or footnotes, are integral components of financial statements because they provide detailed explanations of the numbers presented in the primary statements (i.e., the
4b. ₹ 4,00,000 is the cost of revenue from operations, inventory turnover is 5 times, stock at the beginning is 1.5 times of the stock at the end. Calculate the value of opening and closing stock.
Ans 4b.
Calculate the value of opening and closing stock using the provided information:
First, understand that the inventory turnover ratio is calculated as the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) divided by Average Inventory during the period. Here, we have the turnover ratio and COGS, but we also know that opening inventory is 1.5 times closing inventory.
Given:
COGS (Cost of revenue from operations) = ₹ 4,00,000
Q5a. State different techniques of earnings management.
Ans 5a.
Techniques of Earning Management
There are three types of techniques in earnings management they are:
· Aggressive & Abusive Accounting- Alludes to the quick increase in revenue recognition or sales. Abusive accounting uses the cookie jar, a huge bath, and other items to indicate that the year had a high
Q6. From the following Balance sheet of a concern for the year 2021 and 2022. Prepare a comparative Balance sheet and comment on the financial position of the concern:
Liabilities
2021
2022
Assets
2021
2022
Equity Share capital
6,00,000
8,00,000
Land & Buildings
3,70,000
2,70,000
Reserves & Surplus
3,30,000
2,22,000
Plant & machinery
4,00,000
6,00,000
Debentures
2,00,000
3,00,000
Furniture & Fixtures
20,000
25,000
Long-term loans on mortgage
1,50,000
2,00,000
Other fixed assets
25,000
30,000
Bills payable
50,000
45,000
Cash in hand and bank
20,000
80,000
Sundry creditors
1,00,000
1,20,000
Bills receivable
1,50,000
90,000
Other current Liabilities
5,000
10,000
Sundry Debtors
2,00,000
2,50,000
Stock
2,50,000
3,50,000
Prepaid Expenses
2,000
Total
14,35,000
16,97,000
Total
14,35,000
16,97,000
Ans 6.
Here’s the comparative balance sheet for the years 2021 and 2022:
2021
2022
Increase/Decrease
Percentage change
LIABILITIES
Equity Share capital
600,000
800,000
200,000
33.33%
Reserves & Surplus
330,000
222,000
-108,000
-32.73%
Debentures
200,000
300,000
100,000
50%
Long-term loans on mortgage
150,000
200,000
50,000
33.33%
Bills payable
50,000
45,000
-5,000
-10%
Sundry creditors
100,000
120,000
20,000
20%
Other current Liabilities
5,000
10,000
5,000
100%
SESSION
MARCH 2023
PROGRAM
MASTER OF COMMERCE (M.COM.)
SEMESTER
I
COURSE CODE & NAME
DCM 6106-FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING & REPORTING
CREDITS
4
NUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS &MARKS
0230 Marks each
Assignment Set – 1
1.From the following information, create income statement and balance sheet of Sriram ltd. on 31st March 2021
Amount
Particulars Amount Particulars
Capital 207100 Cash at Bank 26000
Drawing 7000 Salaries 8000
Plant &Machine 120000 Repairs 1900
Delivery vehicle 26000 Opening Stock 16000
sundry debtors 36000 Rent 4500
Manufacturing
Sundry creditors 26000 Expenses 1500
Purchases 20000 Bills Payable 23500
Sales 42000 Bad debts 5000
Carriage
Wages 8000 Inwards 1600
Additional Information:
1. Closing stock wasRs.16000
2. Depreciate Plant & Machine @10% and Delivery vehicle@20%
3. Unpaid rent amounted toRs.1000
4. Provision for Bad debt is to be made at 10% 5+5 10
Ans: Based on the information provided, we can construct the Income Statement (Profit & Loss Account) and Balance Sheet of Sriram Ltd. for the year ending 31st March 2021. Please note that depreciation is treated as an expense on the income statement, reducing the company’s profit, and is also used to reduce the book value of the asset on the balance sheet. Provisions
2. Elaborate the conceptual framework of accounting as per qualitative characteristics and justify its necessity of adopting
Asn 2.
The conceptual framework of accounting is a set of principles that provides a coherent and consistent foundation for financial reporting. It’s a system of interconnected objectives and fundamentals that should lead to consistent standards. Essentially, it describes the fundamental concepts that underpin the preparation and presentation of financial statements
3. a) State the principles and method of recognizing Investment in Associate and Joint Venture in consolidated Financial Statements.
Ans:
Investments in associates and joint ventures are recognized under the equity method in consolidated financial statements according to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).
b) List disclosure of consolidated Financial Statements.
Ans:
The preparation and disclosure of consolidated financial statements are essential for ensuring transparency and providing a complete picture of a parent company’s overall health, including its subsidiaries. Here are some of the key components and disclosures typically included in
Assignment Set – 2
4. a) List out reporting areas that may be relevant to a particular company or organization when considering matters related to Corporate Responsibility (CR) in financial reporting.
Ans:
Corporate Responsibility (CR), also known as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), is a self-regulating business model that helps a company be socially accountable to itself, its stakeholders, and the public. It encompasses not only what companies do with their profits,
b) Explain is there any difference between the Impairment and Depreciation of Non -Current Assets.?
Difference between impairment and depreciation of non-current assets
Depreciation: This refers to the gradual reduction in the value of a non-current, tangible asset over its useful life. It reflects the wear and tear or obsolescence of an asset due to regular
5. Write short note on:
1. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).
Ans:
The IFRS addresses International Financial Reporting Standards are the rules and rules which every business entity needs to follow to guarantee their money-related reports are obvious with different firms all through the worldwide; these norms pick the way wherein the business
2. Triple Bottom Line
Ans:
The term triple bottom line concern acknowledges that associations should zero in on focusing as much on amicable and regular concerns as they do on benefits. TBL theory sets that there should be three: advantage, people, and the planet instead of one essential worry.
There are three types of employee benefits that are short term benefits, long-term benefits, and post-employment benefits.
A. Short term employee benefits:
4. Elements of Financial Statement.
Ans:
A Financial Statement comprises five primary elements that define a company’s financial health.
Assets: These are the resources owned by a company, including tangible items like property, equipment, and inventories, and intangibles such as patents, trademarks, and goodwill.
Liabilities: These are the company’s financial obligations or debts, like loans, accounts
6. “Integrated Reporting (IR) recognizes six comprehensive classifications of capital that organizations utilise to fulfil the demands of different stakeholders, including financial, human, social and relationship, manufactured, intellectual, and natural capitals”. Explain all the capitals involved as per integrated reporting in detail with examples.
Ans: Integrated Reporting (IR) is a novel approach to corporate reporting that seeks to provide a more holistic view of an organisation’s value creation process. It acknowledges the multi-dimensional nature of value and recognises six capitals that organisations employ.
Financial Capital: This is the money that an organisation needs to run its operations. It includes funds obtained through financing, such as debt, equity, or internally generated
The 14 principles of management were developed by Henri Fayol, a French engineer in the 19th and early 20th century, who is considered one of the forefathers of modern management theory. These principles offer a framework for managers to understand and apply in their management practices.
Division of Work: Specialization allows workers to improve their skills and
2. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Enterprise Function.
Ans 2.
Enterprise function refers to the various major operational segments of a business, such as finance, marketing, production, human resources, and so on. These functions form the backbone of any organization and contribute towards its functioning, performance, and growth.
The advantages and disadvantages of enterprise functions:
3. Explain the importance of control in an organisation.
Ans 3.
Control is an essential aspect of organizational management that plays a crucial role in achieving the desired objectives and ensuring the efficient functioning of the organization. It involves monitoring, evaluating, and regulating various processes and activities within the organization to ensure they align with the predetermined goals
Assignment Set – 2
4. “Perception is perhaps the most important aspect of OB that we use in our daily life and in management.” Comment.
Ans 4.
“Perception” is an individual’s way of interpreting, understanding, and making sense of their environment and interactions. The term “organizational behavior” (OB) refers to the study of individuals and their behavior within the context of organizations in a workplace setting. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes sociology, psychology, communication, and
5. Explain the Goleman’s model of Emotional Intelligence (EI).
Ans 5.
Daniel Goleman’s model of Emotional Intelligence (EI) is one of the best-known models in this field. In his 1995 book “Emotional Intelligence – Why it can matter more than IQ”, Goleman proposed that Emotional Intelligence comprises five core competencies: self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills.
Self-Awareness: This is the ability to recognize and understand personal moods and
6. Differentiate between the Positive consequences and Negative consequences as an outcome of conflict.
Ans 6.
Positive consequences and negative consequences can both arise as outcomes of conflicts. Let’s explore the differences between them:
Positive Consequences of Conflict:
Increased Awareness: Conflict can lead to a deeper understanding of different perspectives, values, and beliefs. It allows individuals or groups to gain insights
SESSION
JAN/FEB 2023
PROGRAM
MASTER of COMMERCE (MCOM)
SEMESTER
I
course CODE & NAME
DCM6102 – MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS
CREDITS
4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks
0230 Marks each
Assignment Set – 1
1. Define the term ‘managerial economics’. Explain significance of the study of managerial economics.
Ans 1.
Managerial Economics
Managerial economics is a science that deals with the application of various economic theories, principles, concepts and techniques to business management in order to solve business and management problems. It deals with the practical application of economic theory and methodology in decision-making problems faced by private, public and non-profit making organisations. The same idea has been expressed by Spencer and Siegelman, in the
2. Define production function. State types and function of production function.
Ans 2.
Production function: The entire theory of production centres revolves around the concept of production function. A “production function” expresses the technological or engineering relationship between physical quantity of inputs employed and physical quantity of outputs obtained by a firm. It specifies a flow of output resulting from a flow of inputs during a specified period of time. It may be in the form of a table, a graph or an equation specifying
3. Explain different types of cost.
Ans 3.
The types of costs are as follows:
1. Money cost and real cost – When cost is expressed in terms of money, it is called as money cost. It relates to money outlays by a firm on various factor inputs to produce a commodity. In a monetary economy, all kinds of cost estimations and calculations are made in terms of money only. Hence, the knowledge of money cost is of great importance in economics. Exact measurement of money cost is possible. When cost is expressed in terms of
Assignment Set – 2
1. Explain causes of inflation in detail.
Ans 1.
Inflation refers to the overall general upward price movement of goods and services in an economy, often measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the Producer Price Index (PPI). When the inflation rate rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services, effectively reducing the purchasing power per unit of money.
There are various factors that contribute to inflation, which can be broadly classified into two
2. Explain different objectives of pricing policies.
Ans 2.
The objectives of pricing policies
While formulating its pricing policy, a firm has to consider various economic, social, political and other factors. The following objectives are to be considered while fixing the prices of the product:
1. Profit maximisation in the short term – The primary objective of the firm is to maximise its profits. Pricing policy as an instrument to achieve this objective should be formulated in
3. Define monetary policy. State the objectives of monetary policy in developing countries.
Ans 3.
Monetary policy
Monetary policy is a policy employed by central banks to control the supply of money, often targeting an inflation rate or interest rate to ensure price stability and general trust in the currency. The central bank achieves this by managing the country’s money supply through mechanisms such as modifying interest rates, buying or selling government bonds, regulating
SESSION
MARCH 2023
PROGRAM
MASTER of COMMERCE (MCOM)
SEMESTER
I
course CODE & NAME
DCM6103 – FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
CREDITS
4
Number OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks
0230 Marks each
Assignment Set – 1
1(a) Define financial management. Also, describe various functions of financial management.
