What is “Competency of Contract”? How “discharge of contracts” occurs?
Ans: A person must be competent to enter into a contract according to the law. According to Section 11 of the Act, a person is competent to enter into a contract if he/she is:
Define contract of indemnity. Describe the rights of the indemnifier and the indemnity holder.
Ans: Sections 124 and 125 deal with contracts of indemnity. Section 124 provides that a contract of indemnity is one in which a party promises to save the other from a loss caused to him/her (the promisee) by the conduct of the promisor himself/herself or by the conduct of any other person. A contract of insurance is an
(a) What is a partnership?
Ans: A partnership is defined as “the relationship between persons who have agreed to share profits of a business carried on by all, or by any of them acting for all”. On analysis of the definition, certain essential elements of the partnership emerge. These elements must be present so as to form a
Assignment Set – 2
What do you mean by negotiable instruments? What are the various types of negotiable instruments recognised by the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881?
Ans: Documents that are freely used in commercial transactions and monetary dealings are known as negotiable instruments if they satisfy certain conditions. The term “negotiable instrument” refers to a written document transferable by mere delivery or by indorsement and delivery to enable the transferee to get a title in the instrument. An instrument may possess the characteristics of negotiability either
Describe the main features of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019.
Ans: Key features of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019
New Act has widened the definition of “consumer”, which includes offline and online transactions through electronic means or by teleshopping or direct selling or multi-level marketing.
District forum is renamed as
Explain the rights available to citizens under the RTI Act, 2005.
Ans: RTI stands for Right to Information. Right to Information Act 2005 mandates timely response to citizen requests for government information. Right to Information empowers every citizen to seek any information from the Government, inspect any Government documents and seek certified photocopies thereof. Right to Information also empowers citizens to official inspect any Government work or to take
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY CODE: DMBA301
Set – 1
Write the steps of Research Process in detail?
Ans:
Step 1: Defining and Formulating Research Problems: It is the first step for a research process. In this step the researcher has to convert a management problem to a research problem.
Give merits and demerits of Questionnaire and Interview method of data collection.
Ans: Merits of Questionnaire Method
Economical It is an efficient and economical way of gathering information. It saves time, money, and effort for both the sender and respondents. The researcher has to pay only for postage and paper printing.
Wide
Illustrate any four Probability Sampling Techniques
Ans: Probability sampling is a sampling technique in which researchers select samples from a larger population using a method created on probability theory. This sampling procedure or technique considers every member of the population and forms samples based on a fixed
Set – 2
Discuss any four Scaling Techniques of your choice.
Ans:
Nominal Data
It is the least complicated of the four forms of data.
Nominal, or categorical data, is divided into categories that cannot be ranked; each type is unique.
The available
Explain the concepts of Validity and Reliability with suitable examples.
Ans: Validity: Validity is one of the most important considerations in any study. Validity is the characteristic of a study that makes it reliable and empirical. The use of empirical scientific methods to make it reasonable and acceptable is known as validity. The validity of research can be improved by using
A brand manager is concerned that his brand’s share may be unevenly distributed throughout the country. In a survey in which the country was divided into four geographical regions, a random sampling of 100 consumers in each region was surveyed, with the following results:
Calculate the sample chi square (ꭓ 2) value and find at Alfa (α) = 0.05 and test whether brand share is the same across the four regions. Tabular value of Chi Square for Degree of Freedom = 3 and α = 0.05 is 0.352
Answer:
1) The null and alternative hypotheses for this test as follows:
H0: All brands share is the same across the four regions.
Ha: Not all brands share is the not same across the four regions.
Ans: The various approaches to HR audit include statistical, comparative approach, outside authority, compliance approach and Management By Objectives (MBO) approach. HR audit can be carried out by an internal audit team or an outside agency. Companies reap numerous benefits by conducting HR
What should you keep in mind while scheduling employee meetings/ events? What should the HR auditor do to ensure best practices in the team building systems?
Ans: Identify the purpose of the meeting
Do you need to make a decision, solve a problem, rally the troops, or inform your team about a new initiative? Clarifying
Assignment Set – 2
Do you think HR scorecard is an important tool? Why or why not?
Ans: The HR scorecard is a strategic HR measurement system that helps to measure, manage, and improve the strategic role of the HR department. The HR scorecard is meant to measure leading HR indicators of business performance. Leading indicators are measurements that predict future business grow
What are the different types of competencies? Explain with examples.
Ans: Now let us go through certain core competencies for professionals, the behavioural aspects associated to each of them, and elements pertaining to each of them.
Communication Skills: This does not necessarily refer to English speaking skills. There are various factors leading to effective
List the major findings in the study of the relationship between HR practices an business performance.
Ans: The belief that Human Resource management and development practices have linkages with organisational level outcomes has been the focus of the theoretical and conceptual work undertaken by Peters and Waterman (1982), Porter (1985), and Lawler (1986). Recent empirical work has highlighted the connections between HR practices like selection, performance appraisal, training, job
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
DHRM303– EMPLOYEE RELATIONS MANAGEMENT
Assignment Set – 1
What is ERM? Explain the New challenges for ERM in the modern workplace.
Ana: ERM is a process that develops and maintains employee relations, ensures employee satisfaction, increases productivity and improves employee morale. ERM enables employees to do their job in an efficient manner and achieve both corporate and personal goals.
What do you mean by Employee Engagement? Explain the factors affecting Employee Engagement in detail.
Ans: Employee engagement Mike Johnson describes employee engagement as a combination of commitment and organisational citizenship2. Organisations can be successful only if the employees have a feeling of job security, respect, recognition and purpose. Organisations that have good employee relations value teamwork and employee feedback. Engaged employees are more committed,
Write short notes on the following:
a) Common Disciplinary Procedures
Ans: Common disciplinary procedures Different organisations follow different disciplinary procedures. The disciplinary procedure followed in many organisations usually has the following steps:
Issuing a letter of charge: The
Assignment Set – 2
What do you mean by employee rewards? Explain the need of employee rewards in detail.
Ans: An employee reward system consists of an organisation’s integrated policies, processes, and practices for rewarding its employees. This is done in accordance with their contribution, skill, competence, and their market worth. It is developed within the framework of the organisation’s reward philosophy, strategies, and policies. It contains arrangements in the form of processes, practices, structures, and procedures. These arrangements will provide and maintain appropriate types and levels
Write short notes on the following:
a) Employee Wellness Plan
Ans: Employee wellness focuses on human resource management to reduce health problems. These health problems are caused by improper lifestyle choices such as smoking, obesity and lack of exercise.
What do you mean by Trade Union? Explain the reasons for joining Trade Union.
Ans: Trade Union: They promote and protect employee interests. Trade unions help in making decisions by following the process of collective bargaining and negotiations with the management. Good trade unions improve communication between the management and the employees. They also help in
MASTERS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
DHRM302, MANAGEMENT & ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Assignment Set – 1
Explain Lewin’s model of Organisational Change.
Ans: Lewin’s model of Organisational Change: Lewin’s Change Model, is a three step model given by the social scientist Kurt Lewin in the year 1951. He viewed behaviour as dynamic balance of forces working in Its Half solved only
Ans: Process of OD Nowadays, one of the most challenging tasks for the organisation is to bring out change by selecting and implementing the appropriate methods. The process of OD is very complex and it takes around a year or more for
Discuss the factors influencing ethical judgements with the help of examples.
Ans: Factors that Influence Ethical Judgements in a business, while taking ethical decisions and making judgements, the following factors must be taken into consideration:
Personal history: While making a judgement, personal history that is his cultural and his experiential
Set – 2
Explain the types of techno-structural interventions with the help of suitable examples.
Ans: There are various types of techno-structural interventions as follows:
Structural Design
Downsizing
Re-engineering
Parallel Structures
High-involvement Organisations (HIO’s)
Total Quality Management
Structural design You will find that structural design in contracted sense can be defined as the process in which reshaping of the organisation roles and structures are done. You can define it in a broader sense as the alignment of structures, rewards, processes, talent and metrics of an organisation with its business strategy. It
Write short notes on the following concepts:
a) Emerson’s Power-Dependence Theory
Ans: Emerson’s “Power-Dependence Theory”: This theory was developed by Richard Emerson, a primary architect of social exchange theory and power-dependence theory, (1962) who states the “actor A depend on actor B who is directly proportional to A’s motivational investment by B in the goals mediated as well as inversely proportional to the availability of these goals to A outside of A-B relation
Discuss the different types of qualitative evaluation methods available to managers.
Ans: Qualitative evaluation techniques: On the other hand include survey comments, focus group interviews and observations. Such techniques are more time consuming for analysis but provide a rich source of information about contextual data and subtleties. Therefore, a combination of both these evaluation methods remains fruitful in OD intervention evaluation. Organisation surveys are the best
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
DHRM301-MANPOWER PLANNING & SOURCING
Assignment Set – 1
Discuss the steps in manpower planning process.
Ans:
Manpower Planning Steps
The tasks under each planning step are given below:
Explain the Delphi technique of demand forecasting.
Ans: Delphi Technique This method is essentially a group process to achieve a consensus forecast. This method calls for selection of a panel of experts either from within or outside the organization. A series of questionnaire are prepared from the responses received from a prior set of questions in
Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of E-recruitment.
Ans: Advantages & Disadvantages
There are many advantages of e-recruitment; both to the employers and to the job hunters, but it also has a few disadvantages too.
Advantages of E-Recruitment
Cost of posting jobs
Assignment Set – 2
Write short notes on the following concepts:
a) Competency Mapping
Ans: Competency Mapping: Competency-based HR is considered the best HR. Competency development and mapping still remains an unexplored process in most organizations. Level 3 of People Capability Maturity Model focused on the competency framework in an organization. The challenge is that
Elaborate the selection process in selecting the right candidate.
Ans: Planning and selecting the right candidates for the right job is a difficult process. Selecting the wrong candidate works against the organization as it is extremely time consuming for the HR managers and expensive to the work environment.
But selecting the right candidate, on
Describe the causes of employee turnover in an organization.
Ans: Employee turnover may happen on account of the following:
Redundancy
Non-performance
Non-compliance
Redundancy Employees are redundant when they are in excess of the requirements of the employer. Employees are
Determine causal research. Give examples to explain your answer.
Ans: Causal research: Most people interpret scientific experimentation and research as studies to establish cause and effect relationships. Experiments on causal relationships investigate the effect of one or more variables on one or more outcome variables. This type of research also determines if one variable Its Half solved only
What do you mean by Experimental Designs? Explain the nine types of Experimental designs.
Ans: Experimental Designs: This kind of study is a process that plans natural order events to meet specific objectives. In this method, certain factors are controlled to see the effect on certain other factors. Here
Examine the process of designing a questionnaire.
Ans:
These are explained as follows:
Decide the information required: Decide the things which should be collected from the respondents. Thus, a small number of informal interviews should be taken from the respondents which help in making
Assignment Set – 2
Discuss the concept of data editing.
Ans: Then data editing and coding processes are used. After that data cleaning is used in which different statistical software is used. The last step of the process is preliminary data analysis in qualitative research which you will study in the end. In qualitative marketing research, data analysis is done with the
Express in detail about Research Report and its characteristics.
Ans: A research report is an oral presentation or a written document established on a written document that conveys the purpose, scope, objectives, hypotheses, methodology, findings, limitations, and ultimately, recommendations of a research project to others. You will find that a report is a very
What do you mean by advertising Research? Also explain the need for advertising Research.
Ans: Advertising research assists in measuring the effectiveness of promotion as well as describing the shifts in the marketplace. You must be aware that each consumer product marketing executive generally knows that although companies spend around 10% to 30% of revenue on advertising and
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
DMKT303 – RETAIL MARKETING
Assignment Set – 1
Explain the major factors of macro environment which impact the survival of retail business.
Ans: The major factors of macro environment which impact the survival of retail business:-
Demographic Environment Retailers are keenly interested in the size of the population – Gender, income patterns and distribution. Changing nature and volume of population are linked to the demographic factors like – how people are conducting themselves in the new world by increasing per capita income, Its Half solved only
Discuss the various types of store layout with advantages and disadvantages.
Ans: There are several types of store layout. Let us now look at each of them in detail.
Racetrack form This layout ensures the shoppers start from the point where they enter the stores, flow through the entire store and then get back to where they started from. In lifestyle stores this called forced
Define retail merchandising. Explain the steps followed in merchandise management process.
Ans: Retail merchandising refers to the process used to conduct retail sales. As part of the process, the merchandiser pays close attention to the different types of products offered for sale, how to present those products to consumers in a best way, and determine a reasonable retail price for each unit
Assignment Set – 2
Differentiate between private label and national brand. Explain the growth drivers of private label.
Ans: National brand is a type of product brand name that is nationally distributed. Such brands are developed and managed by brand managers and are available widely at a variety of retail outlets all over the country. In many cases, these are also widely accepted by people worldwide.
Among Indian national
Describe the various methods adopted by retailers to enter global market.
Ans: Generally the industry talks of five modes of market entry as practiced by the International Retailers.
Non Controlling Interest
This approach is generally practised by Companies in their initial stages of expansion. When they do not have extensive experience in setting up international operations and when there is a lack of sufficient market intelligence as well as understanding of the foreign market, the international retailer
Define retail pricing. What are the factors influencing retail prices?
Ans: The price at which the product is sold to the end customer is called the retail price of the product. Retail price is the summation of the manufacturing cost and all the costs that retailers incur at the time of charging the customer.
Market factors: Different pricing practices may be followed in different markets or cities. In particular, market type, be it a metropolitan city or a small city, may be associated with a particular pricing
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
DMKT302 CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR
Assignment Set – 1
Explain various consumers buying motives.
Ans: Consumers are defined as individuals or businesses that consume or use goods and services. Customers are the purchasers within the economy that buy goods and services, and they can exist as consumers or alone Its Half solved only
What is the tri-component model of attitude formation?
Ans: Tri-Component Attitude Model According to this model, attitudes consist of three main components:
Cognitive component (knowledge, beliefs)
Affective component (emotions, feelings)
Conative component (behavioural aspect)
Cognitive component Consumers’ beliefs about an attitude-object are the attributes they ascribe to it. These beliefs result from an individual’s cognitions or knowledge and perceptions obtained by experience with the attitude object and allied information. For most attitude objects, consumers have a number of beliefs and that a specific behaviour will result in a specific outcome.
For example,
How do consumer lifestyles influence cconsumer buying decisions?
Ans: Lifestyle has a significant positive influence on purchase decision. Marketing stimulation and personal value also has a positive significant impact on the influence of purchase decision and brand selection. The purpose of the study is to examine the influence of life style on consumer decision making process
Lack of consumer involvement – A favourable attitude requires a need or motive before it can be translated into
Assignment Set – 2
Differentiate between enculturation and acculturation.
Ans:
BASIS FOR COMPARISON
ENCULTURATION
ACCULTURATION
Write down the consumer decision-making process.
Ans:
Why is Nicosia Model of Consumer Decision-making known as Conflict Model?
Ans: Francesco Nicosia was one of the first to develop consumer behaviour model in the early 1960s and shift focus from the act of purchase itself to the more complex decision process that consumers engage in
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
DMKT301 SALES DISTRIBUTION & SUPPLY CHAINMANAGEMENT
Assignment Set – 1
Define Sales Management? What are its objectives?
Ans: In the words of Rachman and Romano, “Sales Management includes recruiting, selecting, training, supervising, motivating and evaluating the salesforce.”
According to B.R. Canfield, “Sales Management involves the direction and control of salesmen, sales planning, budgeting, Its Half solved only
Ans: It has been proven time and again that increased motivation leads to improved performance. When you prove to the channel how much you value them, you are rewarded in the form of higher productivity, increased sales, and greater end-user satisfaction.
Distributors need constant suppor
Wholesalers confront many problems. Justify the statement.
Ans: The wholesale industry has played an important role in the distribution chain for more than a century. However, as many wholesalers struggle to keep their market share, the stakes are getting higher. Several of the
Assignment Set – 2
What is Vertical market system? Explain its components
Ans: A Vertical Marketing System (VMS) is made up of the key distribution channel partners, such as the manufacturer, wholesaler, and retailer, who work together as a single entity to meet the customers’ needs. In the
What is demand planning? Explain its types
Ans: Demand Planning is defined “as the practice of creating forecasts that predict the future need for the products. This demand might be external—in the form of customer orders or projections from marketing—
Write short notes on the following w.r.t. Supply chain management
Push approach
Ans: Push Approach: The real demand decides the inventory to be produced in the push model. As a result, it is focused on the individual customer and employs a marketing strategy.
To begin, when I use the term “supply chain,” I mean the process of transforming raw materials into a product and
COURSE CODE & NAME- COMPUTER AWARENESS AND INTERNET (DCM1201)
Set – 1
1. a) Explain the Number System?
Ans: A number system is defined as a system of writing to express numbers. It is the mathematical notation for representing numbers of a given set by using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner. It provides a unique representation of every number and represents the arithmetic and algebraic structure of the figures.
b) Illustrate the decimal to Binary Conversion with suitable example?
Ans: All number systems have a base that is determined by the total number of digits represented in the system. The binary number system, for example, has a base of two since it only uses two digits to express a number. Similarly, the decimal number system has a base of ten since each number is
2. What are the major peripheral devices in computer system and what are their functionality?
Ans: Peripheral devices are those devices that are linked either internally or externally to a computer. These devices are commonly used to transfer data. The most common processes that are carried out in a computer are entering data and displaying processed data. Several devices can be used to receive data and display processed data. The devices used to perform these functions are called
3. List some advantages and disadvantages of serial file organization?
Ans: Serial access or sequential access means serial or sequential access of data, i.e., right from the starting address to the end address; data is serially picked up from the memory and transmitted one by one. Serial means ‘No Random Access’ which implies that if required data is present in the last address cells of the memory then the data that is present in the target address could only be fetched after all the data located in the initial addresses are read. An example of serial access memory
Set – 2
1. a) Explain the term distributed data processing?
Ans: Distributed Data Processing (DDP) can be described as the organizing of networked computers wherein the data processing capabilities are extended throughout the network. In DDP, particular jobs
b) List some important features of distributed data processing?
Ans: Features of distributed systems
Due to the ability of the distributed systems to perform a variety of tasks, independently, it has numerous features. Some of the features of the DDP system are listed as follows:
DDP systems
2. Differentiate between parallel and serial transmission?
Ans: Parallel Transmission One or more bytes of data are sent over two or more wires. Each wire transmits one digit of binary code. Therefore, sending one byte (8 bits) of data requires 8 wires as shown in Figure . In this type of transmission, it is necessary to detect where each byte of data is separated from the next. Normally, this detection is made on elapsed time base. The interface of a printer with PC is a
3. a) What do you mean by digital signature?
Ans: Digital Signature (DS) follows authentication mechanism. A code is attached with messages in DS. Primarily, the signature is generated by hashing the message and then later this message is encrypted with the sender’s private key. DS is based on public key encryption. A signature confirms that integrity and source of message is correct. NIST (National Institute of Standards
b) List some characteristics of digital signature?
Ans: A digital signature is therefore a key part of the advanced electronic signature and qualified electronic signature, but not of the simple electronic signature. A simple electronic signature would be, for example, a personal identification number (PIN) entered at a cash machine or clicking on “accept” or “do not agree” on a “terms and agreements”
SEMESTER II
BACHELOR of COMMERCE (B COM)
SESSION May 2022
course CODE & NAME PROGRAM- 1202 Marketing Management
Set – 1ST
1. Write a note on classification of market based on:
A.Business volume
B.User
Ans: Business Volume or “BV” means the BV point value assigned to each product of Company. BV for each product detailed in List of Product Trading via Multi-level Sales Method of Company, can be amended and supplemented from time to time after notification to competent state agencie
2. Explain ‘Exchange’ and ‘Modern’ concept of marketing.
Ans: Exchange is an act of obtaining a desired product or service from someone by offering something in return. ‘Marketing’ occurs when people decide to satisfy their needs and wants through exchange. Marketing, thus, involves exchange of a product between a seller and a buyer based on monetary considerations. The exchange concept of marketing holds that exchange is the central idea of marketing Its Half solved only
Ans: PEST analysis stands for “Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis”. It describes a framework of macro-environmental factors used in the environmental scanning component of strategic management. It is a part of the external analysis when conducting a strategic analysis or doing market research, and gives an overview of the different macro environmental factors that the company has to take into consideration. It is a useful strategic tool for understanding
Set – 2ND
1. Write short notes on following topics:
Brand Equity
Promotion
A) Brand Equity
Ans: The brand must be positioned in a manner that it occupies a particular space in the consumer’s mind forever. This concept is called as “Renting mind space”. The positioning of the brand helps to answer questions such as “What is the brand?” and “What is in it for the consumer?” By providing the
2. (A) Distinguish between goods & services with suitable examples.
Ans:
BASIS FOR COMPARISON
GOODS
SERVICES
(B) What is the basic classification of goods?
Ans: 1) Consumer goods Market: They are also called as B2C (Business-to- Consumers) markets and here, products are purchased for consumption by end users or ultimate consumers. Alternatively called final goods, consumer goods are the end result of production and manufacturing and are what a consumer will see on the store shelf. We can further classify consumer
3. “Green marketing is gaining importance.” Do you agree? Give reasons.
Ans: Here, term ‘green’ is indicative of purity. Green means pure in quality and fair or just in dealing. For example, green advertising means advertising without adverse impact on society. Green message means matured and neutral facts, free from exaggeration or ambiguity. Green marketing is highly
BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (B.COM)
DCM1203_FUNDAMENTALS OF ACCOUNTING II
Assignment Set – 1
1. a) Explain del credere commission in consignment?
Ans: This commission is given to the consignee to cover the risk of loss due to bad debts. If the del credere commission is provided, then the consignee is responsible for all losses that might arise on accounts of bad debts. In other words, loss due to bad debts resulting from the credit sales is transferred Its Half solved only
b) Arvind from Bandra sent 100 Bicycles costing ₹ 30,000 to Kavita from Thane on a consignment basis by spending ₹ 3,000 towards freight. Kavita spent ₹ 400 on cartage, ₹ 750 on godown’s rent and sold 80 bicycles. Calculate the value of unsold stock on consignment.
Ans:
2. Explain the differences between Departments and Branches.
Ans: A branch and a department may look similar because both are a division of the organisation, but the two entities are not same. A branch of an organisation may have many departments, but a department do not have any branches. We shall now look at the different basis of distinction, enlisted in the Fig. 1 which highlights the differences between the branch and the
3. Write the journal entries which are passed in the books of Landlord and Lessee in connection with Royalties.
Ans: Zen is the owner of Mine A, located in Gujarat. He enters a royalty agreement with Kapoor Ltd. As per the agreement, the minimum rent is Rs 5, 00,000 and the Royalty amount is Rs 100 per ton of production every month. The output in various years is as follows:
• 2017: 4000 tons
•
Assignment Set – 2
4. a. Describe the rights of a retired partner.