Ans 1(a)
Financial management is the art and science of managing money. Regulatory and economic environments have undergone drastic changes due to liberalisation and globalisation of changed the profile of Indian finance managers. Indian finance managers have transformed themselves from License Raj managers to well-informed, dynamic, proactive managers capable of taking decisions of complex nature.
Traditionally, financial management was considered as a branch of knowledge that focused
b) Compare profit maximization and shareholder’s wealth maximization objective.
Ans:
Profit maximization and shareholder wealth maximization are two critical objectives in financial management. Both play pivotal roles in the business environment, but they significantly differ in their philosophy, implications, and overall focus.
Profit Maximization refers to a short-term objective of a business, aiming to achieve the
2. The following information has been extracted from the balance sheet of Surya Ltd.:
₹ in Lacs
Equity Share Capital 900
12% Preference Share Capital 900
18% Debentures 1,200
3,000
Ans 2.
Determine the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of the company. It had been paying dividends at a consistent rate of 25% per annum. Equity shares, preference shares and debentures are being traded at par. Tax rate is 35%.
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is the average rate of return a company is
3(a) Describe the process of financial planning.
Ans.
Financial planning is a comprehensive process that helps individuals and businesses effectively manage their finances to achieve their goals and secure their future. Here’s a step-by-step description of the process:
Set Clear Objectives: The first step in financial planning is identifying your financial
(b) Determine the degree of operating, financial and combined leverage of a company from the following data:
Sales ₹25,00,000
Fixed Costs ₹7,50,000
Interest Charges ₹4,50,000
Variable expenses are 35% of sales.
Ans:
Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL)
Formula: DOL = Q * (P – V) / Q * (P – V) – F
Where:
Q = Quantity of Output
P = Price per Unit
Assignment Set – 2
1. Describe the assumptions and implications of ‘Net Income Approach’ and ‘Net Operating Income Approach’ of capital structure.
Ans: Net Income Approach
The Net Income (NI) approach is a capital structure theory proposed by Durand which assumes that the capital structure of a firm significantly influences its market value. The primary assumptions of this approach are:
Cost of Debt is Less than Cost of Equity: The theory assumes that the cost of debt is less
2. Describe concept and determinants of working capital in detail.
Ans 2.
A large number of factors influence working capital needs of a firm. The basic objective of a firm’s working capital management is to ensure that the firm has adequate working capital for its operations, neither too much nor too little. Figure depicts factors that determine the working capital.
3. You have received a project proposal with a life expectancy of 5 years:
Particulars Years Amount in ₹
Initial Investment 0 3,00,000
Cash Inflows 1 60,000
2 60,000
3 90,000
4 1,10,000
5 90,000
Compute:
(a) Net Present Value of project applying discount rate of 7%
(b) Payback Period
Ans: (a) The Net Present Value (NPV) of a project is calculated by discounting each cash inflow at the given discount rate and then subtracting the initial investment.
Here’s how we calculate the NPV for each year:
For Year 1:
₹60,000 / (1+0.07)^1 = ₹56,075.19
SESSION
Marh 2023
PROGRAM
master of commerce (M com)
SEMESTER
I
course CODE & NAME
DCM 6104 -cost analysis& control
CREDITS
4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks
0230 Marks each
ASSIGNMENT SET-1
1(a) Discuss the functional classification of cost.
Ans 1a.
In cost accounting, costs are classified into various categories based on their functions within an organization. The functional classification of costs is important as it helps in understanding and analyzing the cost structure of a business. Here are the main functional
1(b) What are the factors to be considered while installing good costing system ?
Ans 1b.
When installing a good costing system, several factors should be considered to ensure its effectiveness and relevance to the organization’s needs. Here are some key factors to consider:
b. If sales are 20% above BEP, determine the net profit.
Ans 2.
To calculate the breakeven sales in rupees, we need to determine the breakeven point (BEP) first. The breakeven point is the level of sales at which total revenue equals total costs, resulting in zero profit.
The formula to calculate the breakeven point is:
BEP (in units) = Fixed overheads / (Selling price per unit – Variable cost per unit)
3(a) Explain the cost analysis in making or buy decision.
Ans 3a.
In the context of business decision-making, the “make or buy” decision refers to the choice between producing goods or services internally (making) or outsourcing them from external suppliers (buying). Cost analysis plays a crucial role in evaluating the financial implications
3(b) What is difference between allocation &apportionment of overhead?
Ans 3b.
In the context of cost accounting, both allocation and apportionment are methods used to distribute or assign overhead costs to various cost centers or products. While the terms “allocation” and “apportionment” are often used interchangeably, there is a subtle difference
ASSIGNMENT SET-2
4(a) State advantages and disadvantages of Just in Time.
Ans 4(a)
Just in Times gives advantages to the company and also to the customers of your company. JIT helps in reducing the cost of inventory, reduce payment timeline, reduce warehouse cost, reduce lead time, reduce planning complexity and improve the quality of products, etc.
4b. The activity levels of two months are given for May month production are 1000 units and semi variable cost is Rs. 14000 and for June month Production are 1200 units and semi variable cost is Rs. 16000.Calculate the variable and fixed elements by using comparison method.
Ans 4b.
To calculate the variable and fixed elements using the comparison method, we need to compare the activity levels of two months (May and June) and the corresponding semi-variable costs.
5(a) Explain the Types of Environmental cost.
Ans 5(a)
Types of Environmental cost
There has been a burden on various enterprises to minimise their environmental impact. To do this, enterprises are required to understand the concept of environmental costs. These costs can be divided into two classifications that are as below:
5(b)Explain any 5 principles of Total Quality Management?
Ans 5(b)
Principles of Total Quality Management
Total quality management consists of various vital principles executed together to accomplish business excellence. There are eight principles of TQM that were originated by an international organisation for controlling ISO quality standards. ISO allows
6(a) What are the advantages of marginal costing?
Ans 6(a)
The following are the advantages of marginal costing:
Marginal costing is simple to understand and easy to operate.
Closing stock is valued at marginal cost only. Thus, marginal costing shows the true valuation of closing stock by disregarding the illogical carry forward of fixed cost
6b. If sales are Rs.10,00,000; variable costs are Rs.4,00,000 and fixed cost are Rs.4,80,000; calculate the P/V Ratio and Margin of safety.
Ans 6b.
To calculate the P/V (Profit-Volume) ratio, you can use the following formula:
P/V Ratio = (Contribution / Sales) * 100
Contribution can be calculated by subtracting the variable costs from the sales. In this case:
SESSION
MAR 2023
PROGRAM
MASTER of COmmerce(M.COM.)
SEMESTER
I
course CODE & NAME
DCM6105 BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC LAWS
CREDITS
4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks
0230 Marks each
Assignment Set – 1
1.“Contract is an agreement enforceable by law.” Support the statement and describe the essentials of a valid contract.
Ans 1.
The statement “Contract is an agreement enforceable by law” is supported by the legal concept of contracts. A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties that creates certain rights and obligations for each party involved. For a contract to be valid and enforceable, it must contain several essential elements. These essentials of a valid contract include:
As an agent, whether in the context of a legal representative, a business agent, or any other capacity, there are certain rights and duties that come with the role. Let’s discuss them in detail:
Rights of an Agent:
Right to Compensation: An agent has the right to receive reasonable compensation for
3. Define “Unpaid Seller” under Sales of Goods Act. Explain the rights of an unpaid seller.
Ans 3.
Under the Sales of Goods Act, an “unpaid seller” refers to a person or entity who has sold goods to a buyer on credit or under any other form of deferred payment arrangement, but has not yet received the full payment for those goods. The term “unpaid seller” applies to both the seller of the goods and any successors or legal representatives
Assignment Set – 2
1. Throw light on the benefits of the right to information from the purview of the Right to Information Act 2005.
Ans 1.
The Right to Information Act (RTI Act) of 2005 is a crucial legislation that empowers citizens in India to access information held by public authorities. It plays a significant role in promoting transparency, accountability, and participatory governance. Here are some benefits of the right to information under the purview of the RTI Act:
Transparency: The RTI Act ensures transparency by granting citizens the right to access
2. Elaborate the prime objectives and functions of SEBI under Securities & Exchange Board of India Act, 1992.
Ans 2.
The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the regulatory authority responsible for overseeing the securities market in India. The prime objectives and functions of SEBI, as defined under the Securities and Exchange Board of
3. Compare the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 with newly enacted Consumer Protection Act 2019.
Ans 3.
The Consumer Protection Act, 1986, and the newly enacted Consumer Protection Act, 2019, both aim to safeguard the interests and rights of consumers in India. However, there are several significant differences between the two acts. Here’s a comparison of the two acts:
MASTER OF ARTS – JOURNALISM & MASS COMMUNICATION (MA JMC)
SEMESTER
I
COURSE CODE & NAME
DMJ6107 – BASICS OF AUDIO & VISUAL COMMUNICATION
Assignment Set – 1
‘Community radio stations have the capability to enlighten the rural development in India’. Discuss the statement with examples.
Ans:The statement that “Community radio stations have the capability to enlighten rural development in India” holds true, as community radio has the potential to play a significant role in empowering rural communities and fostering their development.
Here are some reasons supporting this statement along with examples:
Localized Information and Awareness: Community radio stations are rooted in local communities and focus
How would you prepare yourself to interview a celebrity of your choice for a television channel?
Ans:Preparing for an interview with a celebrity for a television channel requires thorough research, planning, and professional conduct.
Here are the steps you can take to prepare yourself for such an interview:
Research the Celebrity:
“Writing for Television is different from writing for print, radio, or the internet”. Comment.
Ans:Writing for television is indeed different from writing for print, radio, or the internet. Here are some key aspects that distinguish television writing:
Visual Medium: Television is primarily a visual medium, and writing for television involves creating content that can be effectively translated into visuals and captured by cameras. Writers must consider the visual elements, such as set design, costumes, props, and actions, and write in a way that engages the audience visually.
Collaborative Process:
Assignment Set – II
Discuss in detail why TV serials and reality shows continue to attract large audiences everywhere.
Ans:TV serials and reality shows continue to attract large audiences for several reasons:
Entertainment and Escapism: TV serials and reality shows provide entertainment and escapism for viewers. They offer a break from daily routines and allow people to immerse themselves in engaging storylines, relatable characters, and intriguing conflicts. Whether it’s a gripping drama series or a reality competition, these shows offer a form of entertainment that captivates and engages audiences, allowing them to temporarily escape from their own lives.
Emotional Connection
‘Mushrooming of news channels may lead to high competition and thereby reduce the quality of the profession’. Critically examine the statement with examples.
Ans:The statement that the mushrooming of news channels may lead to high competition and thereby reduce the quality of the journalism profession can be examined from different perspectives.
Here are some critical points to consider:
Rush for Ratings
Write briefly regarding production stages – production, pre-production, and post-production with an example.
Ans:Production Stages in Filmmaking: Pre-production: Pre-production is the initial stage of filmmaking where all the planning and preparation takes place before the actual shooting begins. It involves various tasks such as scriptwriting, creating a production budget, securing funding, casting actors, scouting locations, designing sets, and creating a production schedul
SESSION
FEB/MAR 2023
PROGRAM
MASTER OF ARTS – JOURNALISM & MASS COMMUNICATION (MA JMC)
SEMESTER
I
COURSE CODE & NAME
DMJ6106 – DEVELOPMENT OF MEDIA
Assignment Set – 1
How is mass media a part of our everyday life? Elaborate with proper examples.