Ans: A retired partner continues to be liable to the third party for acts of the firm till such time that he or other members of the firm give a public notice of his retirement. However, if the third party deals with the firm without knowing that he was a partner in the firm, then he will not be liable to the
b. Explain the essential characteristics of a Partnership firm.
Ans: 1. Contract for Partnership
Partnership is the result of a contract. It does not arise from status, operation of law or inheritance. Thus, at the time
5. Rajesh and Ramesh are partners sharing profits in the ratio 3:2. Raman is admitted as a new partner and the new profit-sharing ratio is decided as 5:3:2. The following revaluations are made. Pass journal entries and prepare revaluation account.
(a) The value of building is increased by ₹ 15,000.
(b) The value of the machinery is decreased by ₹ 4,000.
(c) Provision for doubtful debt is made for ₹ 1,000.
Ans: Solution
6. How is a partnership firm converted into a company? Write the journal entries in the books of a partnership firm at the time sale of a firm to a company.
Ans:
There should be a minimum of
BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (B.COM)
BUSINESS LAW (DCM1204)
Set – 1
1. Explain the essentials of valid contracts as per Indian Contract Act 1872.
2. Distinguish between “General Offer” and “Specific Offer”.
Ans:
General Offer
Specific Offer
1. General Offer is an offer to the public at large
1. Specific offer is an offer to specific individual
3. Briefly discuss the capacity of persons of unsound mind as per Indian Contract Act.
Ans: Section 12 of the Act defines a person of unsound mind as follows:
A person is said to be of sound mind for the purpose of making a contract if at the time when he makes it, he is capable of understanding it, and of forming a rational judgment as to its effect upon his interests. An idiot, lunatic
Set – 2
1. Explain the consumer grievance redressal machinery under consumer protection act 2019.
Ans: This Act aims to safeguard the interests of consumers and provides for the settlement of consumer disputes through Consumer Commissions. The old law relating to consumer rights, i.e. the Consumer Protection Act, 1986, was found to be obsolete, which is why the new Act of 2019 came to be enacted.
The Consumer Protection Act is a comprehensive and detailed law that contains numerous provisions aimed
2. Discuss the implied conditions in a contract of sale under sale of goods act 1930.
Ans: This Act governs the contracts relating to Sale of Goods. It deals with the contracts for sale of movable property like vehicles, furniture etc. The Act has prescribed rules and provisions pertaining to modes of transferring movable goods. It contains provisions stipulating the rights and duties
BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (B.COM.)
DCM1205 FUNDAMENTALS OF ENTERPRENEURSHIP & INNOVATION
Set – 1
1. Critically analyze the ‘Risk Bearing Theory’ propounded by Frank H. Knight.
Ans: Frank H. Knight (1957) regarded profit as the gift for taking non-insurable risks and uncertainties in his book titled ‘Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit.’ Entrepreneurship and riskbearing go hand in hand. Now let us have a look at the concept of risks. Some risks can be measured and can be Its Half solved only
2. Evaluate the role of Entrepreneurial Development Programs in India in helping an individual to become a successful entrepreneur.
Ans: The four roles are being played by the EDP. These roles help an individual in becoming a successful entrepreneur. Let us discuss the role of EDP:
• Stimulatory role: This role focuses on influencing people to become an entrepreneur. This includes:
3. “Innovation is the hallmark of entrepreneurship”. Appraise the reasons for referring “innovation” as the basic function of an entrepreneur.
Ans: Innovation leads to creation, as a result of which new and improved products are
launched into the market. This brings about a surge in employability as new job avenues open up. With an increase in job
Set – 2
1. “Entrepreneur is generator of employment opportunities in a country.” Discuss.
Ans: An entrepreneur creates lot of employment opportunities for different sections of society. By generating opportunities, the entrepreneur adds to the economic growth. Setting up a new venture leads to creation of new opportunism for labour, supplier of inputs, supplier of industrial equipments, marketing
2. Discuss the legal requirements that are essential for an entrepreneur to focus upon while promoting an enterprise.
Ans: From forming a founders’ agreement to protecting intellectual property, entrepreneurs must be aware and
3. “The barriers are not the same for all individuals in the society.” Justify the statement illustrating the entrepreneurial journey of any first-generation entrepreneur of India.
Ans: 1. Financing
Getting funds for your business is one of the main issues that all businesses face and have to tackle to survive. While you might have saved initial money to start a business, it won’t help you survive for long. Steady cash flow is crucial for businesses to endure, and you always need to have extra funds to
B.COM
DCM61206 – ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT IN INDIA
Set – 1
1. How does Human resources affect development of a nation? “Without development, economic growth is possible”. Comment on the given statement.
Ans: Without development, economic growth is possible. Sometimes, GDP increases but there are least improvements in living standards, implying economic development cannot be seen. The reasons are as follows:
2. Discuss the classification of Technology. How does a Human factor affect development of a country?
Ans: With skilled human resources, a country increases the production of different goods and services. Human resources bring new technology, which is necessary factor in bringing development to the country. It also helps in the development of transportation, communication, the supply of labour, etc. Following
3. Write a short note on LPG? What changes did Liberalization bring in the Country?
Ans: Liberalisation Privatisation Globalisation (LPG) model of development was introduced in 1991 with the objective of making the Indian economy as the fastest developing economy. The reforms of LPG model were referred to as ‘structural adjustments’. Post LPG model, the growth of Indian economy went up as 8% per annum.
Normally, the gas is stored
Set – 2
1. “There is a direct and indirect relationship between poverty and unemployment”. Comment. Also discuss the steps taken by government to control unemployment.
Ans: Yes there do exist a direct and positive relationship between unemployment and poverty. Unemployment leads to poverty and poverty in turn leads to unemployment.
An unemployed person has no means to earn money and cannot fulfill his own and his familys basic needs. He and his family
2. Agriculture helps in economic development, industrial development and supply of foreign currency. Explain.
Ans: Role of technology in Health Advances: Technology has made advancements in healthcare facilities, such as artificial intelligence, robotics, or nanotechnology. Advanced technologies can help in early detection of health problems and thus decrease the mortality rate. The fast information
3. Discuss the role of Private sector in Indian agriculture and Employment Generation.
Ans: 1. Industrial Development:
During the pre-independence period, the private sector has played a responsible role in Indian economy where it set up and expanded cotton and jute textiles, sugar, paper, edible oil, tea etc. After independence, the national government gave sufficient stress on industrialization.
2. Agriculture:
In India agriculture and other allied activities like animal husbandry, dairying, poultry etc. are playing a dominant role as it contributes nearly 30 per cent of GDP and it provided employment to nearly 67 per cent of the total
1. Discuss the importance of effective business communication at workplace. What is the role of the formal and informal channels of communication in building up a good communication network.
Ans: Importance of effective business communication:- Effective communication occurs when a message is sent and received accurately. Just because you believe you are communicating ideas and information properly in your organization, does not necessarily mean it is effective
2. Premature evaluations and hurried conclusion distort listening. Discuss in detail and write the solution for the same.
Ans: Sometimes the receiver of information tries to dig out meaning without much thinking at the time of receiving or even before receiving information, which can be wrong. This type of evaluation is a hindrance in the exchange of information and the enthusiasm of the sender gets
Premature Evaluation:
Rogers and
3. How does general writing differ from business writing, in terms of language, style and tone
Having dealt with writing in general, we will now discuss the specifics of business writing. As pointed out earlier, the language, style and tone of business writing is very different from general writing. Therefore, we will examine these aspects in detail.
Tone
We discussed tone of voice
Assignment Set – 2
4. Illustrate the five steps of SQ3R techniques of reading.
Ans: SQ3R technique of reading was developed by Robinson in his book “Effective Study” (1970). SQ3R stands for the initial letters of the five steps shown in
5. Explain the principles of writing a business letter. Write a note on types of business letter.
Ans: The principles that govern writing business letters are:
Consideration and courtesy – It is very important to retain the goodwill of customers and other external public. A discourteous, rude letter can make you lose business. Therefore, the business letter should be extremely polite at
6. Highlight the specific objectives of corporate advertising. Explain the different types of corporate advertising.
Ans: To create positive attitude towards the organisation – Sometimes, consumers may have negative perceptions towards an organisation, based on the belief that the organisation is not a responsible corporate citizen. For example, public may believe that the organisation is responsible for environmental
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)
DBB1202 – FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
Assignment Set – 1
1. Explain different types of accounting concepts in detail.
Ans: Accounting is an ancient art. In India, it existed in the times of Chandra Gupta Maurya. Chanakya (Kautilya) speaks of accounting and auditing in his famous work ARTHASHASTHRA.
Types of accounting:-
Business Entity Concept: Business Entity Concept refers to the concept where it is considered that the owners of the business are separate from the business. All the books of accounts are maintained Its Half solved only
2. From the following details, pass the necessary closing entries.
Stockon1-1-2003PurchasesBad debtsSalesReturns to suppliersReturns from customersWages and salariesCarriage on purchasesCartage on salesDepreciation on Machinery
4,00015,00050030,0002,0001,0005,0001,0002001,000
FreightFactory rentOffice rentGeneral expensesHeating and lightingDiscount allowed Discount receivedCommission(Cr.)InsuranceClosing stock
8001,0002,4005007003004005002006,000
Answer:
Note: We will assume that the given account is a profit and loss account. The expenses that are already recorded in the trading account aren’t required to be recorded in the profit and loss account. So no closing entries are required for those expenses.
The following are the closing
3. Define Bank Reconciliation Statement. Discuss various reasons for difference in balance of cash book and passbook.
Ans: Business concern maintains the cash book for recording cash and bank transactions. All the bank transactions will be recorded in the bank column of cash book and cash transactions will be in the cash column. In Cash book all deposits/receipts will be recorded on the debit side of cash book and all withdrawals/payments will be recorded on the credit side. The format of three columnar cash book is
Assignment Set – 2
4. Describe in detail different types of shares.
Ans: 1. Preference Shares: Preference shares are those shares on which there is a preferential right as
(a) Payment of periodic dividends
(b) distribution of assets
5. Define debentures and summarize the classification of debentures.
Ans: A Debenture is a unit of loan amount. When a company intends to raise the loan amount from the public it issues debentures. A person holding debenture or debentures is called a debenture holder. A debenture is a document issued under the seal of the company. It is an acknowledgment of
6. Discuss different methods used for calculation of depreciation in detail.
Ans: Straight line method: It is considered to be the most commonly used method of depreciation. Straight line method of depreciation is also known as fixed instalment or Original cost method. A fixed or equal amount as a percentage on the original cost of the asset is charged as depreciation in this method. To
SESSION
FEB/MARCH 2022
PROGRAM
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)
SEMESTER
II
COURSE CODE & NAME
DBB1203 – HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
CREDITS
4
NUMBER OF ASSIGNMENTS & MARKS
0230 Marks each
Set – I
Q1. Discuss the concept of Human Resource Management. Detailed its objectives and Scope.
Answer:
Human Resource Management: Management Human Resource Management (HRM) is a process of bringing people and organisations together so that the goals of each are met. It is the art of procuring, developing, and maintaining competent workforce to achieve the goals of the organisation.
Q2. Write a detailed note on the concept of Human Resource Planning along with importance of the concept.
Answer:
Concept of Human Resource Planning
Human resource planning is a forward looking function. It tries to assess human resource requirements in advance keeping market fluctuations, demand forecasts and availability of right candidates, etc., in the background. According to Terry, Human Resource Planning (HRP) is a set of
Q3. Discuss the concept of Recruitment in detail. Also, to explain the process of Recruitment, include suitable examples to support your answer.
Ans:
Concept of Recruitment: Recruitment is a linking function. It is a joining process in which it tries to bring together job seekers and employers. The basic purpose of recruitment is to finding the best talent in the job market and absorbing them in the company.
To have good
Set – II
Q4. Explain the term Training? Discuss the various methods for on the job Training.
Ans:
Training: Training helps people in choosing, utilising and evaluating their experiences. Different people have defined training in different ways. According to H. John Bernardin, “Training is any attempt to improve employee performance on a currently held job or one related to it.” In other words, we can say that training focuses on current jobs and it is concerned with specific
Q5. Discuss the concepts of Performance Appraisal while having light on the process of Performance Appraisal.
Ans:
Concept of Performance Appraisal:
Performance appraisal is the process of obtaining, analysing and recording information about the relative worth of an employee. The focus of the performance appraisal is measuring and improving the actual performance and also the future potential of the employee. Its aim is to measure what an employee
Q6. List out the major difference between Domestic and International Human Resource Management while having light on the importance of International Human Resource Management.
Ans:
Difference between Domestic and International Human
The major differences between domestic and international HRM are:
More HR activities: The scope of International Human Resource Management is broader than domestic HR. There are number of activities where domestic HR may not be engaged in such as international taxation, international relocation, host government relation, language
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)
DBB1204 – QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Assignment Set – 1
1. Discuss various dimensions of Quality with suitable examples.
Ans: Research work has suggested that customers are heavily influenced by different dimensions in determining quality level of a product or services. In fact, quality symbolises many aspects of what a customer perceives and wants. The definition of quality often becomes a debatable issue. The most fundamental definition Its Half solved only
2. List the different ways of enhancing the top management’s commitment towards quality.
Ans: Key Elements of Total Quality:-
The total quality has two components: what and the how total quality. What distinguish total quality from other approaches to doing business is the how component of the definition. This component has eleven critical elements
3. Explain the various criteria for the organisations to select appropriate suppliers.
Ans: Criteria for selecting a supplier
Suppliers play a critical role in helping companies succeed. In order to find the right ones, businesses need to consider a number of critical factors, including:
Price
Assignment Set – 2
4. Discuss the Quality Management Principles in detail.
Ans: The following section provides a concise description of the seven quality management principles.
Customer focused organisation The ISO 9001:2008 standard lays great importance upon understanding the
5. Discuss the process of benchmarking and quote a suitable example of a company’s benchmarking process.
Ans: No particular model has been devised so far that could be implemented universally. The process of benchmarking could vary from organisation to organisation depending on their needs and culture. Let us discuss the general process of benchmarking.
Let us discuss the general
6. “Employee motivation leads to involvement”. Justify this statement with a suitable example.
Ans: Employee involvement refers to any activity by which employees participate in work-related decisions and improvement activities with the objectives of tapping the creative energies of all employees and improving their motivation.
It means that every
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)
DBB1205 – RETAIL MANAGEMENT
Assignment Set – 1
1. Define retail strategy. Discuss the various strategies adopted by retailers to grow their business.
Ans: Retail strategy is about corporate survival and prosperity in a changing retail environment. It is about environmental analysis, identification of factors that are critical to success, recognition and building of corporate competences, developing, maintaining and communicating the strategic direction to the staff, Its Half solved only
2. The classification of retail stores can be summarized in store and non-store formats. List and explain sub-categories of both store and non-store format.
Ans: 1. Store retail format
The following are the types of retail stores under store retail format:
Convenience store: It is
3. Do you think that the selection of retail store site can be systematic based on certain parameters and steps to be followed? Justify the context with description.
Ans: On the other hand, it may be a systematic process, which would be based on certain parameters and steps to be followed. After identifying the region, the following steps have to be followed:
1.
Assignment Set – 2
4. Define retail pricing. What are the factors influencing retail prices? Elaborate various pricing strategies available with the retailers.
Ans: Pricing is the process of determining what an organisation will receive in exchange for its products and services. Pricing of a product of service depends on factors like manufacturing cost, market place, competition, market
5. What are the two most common methods used to analyze the merchandise performance? Explain in detail.
Ans: Whatever source is chosen, retailer must decide a procedure to analyse the merchandise performance with regard to addition or deletion of SKUs, vendors and departments as an on-going process. These decisions
6. Discuss the various types of store layout with examples.
Ans: Store layout refers to the interior retail store arrangement of departments or groupings of merchandise. It is important for the retailers to evolve a customer friendly layout. This involves paying adequate attention to factors such as:
Expected movement of customers visiting the store.
1. What are the different types of research techniques that can be conducted by a researcher? Discuss with the help of a suitable example.
Ans: Though every research conducted is unique, it is possible to categorize the research approach that you may decide to take. Figure summarizes the types of research.
Sometimes, research may be done for a purely academic reason of a need to know. For example, studies on employee dissatisfaction and attrition led to the study of impact of fixed working hours on family life and responsibilities.
Exploratory research
As the name suggests, exploratory research is used to gain a deeper understanding of the issue or problem that is troubling the decision maker. The idea is to provide direction to subsequent and more structured and rigorous research. The following are some Its Half solved only
2. What are the steps involved in writing the research proposal? Discuss with the help of suitable example. Explain different kinds of research proposals that can be formulated.
Ans: A research proposal is a formal document that presents the research objectives, design of achieving these objectives and the expected outcomes/deliverables of the study. This step is essential both for academic and corporate research, as it clearly establishes the research process to be followed to address the research questions.
Contents of a research proposal
There is a broad framework that most proposals
3. How would you define research designs? What are the three principles to be taken care of when selecting a research design? Discuss Exploratory and Descriptive design with example.
Ans: Research design as ‘the specification of methods and procedures for acquiring the information needed. It is the overall operational pattern or framework of the project that stipulates what information is to be collected from which sources by what procedures. If it is a good design, it will ensure that the information obtained is relevant to the research questions and that it was collected by objective and economical procedures.’
Thus, the formulated design must ensure three basic principles:
Assignment Set – 2
4. Distinguish between secondary and primary methods of data collection. How can secondary data be classified? Elaborate on each type with the help of suitable examples.
Ans:
Primary Data
Secondary Data
Definition
Primary data are those that are collected for the first time.
Secondary data refer to those data that have already been collected by some other person.
Originality
These are original because these are collected by the investigator for the first time.
These are not original because someone else has collected these for his own purpose.
Nature of Data
These are in the form of raw materials.
These are in the finished form.
5. What are the steps involved in the questionnaire design? Explain in detail the questionnaire design process.
Ans: Even though the questionnaire method is most used by researchers, designing a well-structured instrument needs considerable skill. Presented below is a standardized process that a researcher can follow.
Questionnaire Design Process
A questionnaire is a list of questions or items used to gather data from
6. What are the guidelines for effective report writing? Illustrate with the help suitable examples.
Ans: Listed below are some features of a good research study that should be kept in mind while documenting and preparing the report.
Clear report mandate: While writing the research problem statement and study background, the writer needs to be absolutely clear in terms of why and how the problem was formulated.
Clearly designed methodology: Any research study has its unique orientation and scope and thus has a specific and customized research design
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)
DBB2105 – ADVERTISING AND SALES
Assignment Set – 1
1. Discuss the concept of Advertising along with its five basic components. Throw some light on the history of the Advertising.
Ans: Advertising is a form of communication used to persuade an audience (viewers, readers or listeners) to take some action with respect to products, ideas or services. Most commonly, the desired result is to drive consumer behavior with respect to a commercial offering, although political and ideological advertising is also common. Advertising messages are usually paid for by sponsors and viewed via Its Half solved only
2. Write a detailed note on Hierarchy-of-Effects Model of advertising in detail.
Ans: Hierarchy-of-Effects Model
Among advertising theories, the hierarchy-of-effects model is predominant. It helps clarify the objectives of an advertising campaign as well as the objective of a particular advertisement. It also aids the marketing
3. Discuss the Print Advertising. Also, to explain the Characteristics of the Press, include suitable examples to support your answer.
Ans: Print advertising includes printed advertisement in newspaper, magazines, brochures and on other printed surfaces, such as posters and outdoor boards. Readers find that reading publication is more flexible than watching or listening to broadcast because they can stop and re-read, read sections out of
Assignment Set – 2
4. Explain Sales Management Strategies in detail, include the suitable examples to support your answer.
Ans: A sales strategy consists of a plan that positions a company’s brand or product to gain a competitive advantage. Successful strategies help the sales force to focus on target market customers and communicate with them in relevant, meaningful ways. Sales representatives need to know how their products or services can fill customer needs and expectations. A successful sales strategy conveys this so that
5. Discuss the concept of Personal Selling. Detail the objectives of Personal Selling.
Ans: Personal selling can be defined as an oral communication with the potential buyers of a product with the intention of making a sale. It may focus initially on developing a relationship with a prospect, but ultimately ends with an attempt to
6. Write a detailed note on types of Sales Organization Structures, include suitable examples to support your answer.
Ans: If sound practices are followed in setting up the sales department, the resulting structure takes on features of one or more of four basic types: line, line & staff, functional and committee. The grouping of activities into positions and the charting of relationships of positions causes the organization to take on
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)
DBB2104 – FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
1. Explain the functions of a financial manager in any organization.
Ans: A finance manager is a person who is responsible for carrying out the functions of a finance department. Let us discuss the main functions of finance Its Half solved only
2. Calculate the present value of the following cash flows assuming a discount rate of 10% per annum.
Year Cash flows
[₹]
1
10000
2
20000
3
30000
4
40000
5
50000
Answer:
Here we will use the following formula:
PV = FV / (1 + r%)n
where, FV = Future value, PV = Present value, r = rate of interest = 10%, n= time period
For calculating the present value the given cash flows, we will calculate the present values of all the years and add them
3. Explain the significance of the concept of cost of capital. Discuss different component of cost of capital with example.
Ans: 1. Investment Decisions: When a firm has to evaluate an investment opportunity it uses the cost of capital for discount the cash flows expected from the project over its life time. Even if it uses IRR (Internal rate of return) criteria for the project selection, the IRR is compared with the overall cost of capital to take the decision. If IRR is greater than the cost of capital, then project should be accepted
Assignment Set – 2
4. What do you understand by sources of finance? Discuss the short term and long-term sources of finance for the firm.
Ans: A source or sources of finance, refer to where a business gets money from to fund their business activities. A business can
5. The details regarding three companies are given below:
X Ltd
Y Ltd
Z Ltd.
r = 12%
r = 8%
r = 10%
Ke = 10 %
Ke = 10 %
Ke = 10 %
E = Rs. 100
E = Rs. 100
E = Rs. 100
Compute the value of an equity share of each of these companies applying Walter’s formula when the dividend pay-out ratio is (a) 0%, (b) 20%, (c) 40%, d) 60%
Answer:
According to Waltor’s Model
where. Dividend per share Rate of return Captalization rato
6. What is Working capital management? Discuss various factors that affect working capital requirement?
Ans: WC typically means the firm’s holding of current or short-term assets such as cash, receivables, inventory and marketable securities. These items are also referred to as circulating capital. Corporate
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)
DBB2102 – QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR MANAGEMENT
Assignment Set – 1
1. Discuss the various uses of statistics in different functions of any Business.
Ans: The term statistics is used to mean either statistical data or statistical method. Statistical data refers to the quantitative aspects of things, and is a numerical description. Thus, the distribution of family Its Half solved only
2. Write advantages and disadvantages of Mean, Median and Mode.
Ans: Merits and Demerits of median
a) Merits
The merits of median are as follows:
1) It is easily calculated and exactly located.