Ans: Mass media has become an integral part of our everyday lives, shaping how we receive and consume information, influencing our opinions, and providing entertainment.
Here are several ways in which mass media has a significant presence in our daily lives, along with examples:
News Consumption: Mass media, including newspapers, television news, radio, and online news sources, provide us with daily updates on local, national, and international events. We rely on these sources to
In the context of the rapid growth of digital media, discuss the future of television as a mass communication channel.
Ans: The rapid growth of digital media has undoubtedly transformed the landscape of mass communication, including the television industry. While the future of television as a mass communication channel is evolving, it continues to hold relevance and adapt to changing consumer preferences
Discuss in detail the history and growth of All India Radio.
Ans: (AIR), known since 1956 as ‘Akashvani,’ is India’s national public radio broadcaster. It was established in 1936. AIR is the largest radio network globally broadcasting organisation all over the world in terms of the number of languages and the spectrum of socioeconomic and cultural diversity it serves. Its home service comprises 420 stations located across the country, reaching nearly 90%
Assignment Set – II
Analyse the influence of video/visual programs in cultivating violent behaviour among children.
Ans: The influence of video/visual programs on cultivating violent behavior among children is a topic of on-going debate and research.
While it is difficult to establish a direct causal relationship between watching violent content and engaging in violent behavior, there are several factors to consider when analysing this issue:
Observational Learning: Children, especially at a young age, are highly susceptible to observational learning. They tend to imitate behaviors they see in the media, including violence. When
‘Radio was considered the best medium for disseminating developmental issues to the rural mass.’ Express your views on this statement.
Ans: The statement that “Radio was considered the best medium for disseminating developmental issues to the rural mass” holds significant validity, particularly in the context of rural areas and developing regions.
Here are my views
Explain with suitable examples the impact of globalization on Indian cinema.
Ans: Globalization has had a significant impact on Indian cinema, both in terms of content and reach.
Here are some examples of how globalization has influenced Indian cinema:
Increased International Recognition: Indian films, particularly those from the Hindi film industry (Bollywood), have gained global recognition and a wider international audience. Films like “Slum dog Millionaire” (2008), directed by Danny Boyle, showcased Indian talent and culture to a global
SESSION
Jan/Feb 2023
PROGRAM
MASTER OF JOURNALISM AND MASS COMMUNICATION(MAJMC)
SEMESTER
I
course CODE & NAME
DMJ6105– Concept of news and reporting
Assignment Set – 1
What are news values? Explain with examples.
Ans:News values are determined by a set of simple factors or “news elements,” like proximity, influence, change, prominence, conflict, topic, usefulness, and rarity. Reporters typically consider seven news elements when making reporting decisions.
Any organisation producing content use the following seven news elements as a starting point and general
What is a “Headline”? Explain different types of headlines in example?
Ans:Headlines are the main piece of your article composing. The primary thing can command the notice of your reader or web guest. Your headlines are your first genuine place of association with your forthcoming client, so you need to get them right. Your headlines are imperative to your reader as it is an extraordinary pointer of your actual ‘conduct.’
Types of
“Inverted pyramid style of news writing helps in better understanding of news”. Explain the statement.
Ans:The statement “Inverted pyramid style of news writing helps in better understanding of news” is accurate. The inverted pyramid style is a widely used approach in news writing where the most important information is presented at the beginning of the article, followed by supporting details in descending order of importance. This structure allows readers to quickly grasp the main points of
Assignment Set – 2
“Information gathering is a technique as well as an art”. Explain the statement how various techniques and sources that are used for gathering news.
Ans:The statement “Information gathering is a technique as well as an art” highlights the dual nature of gathering news. It involves both technical skills and a creative approach to gather accurate and compelling information. Journalists employ various techniques and sources to gather news, combining their
Write short notes on the following:
a) Reporting Ethics
Ans: Reporting ethics refers to the principles and guidelines that journalists and media organizations adhere to when gathering, verifying, and disseminating news stories. Ethical journalism aims to provide accurate, fair, and responsible reporting that upholds the public’s right to information and serves the public interest.
Here are some key
What is a vox pop? Explain the different types of Vox-Pop.
Ans:’Vox Pop’ comes from the Latin word ‘vox populi’, which means ‘Voice of People’. The Vox Pop is used in media to provide a snapshot of public opinion. Various random questions are asked in vox pop to have people’s views on a particular topic and presented to reflect popular opinion. Vox pops can be published in newspapers or recorded for radio and televis
SESSION
March 2023
PROGRAM
Journalism & Mass COMMUNICATION
SEMESTER
I
course CODE & NAME
DMJ6104 Communication theories & Models
Assignment Set – 1
Questions
Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative research. Provide examples.
Ans: Quantitative Research Quantitative research methods are intended to create statistically valid data that reveals the number of people who do or believe something. Quantitative data is usually expressed numerically in the form of averages, ratios, or ranges. When doing a large-scale needs assessment or baseline survey, quantitative research is extremely valuable. It also involves a deductive approach to the relationship between theory and research, emphasising testing theories. It also incorporates practices and norms of the natural scientific model and
Explain how mass communication is different from other forms of communication.
Ans: Mass communication is a distinct form of communication that differs from other types of communication based on several key characteristics. Here’s an explanation of how mass communication sets itself apart: Audience Size and Reach: Mass communication involves the dissemination of
Define theory. Discuss the characteristics of a good theory.
Ans: The term “theory” refers to a “system of concepts and statements, models, or principles that, when applied together, make the empirical world more understandable.” The theory explains the phenomenon based on a set of criteria, whereas the paradigm offers the context or framework within which a theory can be tested and quantified.
Reviewing of all previous findings of similar studies, simple logical deductions, and knowledge of
Write a short note on empiricism.
Ans: Empiricism is the belief that all knowledge is derived from sense perception and emphasises the importance of experience and evidence. It argues that only a posteriori knowledge can be gained by human beings (i.e., based on experience). Similarly, most empiricists reject the idea of innatism or innate ideas (that the mind is born with ideas or knowledge and is not
Analyse the social constructivist paradigm using suitable examples.
Ans: The social constructivist paradigm is a theoretical framework within social sciences that emphasizes the role of social interactions, language, and shared meanings in the construction of knowledge and
Assignment Set – 2
Examine critically the social responsibility theory of media and its relevance in contemporary society.
Ans: The social responsibility theory of media is a normative theory that suggests the media has a responsibility to serve the public interest and function as a watchdog for democracy. It argues that media organizations should be accountable for their actions, provide accurate and unbiased information, and promote the well-being of society. However, while the theory has its merits, its relevance in contemporary society can be subject to critical examinati
Discuss the significance of models in communication. Write a critique of Aristotle’s communication model.
Ans: Significance of Models in Communication: Models play a crucial role in the field of communication by providing simplified representations of complex communication processes.
Here are some key reasons why models are significant in communication:
Understanding
Analyse critically the agenda setting theory of communication with appropriate examples.
Ans: The agenda-setting theory of communication suggests that the media plays a significant role in influencing the public’s perception of social issues by determining the prominence and salience of topics. It posits that the media’s selection and presentation of news stories shape the public’s agenda and the issues they perceive as important. While the theory has garnered considerable attention and suppo
SESSION
MArch 2023
PROGRAM
MAJMC
SEMESTER
I
course CODE & NAME
DMJ6103; Fundamentals of Photography
Set – 1
What are the fundamental principles of photography and how do they impact the final image?
Ans:The fundamental principles of photography are the basic concepts and techniques that guide photographers in capturing compelling and visually appealing images. Understanding these principles is crucial for controlling the technical aspects of photography and creating impactful
What is the importance of lighting in photography, and how can different lighting techniques be used to create different moods and emotions in an image?
Ans:Lighting plays a crucial role in photography, as it has a significant impact on the overall mood, atmosphere, and emotional tone of an image. Understanding how to use different lighting techniques can help photographers create specific moods and evoke desired emotions.
Here’s an
What is the difference between manual and auto mode? What are the basic rules of composition in photography?
Ans: The difference between manual and auto mode in photography lies in how the camera settings are controlled:
Manual Mode: In manual mode, the photographer has full control over all the camera settings, including aperture, shutter speed, ISO, white balance, and focus. The photographer manually adjusts these settings based on their creative intent, the lighting conditions, and the desired
Set – 2
What are some common challenges faced by photographers, and what techniques can be used to overcome them and achieve successful results?
Ans: Photography comes with its own set of challenges, regardless of the genre or skill level of the photographer.
Here are some common challenges faced by photographers and techniques to overcome them:
Lighting Challenges: Low Light: In situations with low light, use a wider aperture (lower f-stop) to allow more light into the camera or increase the ISO to boost the sensor’s sensitivity. Alternatively, use a tripod
What is the golden rule in photography? What is the difference between mobile and traditional photography?
Ans: The “golden rule” in photography is not a widely recognized term or principle. It may be a misinterpretation or confusion with the “rule of thirds,” which is a commonly known guideline in photography composition. The rule of thirds suggests dividing the frame into a grid of nine equal parts by drawing two horizontal lines and two vertical lines.
The main subject or points of interest are ideally placed along these lines or at their intersections. While the golden rule is not a specific concept in photography, there are several other
How does the use of different camera angles and perspectives affect the visual storytelling of an image, and what are some common techniques used in this regard?
Ans: The use of different camera angles and perspectives can greatly impact the visual storytelling of an image. By changing the viewpoint, photographers can evoke specific emotions, convey messages, emphasize certain elements, and create a unique narrative.
Here’s how camera angles and
SESSION
March 2023
PROGRAM
Journalism & Mass COMMUNICATION
SEMESTER
I
course CODE & NAME
DMJ6102
Social structure & current affairs
Assignment Set – 1
Explain the concept of social structure. Briefly discuss the various elements of social structure.
Ans:”Social structure indicates an ordered arrangement of parts which can be treated transferable being relatively invariant while the other parts themselves are variable”. The word ‘structure’ means an arrangement of parts or components in a systemic pattern. It is a combined picture of interrelated components of any whole. Just as a building structure is made up of bricks, iron, wood, and many other materials, these components work together to make a designed
Define social movement. Explain different types of social movements with examples
Ans:Social movements affect society, but they can inspire following social activities. The Indian national movement influenced the development of the Indian Constitution. And how the Indian Constitution played a significant part in bringing about societal transformation. The social revolution of the 19th century, the campaigns against caste and gender discrimination, and
Analyse gender stereotyping in the media using appropriate example/s.
Ans:Gender stereotyping in the media refers to the portrayal of individuals in ways that reinforce traditional and limiting gender roles and expectations. It perpetuates stereotypes and biases, which can have negative effects on individuals and society as a whole.
Here’s an analysis of gender stereotyping in the media using appropriate examples:
Portrayal of Women:
Assignment Set – 2
Write your perspective on the recent decision by the National Council of Educational Research and Training’s (NCERT) to omit certain sections from history textbooks for class 12. Provide justification for your response.
Ans:As an AI language model, I don’t have personal opinions or perspectives. However, I can provide a general analysis of the recent decision by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) to omit certain sections from history textbooks for class 12.
The decision to omit sections from history textbooks should be critically evaluated based on the justification provided and
Define society. Discuss the differences between traditional and modern society.
Ans:As an AI language model, I don’t have personal opinions or perspectives.
However, I can provide a general analysis of the recent decision by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) to omit certain sections from history textbooks for class 12. The decision to omit sections from history textbooks should be critically evaluated based on the justification provided and the potential implications it may have on students’ educatio
Examine the impact of digital activism in bringing societal change in your country. Provide appropriate example/s.