2) It can be
3. Calculate the Standard deviation for the following data: 18, 15, 16, 17, 16, 25 and 19. The answer should be correct up to 2 decimal places.
Ans:
Mean=(18+15+16+17+16+25+19)/7=18
Standard
Assignment Set – 2
4. Discuss the uses of Correlation.
Ans: Uses of Correlation:-
The coefficient of correlation is a measure of the degree of association between two variables. For comparing two series of observations, it is sometimes necessary to determine whether they are associated or
5. Summarize various components of a Time Series.
Ans: We now know that time series refer to a group statistical information accumulated at regular intervals. There are four kinds of change or variation involved in time series analysis:
Secular
6. Explain any four methods of Sampling of your choice.
Ans:Simple random sampling
Simple random sampling (or random sampling) is the most important among the various probability sampling methods, as all statistical generalizations are based on this method. It holds so enviable a place in
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)
DBB2101 –LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
Assignment Set – 1
1. What is a contract? Explain in detail the essentials of a valid contract.
Ans: According to the ICA, “an agreement enforceable by law is a contract.” A contract, thus, is an agreement between two parties to do something or abstain from doing something for each other subject to certain terms and conditions. The conditions laid down in the contract are binding and enforceable Its Half solved only
2. Who is an unpaid seller? Enumerate in detail the rights available to an unpaid seller.
Ans: The Sale of Goods Act, 1930 (hereinafter referred to as the “Act”) defines an unpaid seller as a seller that has not been paid the full price of the goods that have been sold or that has received a bill of exchange or other negotiable instrument as conditional payment, and the condition on which it was
3. What is meant by crossing of cheque? Explain the types of crossing.
Ans: A cross cheque is one on which two parallel transverse lines with or without the words ‘&Co.’ are drawn. The payment of such a cheque can be obtained only through a banker. Thus, crossing is a direction
Assignment Set – 2
4. What is meant by Anti- competitive agreements? Explain its kinds.
Ans: The Act was further amended in 2009 and the provisions relating to anti- competitive agreements and abuse of dominant position were notified on May 20, 2009. On 28th August, 2009, The Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India issued a notification whereby by the MRTP Act stood repealed and was fully replaced by the Competition Act, 2002 with effect from September 1, 2009
5. Write short notes on the following:
a) Payment of wages Act, 1936
Ans: The Payment of Wages Act 1936 was passed to regulate the payment of wages to certain classes of people employed in industry and also to ensure that the workers receive wages at regular intervals. It is applicable to those workers whose wage does not exceed Rs. 6,500 per
6. Define consumer. Explain the consumer redressal agencies in detail.
Ans: 1. Consumer – “Consumer” means any person who,
buys any goods for a consideration which has been paid or promised or partly paid and partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment and includes any user of such goods other than the person
The main mode of use of a PC (as its name implies) is by a single user. Thus Os for PCs were designed as a single user single task operating system, that is, it is assumed that only one user uses the machine and runs only one program at a time. The operating system of PCs consists of two parts. One part is called the BIOS (
Ans: VMware is a virtualization and cloud computing software provider based in Palo Alto, Calif. Founded in 1998, VMware is a subsidiary of Dell Technologies. EMC Corporation originally
2. What is Preemptive and Non-preemptive Scheduling? Discuss the CPU scheduling algorithms.
Ans: Scheduling can either be preemptive or non-preemptive. If preemptive, then an executing process can be stopped and returned to ready state to make the CPU available for another ready process.
3. Discuss Inter Process Communication and critical-section problem along with the use of semaphores.
Ans: Communication of co-operating processes’ shared-memory environment requires that these processes share a common buffer pool, and that the code for implementing the buffer be explicitly written by the application
Assignment Set – 2
Questions
4. a. What is a Process Control Block? What information is stored in it?
Ans: Every process has a number and a process control block (PCB) represents a process in an operating system. The PCB serves as a repository of information about a process and varies from process to process. The PCB contains information that makes the process an active entity. A PCB is shown in Figure. It contains
b. What is thrashing? What are its causes?
Ans: When a process does not have enough frames or when a process is executing with a minimum set of
5. a. Discuss the different File Access Methods.
Ans: Information is stored in files. Files reside on secondary storage. When this information is to be used, it has to be accessed and brought into primary main memory. Information in files could be accessed in
b. What are I/O Control Strategies?
Ans:- Several I/O strategies are used between the computer system and I/O devices, depending on the
6. Explain the different Multiprocessor Interconnections and types of MultiprocessorOperating Systems.
Ans: The nature of multiprocessor interconnections has an effect on the bandwidth for communication. Complexity, cost, IPC and scalability are some features considered in interconnections. Basic architectures
DCA1202 – DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHM
Assignment Set – 1
1. a. What is a linked list? Discuss the algorithms for the insertion and deletion of values in the beginning of a linked list.
Ans: A linked list is a data structure where the objects are arranged in a linear order. Unlike an array, however, in which the linear order is determined by the array indices, the order in a linked list is determined by a pointer in Its Half solved only
b. Define queues and its enqueue and dequeue operations.
Ans: Queues A queue is a useful data structure in programming. It is similar to the ticket queue outside a cinema hall, where the first person entering the queue is the first person who gets the ticket. There are four different types of
2. a. What are Binary trees? How many types of Binary trees are there, discuss?
Ans: A binary tree is a special case of tree where no node of a tree can have a degree of more than two. Therefore, a binary tree is a set of zero or more nodes T such that:
i) there is a specially designated
3. Explain Breadth-first search and Depth-first search algorithms in graphs.
Ans: Breadth-first search: This algorithm uses a queue data structure to perform the search. The effect of this is to process all nodes adjacent to the start node before we process the nodes adjacent to those
Assignment Set – 2
4. a. Explain the algorithms of Sequential Searching and Binary Searching.
Ans: Sequential Searching: The simplest type of searching process is the sequential search or linear search. In the sequential search, each element of the array is compared to the key, in the order it appears in the array, until the first element matching the key is found. If you are looking for an element that is near the front of the array, the sequential search will find it quickly. The more data that
b. What are the characteristics and Building Blocks of an Algorithm?
Ans: Characteristics of an Algorithm
Finiteness
An algorithm must terminate after a finite number of steps and further each step must be executable in finite amount of time. In order to establish a sequence of steps as an algorithm, it should be
5. a. How is the Efficiency of an Algorithm measured?
Ans: If a problem is algorithmically solvable then it may have more than one algorithmic solution. Mainly, the two computer resources taken into consideration for efficiency measures are time and space requirements for executing the program corresponding to the solution/algorithm. We will restrict to only
b. What is Divide and conquer strategy?
Ans: Given a function to compute on n inputs, the divide-and-conquer strategy suggests splitting the inputs into K distinct subsets, 1<K<n, yielding K subproblems. These subproblems must be solved and then a method must be found to combine subsolutions into a solution as a whole. If the subproblems
6. Discuss the Greedy knapsack Algorithm, with a suitable
Ans: The Greedy algorithm could be understood very well with a well-known problem referred to as Knapsack problem. Although the same problem could be solved by employing other algorithmic approaches, Greedy approach solves Fractional Knapsack problem reasonably in a good
DCA1203 – OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING – C++
SET-I
1. A. Explain the concept of the abstract class.
Ans: An abstract class is the class which acts as a base class and can be inherited by other classes. It is not used to create objects. It provides a base upon which other classes can be built. In programming the concept of abstract class is of great importance and used deliberately in a program for creating derived
B. Define inline function. Explain it using an example.
Ans: The main use of inline function is that it reduces the size of the code and improves in the speed of program execution. You should define inline function before the main () function. Inline functions are same like normal functions except that the function declaration begins with the
2. Discuss the role of access specifiers in inheritance and show their visibility when they are inherited as public, private, and protected.
Ans: A derived class can be defined as follows:
class derived_classname: access specifier baseclassname
{
Members of
3. A. Discuss Class to basic type conversion with the help of an example.
Ans: The overloaded casting operator in C++ allows us to convert class type data to basic types. The overloaded casting operator has the general form:
operator
B. Illustrate, with the help of an example, the procedure to overload a unary operator.
Ans: //increment.cpp
# include <iostream.h>
class counter
SET-II
4. Explain with the help of an example how to read and write the character to a text file.
Ans: The getc and putc I/O functions
We use the getc() and putc() I/O functions to read a character from a file and write a character to a file
5. What is a Template? What is the need of Template? Declare a Template class.
Ans: A template can be considered a kind of macro. When we define an object of a specific type for actual use, the definition of template for that class is substituted with the required data type.
6. A. What is a file mode? Describe the various file mode options available.
Ans: A file can be opened in one of four modes. The mode determines where the file is positioned when opened, and what functions are allowed. After you close a file, you can reopen the file in a different mode, depending on what you are doing. For example, you can create a file in create
B. Differentiate between termination and resumption in Exception Handling.
Ans:
There are two basic models in exception-handling theory. In termination (which is what C++ supports) you assume the error is so critical that there’s no way to get back to where the exception occurred.
DCA1204 – COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
Assignment Set – 1
1. Mention any four barriers to communication and substantiate your answer with one example for each.
Ans: Barriers to Effective Communication At each stage in the process of communication – encoding, transferring, and decoding, there is the possibility of interference. This may hinder the communication process. Such interference is known as ‘noise.’ Often, a comparison is made between communication and a leaky bucket. If you carry water in a leaky bucket, you will lose water at various points in your journey
2. Differentiate between listening and hearing. List the different types of listening.
Ans:
3. Explain the various types of readings.
Ans: Types of Reading
As we have already said, we read in different ways depending on the purpose for which we are reading a text. Let us look at a few types of reading.
Skimming
Let’s say that you
Set – 2
4. Examine the various factors that affect personality development? Mention some ways to improve your personality.
Ans: 1. Biological Factors: The study of the biological contributions to personality may be studied under three heads:
a) Heredity: Heredity refers to those factors that were determined at conception. Physical stature, facial attractiveness, sex, temperament, muscle composition and reflexes, energy level, and biological rhythms
5. Discuss the traits of leader who will succeed in bringing out the best from their subordinates. Support your answer with examples.
Ans: 1. Communicate frequently.
It shouldn’t come as a surprise that communication is top of the list for essential leadership qualities. Communication can make or break your efforts to connect with your team, manage and coordinate initiatives, and build trust within your organization.
Good leaders
6. Explain the importance of time management. Mention some ways that one can apply to manage time.
Ans: Here are the top reasons why time management is of great importance to your personal and career success:
Time is Limited
DCA1205, DIGITAL LOGIC
SET-I
1. What is a logic gate? Explain various logic gates with neat diagram and truth table.
Ans: A logic gate is an electronic circuit which has one or more inputs but only one output. Logic gate produces logical operation on binary numbers.