Ans: Digital activism, also known as online activism or e-activism, refers to the use of digital platforms and technologies to promote social and political causes, raise awareness, mobilize supporters, and bring about societal change. In many countries, digital activism has played a significant role in shaping public discourse, challenging established power structures, and advocating for various
SESSION
JAN/FEB 2023
PROGRAM
MAJMC
SEMESTER
I
course CODE & NAME
DMJ6101; Basics of language
Set – 1
Define Nouns and Pronouns. Elucidate the different types of Nouns.
Ans: A noun is a word used to refer to people, objects, animals, substances, events, states and feelings. A noun can be a subject or an object of a verb, can be modified by an adjective and can take an article or determiner.
Elaborate upon the steps of Copy editing in your own words.
Ans: Copy Editing is making grammar, spelling, punctuation, and semantics correct. It involves formatting variations and other enhancements to the document and also requires various abilities, including excellent language, an eye for detail, and alertness to find irregularities. Copyediting ensures that the true essence of the story reaches the audience. It is making sure that the facts quoted in the document are accurate. It draws the attention of authorities. In actuality, copy editing is a broad word that differs from one company to the next. As a result, some copy
Describe Jargons, Slangs and Metaphors in detail giving appropriate
Ans: ‘Jargon’ refers to technical terms that belong to a particular subject area or discipline.
For example, medical jargon would include terms that only medical practitioners can understand. These terms cannot be understood by the common man.
Some of the terms in the medical jargon are, ’agonal’ meaning a major negative change in a patient’s
Set – 2
What do you understand by Proofreading? Enlist the steps involved in proofreading.
Ans: Proofreading checks a copy to show perusing composed work and denoting any mistakes. These mix-ups most regularly include spelling, language, accentuation, and consistency. Proofreading is the ending of the editing process, and it focuses on minor problems like misspellings and grammatical andpunctuation faults. After completing all of your other editing
Discuss the three parts of a sentence as well as the two Components of a sentence. Explain the different types of Sentences.
Ans:The three parts of a sentence and the two components of a sentence, as well as the different types of sentences.
Three Parts of a Sentence: A sentence typically consists of three essential parts: Subject: The subject is the part of the sentence that performs the action or is being described. It usually answers the question “Who?” or “What?” For example, in the sentence “John eats an apple,” “John” is the subject.
Verb: The
Suppose you need to write a news script. Elucidate the writing methodology in detail.
Ans: News Scripts News script is the last update of any event or programme carried forward for the papers, blog, publication distributor, magazine, survey site. TV news is timely compared to print news writing that relates a bigger story, putting all the facts into context. News scriptwriting is a structural and strict process in the sense that it should cover all the relevant
1(b). What is meant by Differentiation Strategy? Explain briefly.
Ans 1(b)
Differentiation strategy
Differentiation is a process by which a company distinguishes itself from its competitors and their offerings. The process includes adding a set of differentiators, which are meaningful, and adds value for the customer. The differences should be perceived by the customer as important,
2(a). Discuss Strategic Importance of Forecasting
Ans 2(a)
Strategic Importance of Forecasting
Forecast is very much required for all types of industrial activity and also for those industries which are purely in the service sector like healthcare and education. Good forecasts are of critical importance in all aspects of a business: The forecast is the only estimate of demand until the actual demand becomes known. Therefore, forecast is said to drive decisions in many business areas. Forecast influences three key activities. They are:
Human
2(b). Why redesign of existing layout may be necessary?
Ans 2(b)
Many occasions demand a redesign of existing layout both due to expansion of capacity and due to technical reasons. Most common reasons for redesign of layouts include the following:
Efficiency and productivity improvement: A redesign may be required to optimize the layout and improve workflow efficiency. By analyzing the current layout, identifying bottlenecks, and
3(a). Describe the general factors that influence the plant location decision.
Ans 3a.
The decision of where to locate a plant is influenced by various factors that can be broadly categorized into economic, geographic, political, and social factors. Here are some of the general factors that influence the plant location decision:
Proximity to Raw
3(b) State the elements of operations strategy.
Ans 3(b).
Elements of operations strategy
The six elements of operations strategy are:
1) Designing of the production system
2) Facilities for production and services
3) Product or service
Assignment Set – 2
1. Briefly describe various approaches to TQM.
Ans 1
Various approaches to TQM
Total quality management (TQM) has different approaches towards its achievement. The basic thrust of each of these is realising excellence. All the approaches have a lot in common; however, the emphasis shifts from one to other. Needless to say, each organisation will use any of these or even a
2(a). What are the objectives and tasks involved in scoping?
Ans 2(a).
The main objective of scoping is to:
Define the project boundaries.
State the objectives that the project will cover.
Provide directions to the project and to enable assessment of the final products quality.
Scoping of project enables the manager to prepare an outline of the project plan.
Outline of the project plan
For any project work to be
2(b). What is Bullwhip Effect in Supply Chain Management and how can it be prevented?
Ans 2(b)
Bullwhip Effect in SCM An organisation always goes through ups and downs. It is necessary that the managers of the organisation keep track of the market conditions and analyse the changes. They must take decisions on the resources and make necessary changes within the organisation to meet the market demands. Failing to do so may result in wild swings in the orders. This may
3(a). What are the various steps in project monitoring and controlling? Explain briefly.
Ans 3(a)
Steps for Monitoring and Controlling a Project
The various steps involved in monitoring and controlling a project from start to end are depicted in figur
3(b). What are the types of wastes to be eliminated according to Just-in-time.
Ans 3(b)
The key processes to eliminate the waste are listed below:
Kanban for material flow
High quality production
Small and uniform workloads
Suppliers as partners
Flexible workforce
SESSION
MARCH 2023
PROGRAM
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
SEMESTER
II
course CODE & NAME
DMBA202 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
CREDITS
4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks
0230 Marks each
Assignment Set – 1
1. Assuming wealth maximization to be the objective of financial management, show how the financing, investment and dividend decisions of the company can help to attain this objective.
Ans 1.
Wealth maximization as an objective of financial management aims to increase the value of the firm over the long term, which in turn benefits shareholders through increased stock prices and dividends. The three primary financial management decisions — financing, investment, and dividend — play a crucial role in attaining this objective.
Financing Decision: This involves determining the best capital structure or the mix of debt and equity. The company needs to find the right balance where the cost of capital is minimized. By minimizing the cost of capital, a firm can increase its value as less cost means more profits, which can be
2. Surya Ltd. has the following book value capital structure:
Million (Rs.)
Equity Capital (10 million shares, Rs.10 par) 100
Preference Capital, 11% (100000 shares Rs.100) 10
Retained earnings 120
Debentures, 13.5% (500000 debentures Rs.100) 50
Term loans 12% 80
360
The next expected dividend per share is Rs.1.50. The dividend per share is expected to grow at the rate of 7%. The market price per share is Rs.20. Preference stock, redeemable after 10 years is currently selling for Rs.75 per share. Debentures, redeemable after 6 years are selling for Rs.80 per debenture. The tax rate for the company is 50%.
Calculate the weighted average cost of capital using:
Book value proportions and
Market value proportions.
Ans:
First identify the different costs and proportions.
Cost of Equity (Ke): This will be calculated using the Gordon Growth Model. It’s given by D1 / P0 + g, where D1 is the expected dividend, P0 is the market price of the share, and g is the growth rate.
Cost of Preference Capital (Kp): This can be calculated as D / P, where D is the dividend and P is the
3. Examine the various techniques employed to adjust the time value of money.
Ans 3.
There are two methods by which the time value of money can be calculated:
Compounding technique
Discounting technique
Compounding
Assignment Set – 2
1. The following information has been extracted from the cost sheet of a company:
Rs. Per unit
Raw materials 45
Direct labour 20
Overheads 40
Total 105
Profit 15
Selling Price 120
The following further information is available:
Raw materials are in stock on an average two months
The materials are in process on an average for 4 weeks. The degree of completion is 50% in all respects
Finished goods stock on an average is for one month
Time lag in payment of wages and overheads is 1 ½ weeks.
Time lag in receipt of proceeds from debtors is 2 months
Credit allowed by suppliers is one month
20% of the output is sold against cash.
The company expects to keep a cash balance of Rs.10000
Take 52 weeks per annum.
Calculation of debtors may be made at a selling price.
The company is poised to manufacture 14400 units in the year.
You are required to prepare a statement showing the working capital requirements of the company.
Ans 1. To calculate the working capital requirements, we need to determine the company’s current assets and current liabilities.
Current assets consist of:
Raw Material Stock
2. Are there any considerations other than profitability to be made in managerial decisions about investment proposals? Explain these.
Ans 2.
While profitability is indeed a key consideration in managerial decisions about investment proposals, it is far from being the only factor. Here are several other important considerations:
Risk: Every investment comes with a certain degree of risk. It’s essential for managers to assess the level of risk and consider whether it aligns with the company’s risk tolerance.
Strategic Fit: The investment proposal needs to align with the organization’s strategic goals. Even a profitable
3. “Efficient cash management will aim at maximizing the cash inflows and slowing cash outflows”. Elaborate the statement by highlighting the objectives of cash management.
Ans 3.
Objectives of Cash Management
The major objectives of cash management in a firm are:
Meeting payments schedule
Minimising funds held in the form of cash balances
Meeting payments schedule
In the normal course of functioning, a firm has to make various payments by cash to its employees, suppliers and infrastructure bills. Firms will also receive cash through sales of its products and collection of receivables. Both of these do not occur simultaneously. The basic objective of cash
SESSION
MARCH 2023
PROGRAM
MBA
SEMESTER
II
course CODE & NAME
DMBA203 Marketing management
CREDITS
4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks
0230 Marks each
Set – 1
1. Define Marketing? Explain any two concepts of the marketing
Ans 1.
Marketing: Marketing is the management process which facilitates the movement of goods and services from concept (advertising, product development, etc.) to the customer. The philosophy of marketing is based on a notion about the business in terms of customer needs and their satisfaction. In simple terms, marketing can be described as ‘the art of anticipating and serving customer needs’. Marketing differs from selling because (in the words of Harvard Business School’s emeritus professor of marketing Theodore C. Levitt) “Selling concerns itself with the tricks and
2. Discuss and elaborate the drawbacks of marketing information system
Ans 2.
A marketing information system (MIS) is a framework used by organizations to collect, organize, analyze, and distribute relevant marketing information to support decision-making processes. While MIS offers several benefits, it also has certain drawbacks that organizations should be aware of. Here are some of the drawbacks of a marketing information system:
Cost:
3. Explain the stages of ‘Product Life Cycle’.
Ans 3.
Products follow certain kinds of lifecycle patterns. Let us discuss the different stages in the lifecycle of products.
Figure depicts a product lifecycle consisting of four stages of introduction, growth, maturity, and decline.
Set – 2
1. What is consumer behavior? Discuss the factors affecting consumer behavior
Ans 1.
Consumer behaviour
The mental and emotional processes and the observable behaviour of consumers during searching, purchasing, and post -consumption of a product or service.
Consumer behavior
2. What is CRM? Explain the ways of CRM
Ans 2.
CRM refers to the holistic approach that an organisation can take to manage their relationships with customers, including policies related to contact with customers, collecting, storing, and analysing customer information and the technologies needed to perform these tasks. You should think of CRM as a strategic process that will help you understand your customer’s needs and how
3. Explain the techniques of sales promotion
Ans 3.
Techniques of sales promotion
We will discuss this under three heads – sales promotions directed at consumer, sales promotions directed at trade partners, and sales promotions directed at sales force.
Sales promotions
SESSION
MARCH 2023
PROGRAM
MASTER of Business Administration (MBA)
SEMESTER
II
course CODE & NAME
DMBA204mANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
CREDITS
4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks
0230 Marks each
Assignment Set – 1
1. Discuss the history of Computing.
Ans 1.
Computers or general purpose computing devices were invented in the middle of the 20th century, but the ideas they are based on evolved a century earlier. Charles Babbage, a renowned British mathematician, fi rst conceived the idea of a computing device in the 1820s when he was confronted with the problem of errors creeping into navigation charts at the time of their writing. In those days this work was done by clerks who used manual methods of pencils, rough paper Its Half solved only
Managing IS in organisations is a highly challenging and complex task. One reason for this complexity is that neither organisations nor the IS they use remain static over time – both change continuously, and it is the job of management to ensure that the systems remain useful and relevant for their
3. How are management information systems different from transaction processing systems?
Ans 3.
Transaction processing systems?
A transaction is any activity of the organisation that generates information. For example, the activities related to buying a ticket from the Indian Railways generates many transactions, each of which produces information that is recorded by the systems. Some transactions involve exchange of goods or services while others may be purely informational. A transaction processing system
Assignment Set – 2
1. What are the different ways of making online payments? Explain
Ans 1.
Different ways of making online payments
One of the biggest challenges posed to e-commerce has been the issue of payments. In a typical commercial transaction conducted manually, a customer is able to pay cash for a purchased item or pay by credit card. If it is by credit card, this transaction is verifi ed by a service to ensure that the card is
2. What are the facilities an organization could have from ‘Customer Relationship Management System’?
Ans 2.
A Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system offers numerous facilities and benefits to an organization. Here are some key facilities that organizations can have from a CRM system:
Centralized Customer Data: CRM systems provide a centralized database where all customer information is stored. This includes contact details, interactions, purchase history, preferences, and any other relevant data. Having all this information in one place allows for easy access and a comprehensive view of
3. Why is vendor management important? What are the key issues to consider for managing vendors carefully?
Ans 3.
Vendors are located and identifi ed through different processes. Usually, organisations release advertisements stating their requirements in the popular media, and ask for vendors to respond. In other cases, vendors may be found in online and published listings of industry and commerce
.
SESSION
MARCH 2023
PROGRAM
MASTER of business administration (MBA)
SEMESTER
II
course CODE & NAME
DMBA205 – OPERATIONS RESEARCH
CREDITS
4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks
0230 Marks each
Assignment Set – 1
1. What is Operations Research? Discuss the importance of O.R. in decision making process.
Ans 1.
Operations Research
Operations Research (O.R.), also known as Operational Research, is a discipline that uses advanced analytical methods to help make better decisions. O.R. applies mathematics, statistics, and other quantitative techniques to solve complex problems and improve operational efficiency.
Churchman, Aackoff, and Aruoff defined operations research as “the application of scientific methods, techniques
2. Use Two-Phase Simplex Method to solve the following linear programming problem:
Maximize Z = 5×1+8×2
Subject to: 3×1 + 2×2 ≥3
x1 + 4×2 ≥4
x1 + x2≤5
wherex1, x2 ≥ 0
Ans 2.
Problem involves inequalities of “greater than or equal to” in the constraints, which doesn’t directly conform to the usual setup where the constraints are in the form of “less than or equal to”. To rectify this, we need to rewrite these inequalities by multiplying them by -1, effectively transforming them into “less than or equal to” constraints. We also have to remember to reverse the inequality direction when multiplying by a negative number. After that, we can apply the two-
3. Find the optimum solution of the following Transportation problem using MODI method:
Destination
Supply D1 D2 D3 D4 Supply
S1 21 16 25 13 11
S2 17 18 14 23 13
S3 32 27 18 41 19
Demand 6 10 12 15
Ans 3.
In order to find the optimal solution using the MODI (Modified Distribution) Method, we first need to find an initial feasible solution using either the North-West Corner Method, Minimum Cost Method, or Vogel’s Approximation Method.
The MODI method can then be used to check for optimality and improve the initial feasible solution if necessary. Please note that MODI method only works if you already have a feasible basic solut
Assignment Set – 2
4.a) What is Simulation? Write the advantages of Simulation.
Ans 4(a)
Simulation
Using simulation, an analyst can introduce the constants and variables related to the problem, set up the possible courses of action and establish criteria which act as measures of effectiveness. The major reasons for applying simulation technique to OR problems may be listed as below:
It is an appropriate too
4b) Write any five difference between CPM and PERT?
Ans 4(b)
Difference between CPM and PERT
There are no essential differences between PERT and CPM as both of them share in common the determination of a critical path. Both are based on the network representation of activities and their scheduling, which determines the most critical activities to be controlled in order to meet the
5. The following table gives the activities in a construction project and other relevant information:
Activity (y)
OptimisticTime (in days)
Most likelyTime(in days)
PessimisticTime (in days)
1-2
30
44
54
1-3
8
12
16
2-3
1
2
3
2-4
2
3
5
3-4
8
10
12
4-5
14
22
25
i) Draw a PERT diagram and mark clearly the Critical Path.
ii) Determine the expected project length?
iii) What is the probability that the project would be successfully completed in less than 60 days? 4+2+4 10
Ans:
6. What is two-person zero sum game? Reduce the following game by dominance property and solve it:
Player B
Player A B1 B2 B3 B4 B5
1 3 2 7 4
3 4 1 5 6
6 5 7 6 5
2 0 6 3 1
Ans:
A two-person zero-sum game is a type of game in which one player’s gain is the other player’s loss. In other words, the sum of the payoffs for each player is zero in every outcome. These types of games are very prevalent in economic theory and game theory.
Reducing a game by
SESSION
MARCH 2023
PROGRAM
Master of business administration (MBA)
SEMESTER
II
course CODE & NAME
DMBA206 – PROJECT MANAGEMENT
CREDITS
4
Number OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks
0230 Marks each
Assignment Set – 1
1. What is project management? Explain the phases of project management life cycle.
Ans 1.
Project management:
Project management is the art of organising, coordinating, and controlling the various tasks and resources in order to complete a project successfully.
Project management is the practice of planning, organizing, and overseeing the execution of a project from its initiation to its completion. It involves applying knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to meet
2. What do you mean by work breakdown structure? Explain with the help of suitable format.
Ans 2.
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
The entire project may be considered to be made up of a number of tasks and sub-tasks placed in different stages called the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). The format for WBS design is used differently by different organizatiions. Mostly graphics is used to display the project components as a hierarchical tree
3. Differentiate between PERT and CPM.
Ans 3.
PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) and CPM (Critical Path Method) are both project management techniques used to plan, schedule, and control projects. While they share similarities and are often used together, there are distinct differences between the two. Here’s a breakdown
Assignment Set – 2
1. Explain the tools and techniques of quality planning along with its outcome.
Ans 1.
Quality planning is a crucial process in project management that aims to define and establish the quality objectives, standards, and guidelines for a project. It involves determining the quality requirements, identifying the necessary processes and resources, and creating a plan to ensure that the project meets those requirements.
Tools and techniques to
2. What is contract management? What are its Phases?
Ans 2.
Contract management
Contract management is the management of contracts which is entered with clients, sellers, partners, or employees. It comprises of negotiating the terms and conditions and ensuring the compliance with the terms and conditions, with documenting and approving on any changes or amendments that may
3. Project termination has negative impact, how can we avoid it?
Ans 3.
Project termination is one of the most serious decisions of a project management team and its control board. The decision of project termination affects all the stakeholders of the project and can put some negative impact on the organisation’s growth. So it is important to critically evaluate all the aspects before taking the decision. The project manager and his or her team members will feel that
Explain the characteristics of communication. What is the role of formal and informal organizational communication channels in building a good communication network.
Ans 1.
Communication, the exchange of information, involves the sending and receiving of messages and can take numerous forms. It’s a dynamic, transactional, and interactive process with several defining characteristics:
Two-way Process: Communication involves at least two parties, the sender who
Describe the different steps in making oral presentations.
Ans 2.
Different steps in making oral presentations
The table indicates that oral presentations can range from simple to more complex ones, each with a different purpose. Irrespective of the nature of the presentation, the steps shown in figure can be followed for planning and preparing an oral presentation. Figure depicts the steps for creating an effective oral presentation.
Justify the importance of effective questioning that facilitates effective listening. Examine the different forms of questions that help in effective questioning.
Ans 3.
Effective questioning is crucial to facilitating effective listening for several reasons:
Clarity: Well-crafted questions can help clarify points of confusion or misunderstanding. They help the listener gain a deeper understanding of the speaker’s thoughts, ideas, or experiences. This reduces the chances of miscommunication or misinterpretation.
Engagement: Effective questioning increases engagement between the speaker and the
Assignment Set – 2
Illustrate the five steps of SQ3R techniques of reading.
Ans 4.
SQ3R technique of reading was developed by Robinson in his book “Effective Study” (1970). SQ3R stands for the initial letters of the five steps shown in the table.
Survey – Survey refers to a quick glance through the title page, preface and chapter headings of a text. By surveying, you will be able to gauge the main ideas of the text.
What is a Group Discussion? Explain the types of GDs based on the topics.
Ans 5.
Group Discussion
A GD is a methodology used by an organisation to gauge whether the candidate has certain personality traits and/or skills that it desires in its members. In this methodology, the group of candidates is given a topic or a situation, given a few minutes to think about the same, and then asked to discuss it among themselves for 15-20 minutes.1”In a GD, the members are
Highlight the specific objectives of corporate advertising. Explain the different types of corporate advertising.
Ans 6.
Objectives of corporate advertising
To create positive attitude towards the organisation – Sometimes, consumers may have negative perceptions towards an organisation, based on the belief that the organisation is not a responsible corporate citizen. For example, public may believe that the organisation is responsible for environmental pollution or destruction of forests and other natural resources.
SESSION
MaRCH 2023
SEMESTER
II
course CODE & NAME
DBB1202 – Financial accounting
CREDITS
4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks
02
30 Marks each
Assignment Set – 1
Elaborate the following accounting concepts:
Ans 1.
Business entity
According to this concept the entity is separate and distinct from the person who owns or controls it. The amount of capital invested by the owner and his share in the profit of the business is treated as a liability of the entity. For example, Manu Florist Company should have a bank account separate from the account of Mrs. Maneesh, the proprietor. Mrs.
On 1st Jan 2009, Ramanathan opened a Bank Account by depositing Rs.6,000/- in cash. All remittances are to be paid into bank on the same day on which they are received and all payments are made by cheques. Enter the following transactions in three columnar cash book.
Jan 2 Goods sold to Mohan for cash Rs.250
Jan 5 Settled Hari’s account of Rs.200 at a discount of 5%
Jan 7 Received from Shyam a cheque for Rs.725. Discount allowed Rs.25
Jan 10 Purchased a calculator for Rs.200.Spent Rs.50 on the cover
Jan 12 Shyam’s cheque was returned dishonored
Jan 15 Received a money order for Rs.25 from Hari
Jan 20 Shyam settled his account by means of a cheque for Rs.755, Rs.5 being for interest charged
Jan 27 Purchased machinery from Rajiv for Rs.5000 and paid him by means of a bank draft purchased from bank for Rs.5,005
Ans: Ramanathan’s three-columnar cash book, which records all transactions in terms of cash, bank, and discount, for the month of January 2009 would look as follows:
Notes:
The opening balance on January 1st is Rs. 6000 in cash.