Now let us study basic logic gates. OR gate: OR gate has two or more inputs and only one output. The operation of this gate is such that it produces a high output (i.e. logic 1) when one or more of inputs are high and it
2. Explain Karnaugh map method of simplification with example.
Ans: Maurice Karnaugh a telecommunication engineer has invented Karnaugh Maps. In 1953, the Karnaugh map has been developed in Bell Labs while studying the application of digital logic to design of telephone circuits. This method is also known as K-maps. A Karnaugh map (K-map) is a visual representation of a Boolean function. The plan is to recognize patterns in the visual representation and thus
3. What is a full adder? Explain the operation of full adder with a neat logic diagram.
Ans: A full adder circuit adds the carry in C along with the two inputs A and B. A large adder circuit can be constructed using multiple full adders. In full adder circuit, carry in is labeled as Ci or Cin and carry out is labeled as Co or Cout, labeling this way will remove the ambiguity between the output carry and
SET-II
4. Define Sequential Circuits. Briefly explain about the JK flip-flop with circuit and truth table.
Ans: Sequential circuits are those whose outputs depend not only on the present value of its inputs but also on past history of its inputs. There are two types of memory elements which are used in sequential circuits, they are latch and flip flop. Flip flop is a device which changes its state at the positive edge or negative edge (also known as leading edge and trailing edge) of the clock signal. Asynchronous
5. What is a shift register? Mention the types of shift register.
Ans: Shift Register is a set of binary storage elements, typically flip-flops combined and linked together to facilitate the movement of the data bits stored, from one to another and in and out of it, whenever
6. Describe various types of electrical switches.
Ans: Two Way Switches In applications where multiple switching options are required (e.g., a telephone service), mechanical switches have long been replaced by electronic switching devices which can be automated and intelligently controlled. We can define a switch in terms of its operation and use. In general,
1. Write down the principles of project management.
Ans: Every project takes place in its own specific context. It brings together a group of people as a project team and gives responsibilities and roles to people. While every project is unique in its own way, there are certain basic principles which define project management in clearer terms. All these factors need to be Its Half solved only
2. What is the application of the leadership style narrated by Daniel Goleman?
Ans: Daniel Goleman identified six distinct leadership styles. He found that leaders use six different leadership styles in various situations. Table 4.1 gives the summary of these styles, time to apply, and the demerits and its impact on the performance of people at work.
Daniel Goleman’s 2000
3. Explain all the factors affecting the risk analysis of any country.
Ans:
Category
Risk Factors
Assignment Set – 2 Questions
4. What is Project Management Information System (PMIS)? What are its uses?
Ans: Project Management Information System (PMIS) is the system tools and techniques used in project management to deliver information. Project managers use the techniques and tools to collect, combine, and distribute
5. Write down the types of project performance evaluation techniques.
Ans: Performance evaluation is an important tool for the assessment of a system or service according to the measurements specified. We can define it as the systematic process of assessment of effectiveness against predetermined norms, standards, or expressed goals. In management evaluation of any service, process or activity typically refers to “determining its worth”.
Evaluations of
6. Differentiate between CPM and PERT.
Ans:
For projects considered uncertain, the PERT model was developed and for projects which are comparatively risk-free the CPM model was developed. Both the approaches start with the
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
DMBA205 – OPERATIONS RESEARCH
Assignment Set – 1
Questions
1. What is Operations Research? Explain the role of Operations Research in Decision Making.
Ans: Churchman, Aackoff, and Aruoff defined operations research as “the application of scientific methods, techniques and tools to the operation of a system with optimum solutions to the problems” where ‘optimum’ refers to the best possible alternative.
2. a) Solve the following linear programming problem using Two Phase Simplex Method:
Minimize Z = x 1 – 2x 2 – 3x 3
Subject to: -2x 1 + x 2 + 3x 3 = 2
2x 1 + 3x 2 + 4x 3 = 1
Where x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ≥ 0
Answer:
Solution: Problem is
Min z = x1 – 2 x2 – 3 x3
subject to
b) Solve the following transportation problem using Matrix Minima Method? Also find the corresponding cost of transportation.
Warehouses
Factor y
W1
W2
W3
W4
Supply
Factor y
F1
21
16
25
13
21
Factor y
F2
17
18
14
23
23
Factor y
F3
32
17
28
41
19
Factor y
Demand
11
15
17
20
Ans: Let xij = no. of units of a product transported from ith factory (i = 1, 2, 3) to jth warehouse (j = 1, 2, 3, 4).
It should be noted that if in a particular solution the xij value is missing for a cell, this means that nothing
3. Five wagons are available at stations 1,2 3,4 and 5. These are required at five stations A, B, C, D and E. The distances in km between various stations are given in the table below. How should the wagons be transported to minimize the total distance travelled?
Stations (s) A B C D E
10
5
9
18
11
13
2
6
12
14
3
9
4
4
5
18
5
12
17
15
11
6
14
19
10
Ans: Find the matrix
Given:
Assignment Set – 2
Questions
4. a) Write any five differences between Critical Path Method [CPM] & Program Evaluation and Review Technique [PERT]
Ans:
PERT
PERT – Project Evaluation and Review Technique
PERT is a
b) Customers arrive at a sales counter managed by a single person according to a poisson process with a mean rate of 20 per hour. The time required to serve a customer has an exponential distribution with a mean of 100 seconds. Find the average waiting time of customer in queue and in system.
Ans: The average waiting time of a customer is 225 seconds.
Step-by-step explanation:
Given: Arrival
5. A project manager has obtained the following optimistic, pessimistic and most likely times, in weeks, relating to the various activities related to the construction of a power project:
Activit (y)
Optimistic time(in weeks)
Most likely time(in weeks)
Pessimistic time(in weeks)
1-2
6
9
18
1-3
5
8
17
2-4
4
7
22
2-5
4
7
10
3-4
4
7
16
3-5
2
5
8
4-5
4
10
22
i) Draw a PERT diagram and mark clearly the Critical Path
ii) Determine the expected project length?
iii) What is the probability that the project would be successfully completed in 32 weeks?
6. What is Principle of Dominance in Game Theory? Reduce the following game by dominance property and solve it:
1 2 3 4 5
IIIIIIIV
1
3
2
7
4
3
4
1
5
6
6
5
7
6
5
2
0
6
3
1
Player B
Player A
Ans: The principle of dominance states that if one strategy of a player dominates over the other strategy in all conditions then the later strategy can be ignored. A strategy dominates over the other only if it is preferable over other in all conditions. The concept of dominance is especially useful for the
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
DMBA204 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
FEB/MARCH 2022
Assignment Set – 1 Questions
1. Discuss the history of Computing.
Ans: Computers or general purpose computing devices were invented in the middle of the 20th century, but the ideas they are based on evolved a century earlier. Charles Babbage, a renowned British mathematician, fi rst conceived the idea of a computing device in the 1820s when he was confronted with the problem of Its Half solved only
Ans: Managing IS in organisations is a highly challenging and complex task. One reason for this complexity is that neither organisations nor the IS they use remain static over time – both change continuously, and it is the job of
3. How Information Technology could be used for competing in market?
Ans: The combination of network externalities and positive feedback leads to tippy markets. A tippy market results when there are two or more products competing in the market, and in the eventual outcome only one survives. Each product is tippy in the sense that it could either succeed or fail, and with the effects
Q.No Assignment Set – 2 Questions
4. Discuss the properties of Information goods.
Ans: Properties of information goods Information goods have certain properties that make them distinct from physical goods. Information goods are typically expensive to produce but very cheap to reproduce. For example, the original cost of producing a music track by a professional band may run into
5. What are the facilities an organization could have from ‘Customer Relationship Management System’?
Ans: The origins of CRM lie in the sales force automation systems that grew with the rise of personal computing around the world in the 1980s. The systems would automate the processes of
6. Can you write brief outline on any two Business Intelligence techniques?
Ans: Analytics relies on a number of computational and statistical techniques that were developed in the field of artificial intelligence. When applied to business problems, these are known as business intelligence techniques. Brief descriptions of some business intelligence techniques are provided below to highlight the kind of problems that can be solved and the kind of data that is
Directorate of Online Education
SESSION FEB/MARCH 2022
PROGRAM MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
SEMESTER II
COURSE CODE & NAME DMBA203 – MARKETING MANAGEMENT
Set – I
Q 1. Explain the various Marketing Orientations and Concepts.
Ans 1.
A marketing manager must formulate strategies that can build profitable relationships with the target consumers. Things are continuously changing in terms of business and social changes, customer-related changes, and changes in manufacturing and marketing organisations. Therefore, the organisations should select their marketing orientation considering these factors. The various marketing orientations that exist help in understanding how the marketing Its Half solved only
Q 2. What is Marketing Information Systems? Write down the characteristics of MIS. 5+5
Ans 2.
Marketing Information Systems: The importance of marketing information is particularly evident as the economy continues to accentuate services as a primary source of value.
Services depend on information to a great extent. Information is speedily becoming a service in its own right. Mass customisation, often depicted as “one-to-one” marketing or the customising of products and services for individual customers, is heavily dependent on comprehensive and timely
Q 3. Determine various Buying Motives. Also explain the influences of these motives on the consumer purchase process
Ans:
Buying Motives: To begin with, let us understand the different motives that consumers pursue while initiating their decision process. Consumers have different kinds of needs and they do not pursue all their needs at all points of time. Whenever a need gets a direction or goal and all the energies of consumer are targeted towards achieving the goal, it takes the shape of a buying motive. The important types of buying motives are as follows:
Set – II
Q 4. How do you define Brand Equity? Also elaborate its Components.
Ans:
Brand Equity
Brand equity is the added value that the consumer assigns to the products and services. It is an arrangement of brand assets and liabilities linked to a brand, its name, and symbol that put in or subtract the value provided by a product or service to an organisation and/or to that organisation’s
Q 5. Demonstrate the various types of Advertisement
Ans:
Types of advertisements:
Advertising can be classified into various forms as mentioned below.
Brand advertising – This is the most popular form of advertising. All possible media including television is flooded with brand advertising. Brands like Surf Excel, Pepsi, and Coke in India are shown more frequently on Indian televisions.
National advertising –
Q 6. Describe the various International Market Entry Strategies.
Ans:
International Market Entry Strategies: There are two methods to entry into foreign markets. They are indirect exporting and direct exporting. In the first method, the manufacturers take the help of merchant exporters to get products exported to foreign markets. Indirect exporting, the manufacturers decide to export themselves. Thus, the manufacturers have to decide, whether they will go directly for exports or take the help of merchant exporters who are very often recognized as export houses, trading houses, etc. Some government
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
DMBA202 & FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Assignment Set – 1
1. a) “A rational human being has time preference for money” Give reasons.
Ans: The time preference for money is generally expressed by an interest rate which remains positive even in the absence of any risk. It is called the riskfree rate.
b) Differentiate between compounding and discounting technique of time value of money.
Ans:
BASIS FOR COMPARISON
COMPOUNDING
DISCOUNTING
2. Cost of various types of capital of Radha Ltd. is given below along with weight and cost of capital.
Sources of Funds
Amount (Rs.)
Proportion (W) in total capital structure
Cost of Capital (k)
Debts
240000
30%
5.68
Preference share capital
80000
10%
9.33
Equity Share capital
400000
50%
13.30
Cost of retained earnings
80000
10%
13.00
Compute weighted average cost of Capital as per:
1. Book value proportion.
2. What would be WACC in your opinion if company wants to change WACC approach from book value to market value? In market value the price of Equity share is Rs.250 per share instead of Rs.100 in book value.