On January 2nd, Ramanathan sold goods to Mohan for cash, increasing his cash balance by Rs. 250.
Narrate the various kinds of errors that are disclosed by the Trial Balance.
Ans 3.
Various kinds of errors that are disclosed by the Trial Balance
Errors of Omission: The error of omission is one where a transaction has not been recorded in the books of account either wholly or partially. When the transaction has been completely omitted in the books of accounts, it is an error of complete omission.
For example, if a credit purchase of goods is omitted to be entered in the purchase book, it is
Assignment Set – 2
Enumerate the major reasons of differences in cash book and passbook which leads to the preparation of Bank reconciliation statement.
Ans 1.
Differences in cash book and passbook
There are so many reasons which cause differences in the balances between cash book and pass book. As the time period of posting, the transactions in the bank column of cash book does not correspond with the time period of posting in the bank pass book of the firm, the difference arises. The reasons for difference in balance of the cash book and pass book are as under:
Discuss AS6 (revised) on Depreciation accounting.
Ans 2.
Revised AS-6 (Depreciation Accounting)
Accounting Standard-6 deals with depreciation accounting and applied to all depreciable assets. As per Paragraph 3.1 of the Standard, Depreciation is defined as “a measure of the wearing out, consumption or other loss of value of a depreciable asset arising from use, effusion of time or obsolescence though technology and market changes”. It is allocated so as
Explain Share capital and the various classes of shares that can be issued by a company.
Ans 3.
The Shareholder’s equity of a company consists of three parts:
Share capital
Retained Earnings and
Other reserves
Share capital means the capital raised by a company by the issue of shares. Retained earnings
SESSION
MARCH 2023
PROGRAM
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)
SEMESTER
II
COURSE CODE & NAME
DBB1203HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
CREDITS
4
NUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & MARKS
02
30 Marks each
Assignment Set – 1
Define Human Resource Management. Explain the difference between Personnel Management and HRM.
Ans 1.
Human Resource Management: Human Resource Management (HRM) is a process of bringing people and organisations together so that the goals of each are met. It is the art of procuring, developing, and maintaining competent workforce to achieve the goals of the organisation.
How does Selection differ from Recruitment? Differentiate between Internal and External sources of Recruitment.
Ans 2.
Recruitment and selection are two essential processes in human resources management, but they serve distinct purposes and occur at different stages of the staffing process. Recruitment is the first stage of acquiring potential employees, where the organization generates a pool of candidates based on its current needs. Selection, on the other hand, is the process of choosing the most suitable candidates from that pool, often through rigorous interviewing and testing.
What is Human Resource Planning? Explain the significance of planning human resource.
Ans 3.
Human Resource Planning:
Human resource planning is a forward looking function. It tries to assess human resource requirements in advance keeping market fluctuations, demand forecasts and availability of right candidates, etc., in the background. According to Terry, Human Resource Planning (HRP) is a set of tasks that include estimation of how many qualified people are necessary to
Assignment Set – 2
What is training? Explain different job training methods.
Ans 4.
Training
Training helps people in choosing, utilising and evaluating their experiences. Different people have defined training in different ways. According to H. John Bernardin, “Training is any attempt to improve employee performance on a currently held job or one related to it.” In other words, we can say that training focuses on current jobs and it is concerned with specific job skills and behavior.
What are the goals of Performance Appraisal? Explain its various modern methods.
Ans 5.
Goals of Performance Appraisal
Performance appraisal is an essential process that organizations use to evaluate the performance and productivity of their employees. The goals of a performance appraisal include:
Performance Improvement: One of the primary goals of performance appraisals is
Explain various challenges faced in International Human Resource Management.
Ans 6.
Managing HR activities in an international company is a very difficult task. There are various ethical and legal issues which vary from country to country depending upon their cultural values and beliefs.
Challenges faced in International Human Resource Management
SESSION
MAR 2023
PROGRAM
BACHELOR of business administration (BBA)
SEMESTER
II
course CODE & NAME
DBB1204 – QUALITY MANAGEMENT
CREDITS
4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks
02
30 Marks each
Assignment Set – 1
1(a) What do you mean by Competitor Analysis? State the purpose of Competitor Analysis.
Ans 1(a)
Competitive Analysis
Competitor analysis is an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of current and potential competitors. This analysis provides an offensive (proactive) and defensive (reactive) strategic context to identify opportunities and threats.
Discuss about McKinsey 7S Model.
Ans 1(b) The McKinsey 7S model is a widely discussed framework for viewing the interrelationship of strategy formulation and implementation. The 7S-model was born at a meeting of four authors – Richard Pascale, Anthony Athos, Tom Peters, and Robert
Discuss the various factors influencing customer perception with suitable example.
Ans 2.
Factors influencing customer perception
Quality is determined by the customers, and not by producers of goods or services. The total quality management concept recognises this basic truth, and it suggests that marketers should clearly understand customer’s needs, values, and expectations before making and marketing a product. The following are factors that affect customer perception are:
What is cost of quality? Why is it important to measure? List common costs of poor quality.
Ans 3.
Cost of quality
Traditionally, cost of quality is defined as the expenditure incurred by the producer to achieve a particular level of quality. It has been modified, and today it is defined as the expenditure incurred by the producer, user, and community to achieve a particular level of quality.
It is an important concept because managers, before making any decision related to quality,
Assignment Set – 2
What is meant by Quality Audit? What is its purpose?
Ans 1.
Quality Audit
Audits refer to systematic investigation of procedures or operations. Audits are generally performed to ensure compliance to confirmed standards, proper implementation of processes as specified in the organisational requirements. It is a process that involves examination, inspection, documentation or recording and final review of the findings. The definition of quality audit is as follows: An audit is a systematic and independent examination to
What do you mean by Employee involvement? State the importance / benefits of Employee involvement in work.
Ans 2.
Employee involvement
Employee involvement refers to the variety of methods and practices by which organizations involve their employees in decisions and activities that affect them and the overall success of the organization. This can range from simple information sharing and consultation to more direct involvement such as self-managed work teams or participation in strategic planning.
Explain – Aim and Eligibility requirements of Rajiv Gandhi National Quality Award.
Ans 3.
The Rajiv Gandhi National Quality Award (RGNQA) was established by the Bureau of Indian Standards in 1991, inspired by the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award of the United States. It is named in honor of Rajiv Gandhi, the former Prime Minister of India, with the objective of enhancing the quality consciousness and performance excellence among Indian industries.
SESSION
March 2023
PROGRAM
BACHELOR of business administration (BBA)
SEMESTER
II
course CODE & NAME
DBB1205 – RETAIL MANAGEMENT
CREDITS
4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks
02
30 Marks each
Assignment Set – 1
What are the different factors influencing retail consumers? Explain briefly.
Ans 1.
Factors Influencing the Retail Consumer
There are various other factors influencing the purchases of consumer such as social, cultural, personal and psychological. The explanation of these factors is given below.
Cultural factors
Consumer behaviour is deeply influenced by cultural factors such as:
Define Merchandise Planning. Explain the stages of Merchandise planning in detail.
Ans 2.
Merchandise Planning:
The merchandising manager has to analyse the purchase and sales record as a starting point of merchandise planning. The data for planning can be taken from external as well as internal sources. Feedback can be taken from sales staffs, which are direct contact points with the consumer. Data can also be collected from external sources like newspapers, periodicals, surveys, magazines, etc. This effort would give a fair idea on the needs and wants of the customer for the particular time
Define:
Ans 3.
Market Segmentation
Market segmentation is a strategy that involves dividing a large market into subsets of consumers who have common needs and applications of the goods and services offered in the market. Market segmentation is defined as the process of segmenting types of customers or potential customers in a
Retail communication Mix
Communication is an integral part of a retailer’s marketing strategy. Primarily, communication is used to inform the customers about the retailer, the merchandise and the product/services. It also serves as a tool for building the store image. Retail communication programme helps in generating
Assignment Set – 2
What is store design? Explain its elements in detail.
Ans 1.
Store design
The concept of retail store design covers all aspects of the design of a store: ranging from store frontage, fascia and signage, to the internal elements of furniture, merchandising, display, lighting, graphics, point of sale and decoration. Added to this is an understanding of not only what will work aesthetically within the space, but how it will perform functionally and commercially and how it can be built to budget and meet all the regulations governing the use of a public space.
Explain in detail the procedure for store administration.
Ans:
Store administration is a vital part of a retail business, responsible for the smooth operation of a store on a day-to-day basis. It involves an array of duties ranging from inventory management to employee supervision and ensuring customer satisfaction.
The following sections provide a detailed procedure on effective store administration.
Explain the modern retail formats in detail.
Ans 3.
The retailing format in India can be termed as a revolution with more and more formats being defined each day. The determinants that affect the format of retailing are retail mediation with the customer, physical storage characteristics and merchandise characteristics. At the same time a strong co-existence between the newly defined retail formats and the primitive ones has been found. This is because customer behaviour in the purchase of goods varies depending upon the format in
SESSION
MARCH 2023
PROGRAM
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)
SEMESTER
III
COURSE CODE & NAME
DBB2101 LEGAL & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
CREDITS
4
NUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & MARKS
02
30 Marks each
Assignment Set – 1
“All contracts are agreements, but all agreements are not contracts.” Discuss the statement explaining the essential elements of a valid contract.
Ans 1.
According to the ICA, “every promise and every set of promises forming the consideration for each other is an agreement.”
This implies that a promise or a set of promises made mutually by two parties is an agreement. For example, A makes a proposal (offer) to B. When B accepts the proposal and communicates his agreement to AIts Half solved only
When can the first annual general meeting of the company be held? Explain the provisions as to time and place of annual general meeting of a company.
Ans 2.
The timing and place of the annual general meeting (AGM) of a company are governed by the provisions of the company’s articles of association and the applicable laws and regulations in the jurisdiction where the company is incorporated.
Timing of the AGM: The timing of the AGM is typically determined by the company’s articles of association, which is a legal document that sets out the rules and regulations governing the internal
Define and distinguish between a Condition and a Warranty with appropriate example.
Ans 3.
A stipulation in a contract of sale may be a condition or a warranty, with reference to good which are the subject matter of the contract [Sec.12 (1)].
Condition [Sec.12 (2)]: A condition is a stipulation which is essential to the main purpose of the contract. It goes to the root of the contract. Its non-fulfillment upsets the very basis of the contract. It is defined by Fletcher Moulton L.J in (1910) 2 K.B. 1012 as an “obligation which goes so directly
Assignment Set – 2
Who is a Consumer? What consumer rights are guaranteed under Consumer Protection Act, 2019?
Ans 4.
Consumer – “Consumer” means any person who, (i) buys any goods for a consideration which has been paid or promised or partly paid and partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment and includes any user of such goods other than the person who buys such goods for consideration paid or promised or partly paid or partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment, when such use is made with the approval of such person, but does not include a
What do you understand by Hazardous substances? Also write different types of environmental pollution.
Ans 5.
Hazardous substances
“Hazardous substance” means any substance or preparation which, by reason of its chemical or physio-chemical properties or handling, is liable to cause harm to human beings, other living creatures, plants, micro-organisms, property or the environment. It is mandatory that every person
The Competition Act, 2002 is an improvement on the MRTP Act, 1969. Critically analyse and differentiate among them.
Ans 6.
The Competition Act, 2002 is more market oriented than the MRTP Act, 1969. The following
Table illustrates the major points of difference between the two:
S.No
MRTP ACT, 1969
COMPETITION ACT, 2002
1.
Based on the pre liberalization scenario
Based on the post liberalization scenario
SESSION
MaRCH 2023
PROGRAM
BACHELOR of business administration (BBA)
SEMESTER
III
course CODE & NAME
DBB2102 – QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES for Management
CREDITS
2
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks
02
30 Marks each
Set – 1
(a) Discuss limitations of Statistics. Also summarize how Statistics is useful in accountancy and auditing.
Ans 1(a)
The statistical methods, though, widely used in different areas of human knowledge, has its own limitations as far as its application is concerned. Some of these important limitations are as follows:
Statistics does not deal with individual values: Statistical studies are undertaken to study the characteristics of a group rather than individuals. It only deals with the aggregate values. For example, the Its Half solved only
(b) Calculate the mean of the following frequency distribution:
X 2 4 6 8 10
f 1 4 6 4 1
Ans 1b.
To calculate the mean of a frequency distribution, you need to multiply each value (X) by its corresponding frequency (F), then sum up the products, and finally divide the sum by the total number of observations.
Let’s calculate the mean using
(b) Demonstrate the uses of Regression Analysis? Give five examples where the use of regression analysis can beneficially be made.
Ans 2(b)
The term “regression” is used to denote estimation or prediction of the average value of one variable for a specified value of the other variable. The estimation is done by means of suitable equations, derived on the basis of available bivariate data. Such an equation is known as regression equation and its geometrical representation is called regression curve. In simple linear regression, a
3 (a) Explain various methods of Secular Trends.
Ans 3(a)
There are four possible methods of secular trend which are the following:
Linear Trend: The linear trend method assumes that the underlying trend follows a straight line over time. It involves fitting a linear regression model to the historical data and using the estimated coefficients to project future values. This method works well when the trend is relatively stable and does not exhibit significant deviations.
Exponential
3(b) How many types of sampling schemes exists describe them in brief.
Ans:
Types of Sampling Schemes:
Simple Random Sampling: In this sampling scheme, each element in the population has an equal chance of being selected, and the selection of one element does not affect the selection of others. It is the basic sampling method where every possible sample of a given size has an equal
Set – 2
Q1. Interpret the meaning of tabulation? Illustrate the requisites of a standard table and analyse the main purposes of tabulation?
Ans:
Meaning of tabulation
Tabulation refers to the systematic arrangement of data in the form of tables. It involves organizing and presenting data in rows and columns to facilitate easy comprehension and analysis. Tabulation plays a crucial role in data presentation and analysis in various fields such as statistics,
Q2. Discuss the meaning of Time Series? Also, Describe the various methods of Secular Trends.
Ans 2.
Time Series
An arrangement of statistical data in accordance with the time of occurrence or in chronological order is called a time series. In other words, the observations in numerical form obtained at regular intervals of time is known as time series. The time frame of the observations or the recorded data may be taken at an interval of an hour, a day, a week, a month, a year depending upon the type of event the data refer to. Time series analysis is used to detect patterns of change in statistical information over regular intervals of time. Then the predictions or forecast is
3.(a) Discuss the problems that are involved in construction of index numbers.
Ans 3a.
Construction of index numbers is a complex process and it is not without its share of problems and challenges. Here are some of the key issues involved:
Choice of Base Year: The base year is a critical aspect in constructing index numbers, as all future comparisons are made relative to this year. If the base year is not properly
3 (b) Describe acceptance of sampling plan.
Ans 3(B)
Acceptance sampling is a sampling procedure for estimating the quality level, in terms of fraction of defectives, of a produced lot of items for inspection. The statistical sampling procedure purports to answer questions such as: i) Are the supplier’s goods to be accepted or rejected? ii) if accepted, what kind of risk do we incur in terms of bad quality? Since we are talking about mass-scale procurement of raw materials and of mass scale shipment of finished goods, and hence the use of statistical sampling procedure in answering the accept/reject question. It refers to the process of randomly inspecting a certain number of items from a lot
SESSION
March 2023
PROGRAM
BACHELOR of business administration (BBA)
SEMESTER
III
course CODE & NAME
DBB2103 – Research methodology
CREDITS
2
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks
02
30 Marks each
Set – 1
What are the different types of research that can be conducted by a researcher? Discuss with example
Ans 1.
Though every research conducted is unique, it is possible to categorize the research approach that you may decide to take.
Q2. What are the steps involved in writing research the proposal? Give examples. Discuss different kinds of research proposals that can be formulated
Ans 2.
Writing a research proposal can be a daunting task, but it becomes much more manageable if you break it down into specific steps. The following is a list of general steps and examples involved in writing a research proposal:
Identifying the Research Topic: Understand what interests you in your field of study, perform a preliminary literature review to see what has already been done, and then identify a gap in the
How would you define research designs? What are the three principles to be taken care of when selecting a research design? Discuss Exploratory and Descriptive design with example.
Ans 3.
Research designs
Green et al. (2008) define research design as ‘the specification of methods and procedures for acquiring the information needed. It is the overall operational pattern or framework of the project that stipulates what information is to be collected from which sources by what procedures. If it is a good design, it will ensure that the information obtained is relevant to the research questions
Set – 2
Distinguish between secondary and primary methods of data collection. How can secondary data be classified? Elaborate on each type with
Ans 1.
Primary Data Collection
Primary data collection refers to the process of gathering new data that hasn’t been collected before. In other words, the data is original and collected for a specific research purpose or project directly from the sourc
What are the steps involved in the questionnaire design? Explain in detail the questionnaire design process
Ans 2.
Even though the questionnaire method is most used by researchers, designing a well structured instrument needs considerable skill. Presented below is a standardized process that a researcher can follow.
Figure summarizes the steps involved in
What are the guidelines for effective report writing? Illustrate with suitable examples.
Ans 3.
Effective report writing is an important skill in many fields, including business, academics, and scientific research. Following some key guidelines can help ensure that a report is clear, concise, and effective.
Understand the Purpose of the Report: Before you begin writing, it’s essential to understand why you’re writing the report and what you hope to achieve. Your purpose will guide the structure and content of your report. For example, if the report is to inform your colleagues
SESSION
MarCh 2023
PROGRAM
BACHELOR of business administration (BBA)
SEMESTER
III
course CODE & NAME
DBB2104 – Financial management
CREDITS
4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks
02
30 Marks each
Assignment Set – 1
Explain the functions of a financial manager in any organization.
Ans 1.
A finance manager is a person who is responsible for carrying out the functions of a finance department.
The main functions of finance managers
Raising of Funds:
This is a very important function of the finance manager. He has to plan for raising funds as required. There are two types of finances: one is debt and the other is equity. To raise the first type of fund, a finance manager has to communicate or mediate with the bank and/or financial institutions. To raise the second type of fund, a finance manager needs to deal with merchant bankers to mobilize the funds from the public by issuing shares or debentures and attracting the public to subscribe to its fixed deposits, etc. While procuring the funds, the manager has to decide how much funds (finance) are to be procured from various sources. He needs to consider
Calculate the present value of the following cash flows assuming a discount rate of 10% per annum.
Year Cash flows [₹]
1 10000
2 20000
3 30000
4 40000
5 50000
Ans 2.
The present value (PV) of future cash flows can be calculated using the formula:
PV = CF / (1 + r)^n
where:
PV is the present value
CF is the cash flow in the future
r is the discount rate
n is the number of periods
So the present value
Explain the significance of the concept of cost of capital. Discuss different component of cost of capital with example.
Ans 3.
Significance of cost of capital
The concept of cost of capital is used frequently in taking financial decisions such as investment, financing, credit decisions etc. Let us understand the significance for each of them.
Investment Decisions: When a firm has to evaluate an investment opportunity it uses the cost of capital for discount the cash flows expected from the project over its life time. Even if it uses IRR (Internal rate of return) criteria for the project selection, the IRR is compared with the overall cost of capital to take the
Assignment Set – 2
What are the sources of finance? Discuss the short term and long term sources of finance for the firm.
Ans 1.
Sources of finance
Finance is the lifeblood of business. Firms require financial resources to carry out their activities and achieve their objectives, such as buying assets, producing goods, paying employees,
The details regarding three companies are given below:
X Ltd Y Ltd Z Ltd.
r = 12% r = 8% r = 10%
Ke = 10 % Ke = 10 % Ke = 10 %
E = Rs. 100 E = Rs. 100 E = Rs. 100
Compute the value of an equity share of each of these companies applying Walter’s formula when the dividend pay-out ratio is (a) 0%, (b) 20%, (c) 40%,
Ans 2. The Walter’s Model is a mathematical model which calculates the value of a share based on dividend, retained earnings and the rate of return. The formula for Walter’s model is:
P = (D + (r / Ke) * (E – D)) / Ke
where:
P is
What is Working capital management? Discuss various factors that affect working capital requirement?
Ans 3.
Working capital management
WC typically means the firm’s holding of current or short-term assets such as cash, receivables, inventory and marketable securities. These items are also referred to as circulating capital. Corporate executives devote considerable amount of attention to the management of WC
SESSION
MARCH 2023
PROGRAM
BACHELOR of business administration (BBA)
SEMESTER
III
course CODE & NAME
DBB2105 – ADVERTISING AND SALES
CREDITS
4
nUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & Marks
02
30 Marks each
Assignment Set – 1
Define Advertising along with the history of the Advertising. In extension to the same write five basic components of Advertising.
Ans 1.
Advertising:
Advertising refers to the communication of a message or promotion by a company, organization, or individual, typically through various media channels, with the aim of reaching and influencing a target audience to take a specific action, such as purchasing a product or service, supporting a cause, or changing their perception or behavior.
Advertising is the non-personal communication of information usually paid for, and usually persuasive in nature about Its Half solved only
Discuss Hierarchy-of-Effects Model of advertising in detail.
Ans 2.
Hierarchy-of-Effects Model
Among advertising theories, the hierarchy-of-effects model is predominant. It helps clarify the objectives of an advertising campaign as well as the objective of a particular advertisement. It also aids the marketing team in identifying the best communications strategy. The model suggests that a consumer or a business buyer moves through a series of six steps
Detailed the Print Advertising. Explain the various Characteristics of the Print Media, also to include suitable examples to support your answer.
Ans 3.
Print Advertising
Print advertising includes printed advertisement in newspaper, magazines, brochures and on other printed surfaces, such as posters and outdoor boards. Readers find that reading publication is more flexible than watching or listening to broadcast because they can stop and re-read, read sections out of order or move through the publication at their own speed. As the print message format is
Assignment Set – 2
Define Sales Management along with various Strategies of the same in detail, also to add suitable examples to support your answer.
Ans 1.
According to American Marketing Association (AMA), Sales Management includes “Planning, direction and control of personal selling, including recruiting, selecting, equipping, assigning, routing, supervising, paying and motivating as these tasks apply to the sales force”. It can most easily be defined as planning, implementing, and controlling personal contact programs designed to achieve sales and profit objectives of the firm. In addition to management of
Detail the concept of Personal Selling. Also, to discuss the various objectives of Personal Selling.
Ans 2.
Concept of Personal Selling
Personal selling can be defined as an oral communication with the potential buyers of a product with the intention of making a sale. It may focus initially on developing a relationship with a prospect, but ultimately ends with an attempt to close the sale.