Answer:
3. Write short notes on (any two)
1. NI approach of Capital structure
Ans: Net Income (NI) approach is suggested by Durand. He is of the view that capital structure decision is relevant to the valuation of the firm. Any change in the financial leverage will have a corresponding change in the overall cost of capital and also the total value of the firm. As the ratio of
3. Modigliani and Miller approach of Capital structure
Answer:
Miller and Modigliani criticise traditional approach that the cost of equity remains unaffected by leverage up to a reasonable limit and K0 remains constant at all degrees of leverage. They state that the relationship between leverage and cost of capital is elucidated as in NOI approach. Table depicts the
Q. No Assignment Set – 2
4. a. Elucidate the factors leading to Capital rationing.
Ans: The various factors related to the internal constraints imposed by the management are: Private owned company
b. Explain in brief the phases of operating cycle.
Ans:
5. “Efficient cash Management will aim at maximising the cash inflows and slowing cash outflows.” Discuss Identify the motives for holding cash by an organization.
Ans: The main motives behind holding cash are:
Transaction motive
Precautionary motive
Speculative motive
Compensating motive
These are
6. Solve and suggest which of the two projects should be accepted assuming a discount rate of 10% based on net present value of the two projects.
Detail
Project X
Project Y
Initial Investment
Rs.20000
Rs.30000
Estimated Life
5 Years
5 Years
Scrap Value
Rs.1000
Rs.2000
The net cash flows are as follows:
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Project X
5000
10000
10000
3000
2000
Project Y
20000
10000
5000
3000
2000
The Discounted rate of return@10% is as follows:
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
PV@10%Discount factor
0.909
0.826
0.751
0.683
0.621
Answer:
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
DMBA201 – PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
Assignment Set – 1 Questions
1. What is meant by productivity? Explain labour, capital, system, and personal productivity.
Ans: Production refers to the creation of goods and services for consumption by the society. Such creation typically involves converting inputs to desired outputs using different conversion or transformation processes. In fact, the first step is to decide upon the desired outputs and then to identify the inputs and the corresponding conversion processes. Production management encompasses all those activities
2. Explain the importance of decision-making in organisation. What are the factors affecting decision-making?
Ans: The importance of decision-making in organisation:-
This decision would have been taken as a strategy to meet the increasing demands which are real in order to fulfil the following:
Enter a niche market of the competitor
Augment marketing department’s claim after a vigorous sales campaign
Any other
3. How do you develop an operations strategy? Explain briefly the relationship that exists between corporate strategy, business strategy, and operations strategy.
Ans:
Assignment Set – 2 Questions
4. Explain the Nominal group testing method of forecasting along with the expert opinion method of forecasting.
Ans: Let us now discuss these qualitative methods in detail in forecasting
Market surveys
Conducting surveys among the prospective buyers or users is a very old method of forecasting. Here, a questionnaire is prepared and circulated among the people and their responses are obtained. The
5. What are the steps to be considered to set data in the logical order?
Ans:-
6. Explain in detail all the methods used to determine the most likely plant location.
Ans: Plant location: The selection of a place for locating a plant; here plant is the term used for the land, buildings, and equipment used in carrying on an industrial undertaking.
A plant location cannot be changed frequently since a large capital needs to be invested to build the plant and machinery in the selected area. Therefore, before selecting a plant location, a long range
Elucidate the history and development of English language.
Ans. In the fifth and sixth centuries AD the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes invaded the British Isle, each speaking languages that could be mutually understood amongst themselves. This language is known today as Old English (500- 1100), which contained four dialects: west Saxon, Mercian, north Umbrian, and Kentish. Approximately half of all Modern English words are derived from Old English roots. Unlike Middle English, which can be deciphered by speakers of Modern English, Old English can no longer be understood without being extensively studied as a “foreign”
Define sentence. Write all types of sentences with two examples each.
Ans: Sentence is the most popular definition of a sentence is that it is a meaningful collection of words. It can also be said that a sentence unit that is syntactically independent has a subject that is expressed.
You must have noticed that the words grouped together randomly have little meaning of their own, obviously unless it occurs accidentally. For example,
Discuss Adverbs with its types and its usage in English language.
Ans: An adverb is a word that tells us more about a verb. An adverb “qualifies” or “modifies” a verb. But adverbs can also modify adjectives, or even other adverbs. For example, The man ran quickly, Tara is really beautiful, It works very well, etc.
There are different places where you can put the adverb. On the basis of that, adverbs can be of following types:
manner
place
time
frequency
degree Adverbs of manner
Adverbs of
Set- Second
What do you mean by Direct speech? How is it different from the indirect speech?
Ans: Direct Speech whenever words of a speaker are recorded/written exactly as they are spoken. Whenever you use direct speech in writing or speaking, the words spoken or written are put in inverted commas (“….”) and there is no change in these words. You may be reporting something that’s being said NOW (for example writing a letter), or telling someone later about an earlier conversation.
Example 1: Suresh said to his mother that he went to the market to buy potatoes, onions and tomatoes. His mother asked him how much money he had in his pocket and how much he spent on the vegetables. Suresh replied
Explain any two parts of speech with their types and usage in English.
Ans: Part of speech can be understood as a term for the categories into which words are classified according to their functions in sentences.
There are two types of speech:-
Nouns
Pronouns
Nouns
We all know that a
Discuss rules related to various forms of tenses.
Ans: In most of the competitive & government exams, tenses are one of the vital parts of the English section. Applicants can score perfectly if they are aware of the tenses rules & avoid mistakes. To memorize & understand the Tenses rules here is a tabulated representation.
Jan/Feb 2022
Assignment
DBB1102 – ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
Set- First
Explain Johari Window model.
Ans: The Johari Window is a communication model that can be used to improve understanding between individuals. The Johari Window model was devised by American psychologists Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham in 1955, while researching group dynamics at the University of California Los Angeles. The word “Johari” comes from the initial letters of Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham. The model was named as window for the purpose that we can see others clearly through the window, and others Its Half solved only
Elucidate Maslow’s need hierarchy theory of motivation.
Ans. Abraham Harold Maslow in the year 1954 proposed the need Hierarchy theory of Motivation. This theory says that
a) Human behavior is influenced by their wants and desires.
b) Any unsatisfied need acts as a motivator.
c) Needs are hierarchical.
d) People can move from lower needs to upper needs.
Maslow identified five levels of needs which are the source of motivation.
These needs are
Define emotion, describe its characteristics. How does it differ from affect and moods? Explain by giving examples.
Ans: Emotions are defined as a complex pattern of arousal, subjective feeling and cognitive interpretation involving physiological and psychological reactions. They can also be explained as intense feelings that are directed at someone or something (object). Emotions are often confused with moods and affect. Affect is a broad concept and includes a wide range of feelings that we experience under normal and abnormal circumstances. They include emotions. Thus emotion is a component of affect. Moods, on the other hand, are feelings less powerful than emotions and are not directed
Set- Second
Define Motivation. Why is motivation important for an organization? Discuss intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Ans. The term ‘motivation’ has its origin in the Latin word “mover” which means to “move”. Thus, motivation stands for movement. One can move people by incentives or threats which can have a limited effect. These work for a while and then need to be repeated, increased or reinforced to secure further movement.
The term motivation may be defined as “the managerial function of ascertaining the motives of subordinates and helping them to realize those motives”.
According to Dubin, motivation could be defined as “the complex of forces starting and keeping a person at work in an
How the organizations manage cultural diversity? Discuss some methods to be carried out by managers to manage cultural diversity efficiently.
Ans: The business leaders have to face a number of challenges due to increased diversity. Though not all problems occur due to cultural changes, there can be clashes due to different personalities, gender, competence, ability or other perceived factors. But we cannot even take the cultural aspect lightly as it proves to be a very sensitive issue. Hence, to manage the cultural diversities
Jan/Feb 2022
Assignment
DBB1103 – BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Set- First
1 Define the term business environment. Briefly discuss the levels of the business environment.
Ans. An environment includes the air we breathe, the water we drink, the available business, social and educational infrastructure in the locality, state and country. It literally means the surroundings, external objects, influencing factors, or circumstances under which someone or something exists. In the context of business, the environment refers to the sum of internal and external forces operating on
Ans: The Indian laws spring from two groups of sources, primary and secondary. The Primary sources of Indian Law are:
Custom: Custom is the most ancient of all sources of law. In India, which is an ancient civilization, custom has always enjoyed an important place in the law of the land. It was more so in earlier times. Custom can be defined as the habitual course of conduct observed uniformly and voluntarily by the people
3 What is a capitalist economy? Explain the merits and demerits of a capitalist economy.
Ans: In this economic system the means of production and distribution are privately owned and production is guided largely through the operation of markets. The ideology of capitalism was expressed in Adam Smith’s “Wealth of Nations“(1776) and Smith’s free-market theories were widely accepted in the
Set- Second
List the objectives of Industrial Policy Resolution-1956.
Ans: In 1956, the earlier policy (1948 policy) was revised and a new Industrial Policy Resolution was announced. By 1956, the first five year plan was over and we had entered into the era of the second five year plan. Our
Define privatization. Explain different ways of achieving privatization.
Ans: Privatization refers to transfer of ownership of public sector enterprises from the government to the private sector. In a broader sense, it is the induction of private control and management in the public sector units. The process of privatization started first in the UK and the USA during 1980s. The UK, under the leadership of Mrs. Thatcher, became the supporter of privatization. It set in motion the programme of privatization of State run enterprises by transferring British Airways to private sector.
A number of public sector companies, including railways, oil, telecommunications, mining and bus services were sold off.
6 Define corporate social responsibility. Explain why corporate social responsibility matters to businesses?
Ans: Every business has to survive in society. To operate and grow in society, business organizations have to undertake certain social responsibilities which are termed as corporate social responsibility. Al though the subject ‘corporate social responsibility’ has gained popularity in recent years, its origin can be
Jan/Feb 2022
Assignment
DBB1104 – MARKETING MANAGEMENT
Set- First
Elaborate the steps undertaken in development of a brand.
Ans: The brand is the symbol of the product’s personality. It is developed though diligent market research and is based on the customer’s needs and wants. The various steps which are undertaken in the formation of a brand name and logo are as follows –
Selection of brand name
Define Product. Explain the diverse types of products offered by a company with examples.
Ans: The product concept was the marketing philosophy followed till 1930s. This concept operates on the principle that consumers favour those products that offer high quality and good performance. Good quality and performance of the product encourage consumers to pay more than what they actually pay under normal conditions. The management must therefore concentrate on the production of quality products with superior performance attributes, and improving
State the benefits of modern marketing concept. Enumerate how does the understanding of marketing concepts gives immense benefits to an organisation?
Ans: Benefits of modern marketing concepts
Increased employment opportunities
As a business grows, thanks to acquiring customers based on professional services satisfying their needs, they will need to hire more employees to accommodate expanding
Set- Second
The consumers in a particular market can be segmented by employing several bases or variables. Explain these variables.
Ans: The consumers in a particular market can be segmented by employing several bases or variables. The marketing manager tries these variables in different permutations and combinations and chooses that variable which is suitable for a particular market segment. Let us now study the major variables used for segmenting markets –
Geographic Segmentation – In this type, customers are segmented based on the geography in which they reside,
Describe the crucial factors which have contributed to the growth of the services sector?