Personal selling is one of the most important methods to contact the prospective buyer personally and to
Explain various types of Sales Organization Structures, also to include suitable examples to support your answer.
Ans 3.
If sound practices are followed in setting up the sales department, the resulting structure takes on features of one or more of four basic types: line, line & staff, functional and committee. The grouping of activities into positions and the charting of relationships of positions causes the organization to take on structural form. The first two types (line and line & staff) are the most common. Functional and committee organizations are rare. Most sales departments have hybrid organizational
2. Define sentence. Write all types of sentences with two examples each.
Ans: A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought or idea, usually consisting of a subject and a predicate.
The first sentence if
3. Suppose you are asked to write a research document. Elaborate the steps you will
apply for writing.
Ans: Sure, here are the steps I would take for writing a research document:
Choose a topic:
The first step in writing a research document is to choose a topic that is of interest to you and relevant to your field of study.
Conduct research: Once you have chosen a topic, the next step is to conduct research to gather information and data that supports your thesis or research question. You can use various sources such as
1. Convert the below given sentences from Active Voice to Passive Voice:
I. Have you finished the report?
Ans: Has the report been finished by you?
ii. She has written a novel.
Ans: A novel has been
2. Illustrate the steps of making a flash card choosing any word of your choice. You
may use diagrams.
Ans: There are many ways to improve our vocabulary. Some of them are as under:
Flash Cards: Flash cards are an excellent method of reviewing both old and new vocabulary words. Not only are they the best way to learn vocabulary, you may also use them in other wa
3. What are the different types of questions that can be asked from a reading
Comprehension? Explain
Ans: Let us discuss each of the types and learn how to solve them. 1. The main point of the passage:
The main idea of a paragraph is the point the author is trying to make, minus all the details. After reading the passage given to you, summarize in your mind, what you’ve just read. This explanation is the main idea of the passage.
For example, a new
SESSION MARCH 2023
PROGRAM BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (B.COM.)
SEMESTER I
COURSE CODE & NAME DCM 1102– ECONOMIC THEORY
CREDITS 4
Assignment Set – 1
1. What is utility? Examine the importance of law of diminishing marginal utility in
demand analysis.
Ans: People buy goods and services since it provides them with a level of satisfaction which is referred to as utility. There are many economic theories based on the economic utility of a good or service, and it is necessary to understand the concept of utility since it has a direct impact on the demand and price of that good or service. Since it is not possible to measure and quantify the utility of
2. Write a note on factors affecting supply along with suitable examples.
Ans: FACTORS AFFECTING SUPPLY
Many important factors are involved in establishing the supply of a product or service. Any kind of change in any of these factors will have an impact on the supply of the product and can result in a change in the supply of the goods or services.
Some of these factors
3. Elucidate the concept of isoquants. Also discuss their types.
Ans: An isoquant is a locus of points that represent the different technically efficient ways of combining the factors of production for producing a fixed level of output. Isoquant term is taken from a Greek word ‘iso’ which implies ‘equal’ and ‘quantus’ that means ‘quantity’.
The isoquant curve is known as
Assignment Set – 2
4. Define monopolistic competition and price determination in it.
Ans: A monopolistic competition market is a kind of market system that has the combination of a monopoly and perfect competition markets. In the monopolistic competitive market system, many firms or sellers offer the same products, but they are not the perfect substitutes.
There are several competitors in the market, but the main point is that each competitor is differentiated from each other in terms of their product due to which some of them can charge higher prices than a
5. Critically analyze the subsistence theory of wage determination.
Ans: SUBSISTENCE THEORY OF WAGE DETERMINATION
The subsistence theory of wages was first explained by David Ricardo in around 1172- 1823. As per Ricardo, “The labourers are paid to enable them to subsist and perpetuate the race without increase or diminution”. This payment is referred to as ‘subsistence wages’. According to this theory, the determination of wages is by the cost of production of labour or subsistence level and the wages determined will remain unchanged. If the actual wages remain more than
6. Examine the concept of ‘Paradox of thrift’.
Ans: The paradox of thrift was a concept put forward by economist John Maynard Keynes and he believed that people normally try to save more during the period of economic recession. This results in the fall of aggregate demand and eventually leads to a decrease in the economic growth of the
SESSION MARCH 2023
PROGRAM BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (BCOM)
SEMESTER I
COURSE CODE & NAME DCM1105 – PRINCIPLES OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
CREDITS 4
Assignment Set – 1
1. Explain the skills that should be possessed by managers.
Ans: Managers must possess knowledge and skills to handle other employees and derive the required performance form
2. Discuss the steps involved in the process of selection.
Ans: Thus, selection can be defined as a process of choosing the best suitable candidate for the existing or future position in a company. Selection of employees is made based on company’s policies and
3. Differentiate between Open System and Closed System.
Ans: OPEN SYSTEM
An open system relies on the interactions in
Assignment Set – 2
4. Discuss benefits and limitations of MBO.
Ans: BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS OF MBO:-
MBO is beneficial to an organisation at all levels, including subordinates, superiors, and the enterprise itself.
The main benefits of MBO are
5. “To be a great leader one must possess various qualities to lead the followers successfully and earn their trust, respect, and loyalty.” Comment.
Ans: I completely agree with this statement. Being a great leader requires a combination of personal and professional qualities that enable them to inspire, motivate, and guide their followers towards achieving common goals.
Below are some of the essential qualities that great leaders should possess:
Visionary: A great leader should
6. Explain the various steps involved in the process of controlling.
Ans: Controlling is a step-by-step procedure that must be followed.
I. Setting Performance Goals
Ii. Actual Performance Evaluation
iii. Comparing Actual and Expected Results
iv. Detecting and Analysing Errors
v. Taking remedial action
Controlling is a systematic procedure that includes the following st
1. Explain basic structure of C program. Write a program to calculate the area of a circle.
Ans: A basic structure in C program can be viewed as a group of building blocks called functions. A function is a subroutine that may include one or more statements designed to perform a specific task.
To write a C program we first create functions and then put them together. A C program may contain one or more Its Half solved only
2. Describe control statements in C. Explain various control statements in C programming language.
Ans: The decision control statements are the decision making statements that decides the order of execution of statements based on the conditions. In the decision making statements the programmer specify which conditions are to be executed or tested with the statements to be executed if the
3. Discuss the purpose of storage class in C. Explain various types of storage class in C.
Ans: The storage class in the C language for determining the visibility, lifetime, initial value, and memory location of any given variable. The storage classes define the visibility (scope) and the lifetime of any function/ variable within a C program. These classes precede the type that they are going
Assignment Set – 2
4. Define an array. Explain the declaration and initialization of one dimensional and two-dimensional array with an example.
Ans: An array is defined as an ordered set of similar data items. All the data items of an array are stored in consecutive memory locations in RAM. The elements of an array are of same data type and each item can be accessed using the same name.
An array consisting of two subscripts
5 a. Define pointer. Explain the declaration and initialization of a pointer variable.
Ans: A pointer is a variable that points at, or refers to, another variable. That is, if we have a pointer variable of type “pointer to int, “it might point to the int variable i, or to any one of the locations of the int
5 b. Write a C program to illustrate the use of indirection operator toaccess the value pointed by a pointer.
Ans: The use of an indirection operator (*)is to access the value indirectly, through a pointer.
Indirection operator (*)
The Indirection Operator (*) is a unary operator that is used to get the value referenced by a pointer variable stored at
6 a. Define Structure and write the general syntax for declaring andaccessing structure members.
Ans: Structure Definition: A Structure definition creates a format that may be used to declare structure variables.
COURSE CODE & NAME DCA6104 – ADVANCED DATABASE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
Set – I
1. What do you mean by Normalization? How BCNF is different from 3NF?
Ans: Normalisation comprises of various set of rules which are used to make sure that the database relations are fully normalised by listing the functional dependencies and decomposing them into smaller, efficient tables.
2. Explain the eddy architecture and how it allows for extreme flexibility.
Ans: Eddy architecture is a machine learning architecture that is specifically designed for processing streaming data, such as those encountered in real-time data analytics or natural language processing applications.
The Eddy architecture is named after the swirling motion of water in eddies, as it seeks to capture and analyze data streams in a similar way. At a high level, the Eddy architecture consists of three
3. (A) Write a short note on Semantic query optimisation.
Ans: Semantic query optimisation is a technique to modify one query into another query by using the relational database constraints. These constraints may be unique attributes or much more complex constraints. This technique is used for the efficient execution of the query.
Let’s discuss this
Set – IInd
4. What are the major design issues of parallel system? How Intraquery is different from inter-Query parallelism?
Ans: Designing parallel systems is not an easy task.
Some major issues in parallel systems designs are discussed below:
5. (A) What is a persistent programming language? How can it be differentiated with embedded SQL? Illustrate
Ans: Persistent data is defined as the data that continue to occur even after program that generated it, has finished. A programming language which is expanded by means of constructs to manage persistent data is known as a persistent programming language.
A persistent
6. (a) Differentiate between RDBMS, OODBMS and ORDBMS
Ans: Introduction:
Criteria
RDBMS
ODBMS
ORDBMS
Defining standard
SQL2
ODMG-2.0
SQL3 (in process)
Support For object oriented features
No support provided; Program object is hard to be mapped to the database
Extensive Support provided
Restricted support; mainly to new data type
SESSION MARCH/APRIL 2023
PROGRAM MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (MCA)
SEMESTER I
COURSE CODE & NAME DCA6105 – COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
CREDITS 4
1. (A) What are the different stages of evolution of Computer Architecture? Explain in detail.
Ans:Zeroth Generation Computers: The zeroth generation of computers (1642-1946) was distinctly made available by the invention of largely mechanical computers. In 1642, a French mathematician named Blaise Pascal invented the first mechanical device which was called Pascaline. In 1822, Its Half solved only
(b) Explain difference between process and thread. Explain process state diagram in detail.
Ans:In computing, a process is an instance of a computer program that is being executed by a computer system. It consists of an executable code, memory space, system resources, and a set of data that the program is currently processing. A process is managed by the operating system, which allocates and
2. (a) Explain zero, one, two and three address instruction with the help of given instruction X= (A*B) + (C-D)
Ans:
In computer programming, an instruction is a statement that tells the computer what to do. There are different types of instructions, such as zero address, one address, two address, and three address instructions, which differ based on the number of operands they requ
3. (A) Explain different types of Hazards in pipelining.
Ans: There are three major categories of hazards that can affect normal operation of a pipeline.
1. Structural hazards (also called resource conflicts): They occur from resource conflicts when the hardware cannot support all possible combinations of instructions in simultaneous overlapped
SET-II
4. (A) Explain direct and associative mapping in detail.
Ans:Direct mapping
Associative memories are very costly as compared to RAM due to the additional logic association with all cells. Generally there are 2j words in main memory and 2k words in cache memory. The j-bit memory address is separated by 2 fields. K bits are used for index field. J-k bits are long-fie
5. (A) Explain fine-grained and coarse-grained architecture. Discuss differences between them.
Ans: In computer architecture, the terms fine-grained and coarse-grained refer to the level of granularity or detail in the design of a system. These terms are used to describe the level of concurrency and parallelism in the architecture, and they have a significant impact on the performance and scalability o
6. (a) What is RAID? Explain different levels of RAID.
Ans:RAID is the acronym for ‘redundant array of inexpensive disks’. There are several approaches to redundancy that have different overhead and performance. The Patterson, Gibson, and Katz 1987 paper introduced the term RAID. It used a numerical classification for these schemes that has