Ans: The major factors that led to the growth of service sectors in India are as follows;
High demand for services as final product: India was a virgin market for service sector. So, when service sector started booming due to business outsourcing from the developed countries to India, there was very high demand for these services especially for banking, computer service, advertisement and communication
Explain the steps followed in developing an integrated promotion mix.
Ans: Steps in Developing an Integrated promotion mix: An integrated marketing communication plan takes a look at all of the available communication options that are likely to reach and connect with a target audience and determines which methods, in what combination, will be most likely to achieve the desired
Jan/Feb 2022
Assignment
DBB1105 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS
Set- First
How would you define Computers? Explain the key characteristics of each generation of computers.
Ans: The term ‘computer’ is derived from the word ‘compute’, which means to calculate. A computer can be defined as an electronic device which processes the input (data) and displays the desired output. Computer is also used for storing data. In this unit you will be studying characteristics of computers and get to know the different classifications of computers. You will also study the different applications of computers. Further we will discuss the architecture of computer in which we can explain the different devices and will know different functions of those
Convert (372.34)8 to hexadecimal system number and (250.4375)10 to hexadecimal system number.
Ans: The number: 372.348 in Octal number system and want to translate it into Hexadecimal.
To do this, at first translate it to decimal here s :
What are the basic functions of MS Excel? Explain the steps to use slide master in a presentation.
Ans: Functions increase user productivity when working with excel. Let’s say you would like to get the grand total for the above home supplies budget. To make it simpler, you can use a formula to get the grand total. Using a formula, you would have to reference the cells E4 through to E8 one by one. You would have to use the following formula.
= E4 + E5 +
Set- Second
What are the various design strategies for Software System Design? Explain the four quality measures for building software products.
Ans: The various design strategies for Software System Design:-
Bottom-up Strategy
This kind of system design strategy revolves around designing the subsystems and the lowest-level components (even sub-components) first. By designing these components first, the higher-level subsystems and larger components can then be built easily and more efficiently. This allows less time to be wasted in conducting recon and troubleshooting. The entire process of building the lower-level components into larger sets is continued till the entire system is one single component. This design strategy also facilitates the reusability of generic solutions and low-level
Enlist the main functions of the operating system? Describe various components of operating systems.
Ans: An operating system is a software component that acts as the core of a computer system. It performs various functions and is essentially the interface that connects your computer and its supported components.
In this section, we will discuss the basic functions of the operating system. Operating systems generally accomplish these goals by running processes in low privilege and providing service calls that invoke the operating system kernel in high-privilege state.
The main functions of an operating System are: Resource Management: The resource management
Discuss the TCP/IP protocol layers with the help of a diagram. Explain how the internet works.
Ans:
These layers include:
(i) Application layer: The application layer is provided by the program that uses TCP/IP for communication. An application is a user process cooperating with another process usually on a different host (there is also a benefit to application communication within a single host). Examples of applications include Telnet and the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). The interface between the application
DMBA101 – MANAGEMENT PROCESS AND ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
Visualize the concept of Planning along with various types of Planning.
Ans. Planning can be defined as a basic management function which enables one to select the purpose of the business, and how the resources should be mustered to achieve that purpose to include using the available resources optimally to do that. Planning implies goal setting for the organisation keeping in mind the constraints, opportunities, and threats as much as what the person or business which is planning wants to do. Thus, a plan is a blueprint for goal achievement, a blue print that Its Half solved only
Define Organizing while having light on the importance of the concept.
Ans. According to Chester Barnard, “Organizing is a function by which the concern is able to define the role positions, the jobs related and the coordination between authority and responsibility.
Organising is important for the following reasons:
Creates roles – Organising enables a business to create roles or in other words, it links a person to an activity with its own set of responsibility. Thus an activity and a person who must perform the activity are
Define Controlling along with prerequisites of Effective Control.
Ans. Controlling can be defined as measuring and correcting of performance to achieve the organisational goals. According to Brech, “Controlling is a systematic exercise which is called as a process of checking actual performance against the standards or plans with a view to ensure adequate progress and also recording such experience as is gained as a contribution to possible future needs. Though planning and controlling can be considered as two sides of a coin, it is possible for us to make a
Discuss the concept of Motivation? Explain Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory.
Ans: Motivation is the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. It is what causes you to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge. Motivation involves the biological, emotional, social, and cognitive forces that activate behavior.
Motivation involves the biological, emotional, social, and cognitive forces that activate behavior. In everyday usage, the term “motivation” is frequently used to describe why a person does something. It is the
Discuss the concept of ‘Team’, also to discuss seventeen characteristics of an Effective Team.
Ans: A team can be defined as a group of people operating with complementary skills and a high degree of interdependence and accountability to achieve a common and usually difficult goal collectively with authority to execute and the rights to share rewards for the performance.
A team is any
Detail the concept of Leadership. Discuss Trait theory of Leadership in detail.
Ans: Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. Leaders carry out this process by applying their leadership attributes, such as – beliefs, values, ethics, character, knowledge and skills.
Trait theory of Leadership:-
This means tha
Jan/feb 2022
ASSIGNMENT
DMBA102 – BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
Define grapevine. “Informal communication network is not just for idle rumors and may be useful in many ways.” Justify.
Ans. Grapevine is an informal communication network, which ignores formal channels of communication and spreads rumors and gossips at all levels of the business organization. Although every business-organization has its formal channels of communication, the informal channel of communication called grapevinealso operates in it. It can be easily found that a large portion of the communication in almost every business house is not formal or pre-planned. The employees communicate through informal channels as they do their jobs. It is neither pre-planned nor deliberately motivated by the management. It is neither written nor documented or recorded. Therefore, it refers to any communication that takes place outside the prescribed and pre-planned channels of
Explain the different delivery styles that speakers can select for their presentation.
Ans: The four most common delivery styles for public speaking include speaking from memory, speaking impromptu, speaking from a manuscript, and extemporaneous speaking. Before writing became a common practice, orators would memorize their speeches, sometimes for months, before presenting to an audience.
Memorized speaking requires delivery from memory still has its place in contemporary society, but the occasions for this type of speaking is usually reserved for introducing important persons, special events such as
Explain a circular and notice using an example for each.
Ans: Like memos, circulars and notices are also written forms of communication within the organisation. The basic difference between a circular and notice is that circulars are announcements that are distributed to small or selective groups of people within the organisation, whereas notices are meant for a larger group of people. Another way to differentiate a circular and notice is that circular are circulated to respective individuals, whereas notices are put up on notice boards. For example, if a manager wants to call a meeting of heads of departments, he will pass around a circular only to the heads,
What are some of the consequences of spelling and punctuation errors, redundancies, clichés, and misuse of words? How does general writing differ from business writing?
Ans: Errors in grammar, spelling, punctuation and typing can affect the business communication significantly. Any inconsistency in writing the message might lead to misunderstanding or miscommunication. Therefore, in business communication, clarity and concreteness of the message is very vital. You might lose your customer if you fail to communicate the information correctly and completely. At the same time, you must remember that general writing is very different from business writing in terms of tone, language and degree of formality of the communication.
In this stage, you
Explain the techniques that you can follow to write a report in a convincing manner, so that the reader accepts them as valid and reliable.
Ans: Reports must also be written in a convincing manner, so that the reader accepts them as valid and reliable. Some suggested techniques to achieve them are:
State the facts in an objective manner – Avoid using superlatives and emotional terms that introduce bias in the
What is a cover letter? Explain its components.
Ans: A job application letter is also known as a ’cover’ letter, is a letter sent along with the resume to emphasise or highlight the major points mentioned in the resume. A letter of application usually provides employer the detailed information on why you are qualified for the job that you are applying for. The job application letter is prepared after you prepare the resume. A resume by itself is incomplete, unless it is accompanied by a cover letter. The cover letter, like the resume, must be well written and presented, as it creates a first impression and can get you an interview. Cover letters must be written similar to sales letters, using all the techniques of persuasion. You have to sell yourself to a prospective employer, in the same way that you sell a product to a prospective customer. Cover letters can also be used to personalise your qualifications for a
Jan/feb 2022
ASSIGNMENT
DMBA103-STATISTICS FOR MANAGEMENT
Explain the various scale of measurements in detail.
Ans. Variables differ in how well they can be measured, that is, how much measurable information their measurement scale can provide. There is obviously some measurement error involved in every measurement,
A manufacturing firm produces steel pipes in three plants with daily production volumes of 500, 1000 and 2000 units respectively. According to past experience, it is known that the fraction of defectives output produced by the three plants are respectively 0.005, 0.008 and 0.010. If a pipe is selected from a day’s total production and found to be defective, find out
(a) from which plant the pipe comes
(b) what is the probability that it comes from fist plant?
Explain the following:
• Probability Sampling and Non-Probability Sampling
• Systematic sampling and Cluster Sampling
• Advantages of Probability Sampling over Non-probability Sampling
• Census vs. sample
• Primary and Secondary Data
Ans:
Systematic Sampling
Cluster Sampling
Explain the components of index numbers in detail.
Ans: An index number is a number which is used to measure the level of a certain phenomenon as compared to the level of the same phenomenon at some standard period. In other words, an index number is a number which is used as a device for comparison between the price, quantity or value of a group of articles in different situations for example, at a certain place or a period of time and that of
What is regression analysis? Explain steps of performing regression analysis in detail?
Ans: Regression analysis is used to estimate the values of the dependent variables from the values of the independent variables. Regression analysis is used to get a measure of the error involved while using the regression line as a basis for estimation. The regression coefficient Y on X is the coefficient of the variable ‘X’ in the line of regression Y on X. Regression coefficients
What do you understand by business forecasting? Explain the components of time series
Ans. Business forecasting refers to the analysis of past and present economic conditions with the object of drawing inferences about probable future business conditions. The process of making definite estimates of future course of events is referred to as forecasting and the figure or statements obtained from the process is known as ‘forecast’; future course of events is rarely known. In order to be assured of
Jan/feb 2022
DMBA104– FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Rewathi is a sole proprietor having a provisions store. Following are the transactions during the month of January 2018. Journalize them.
Jan. 1 Commenced business with cash 80,000
Jan. 2 Deposited cash with bank 40,000
Jan. 3 Purchased goods by paying cash 5,000
Jan. 4 Purchased goods from Lipton & Co. on credit 10,000
Jan. 5 Sold goods to Joy and received cash 11,000
Jan. 6 Paid salaries by cash 5,000
Jan. 7 Paid Lipton & Co. by cheque for the purchases made on 4th Jan.
Jan. 8 Bought furniture by cash 4,000 9 Paid electricity charges by cash 1,000
Jan. 10 Bank paid insurance premium as per standing instructions 300
2. Describe how costs are classified on the basis of function.
Ans. We have classified costs into the following functions. The classification is not rigid, like the rule of law. Majorly, our classification is influenced by the value chain of a business. There could be a different and better way to classify costs. Most importantly, we should study the organization’s business model for such a classification. Then, we should design an appropriate classification for that organization—a
3. Why should a manager know accounting? Give your opinion with suitable examples
Ans: Managerial accounting helps managers make operational decisions–intended to help increase the company’s operational efficiency–which also helps in making long-term investment decisions.
A management accounting department is one of the company’s essential units, but most entrepreneurs don’t realize it due to its “under the radar” style of work. Management accountants are insiders who create internal analyses to guide the overall business strategy.
By definition, their job is to prepare internal financial reports, records, and accounts to aid managers’
4. Why are the following parties interested in accounting information?
(a) Investors
(b) Government
Ans: Investors are interested because they want to know that are they going to get any profit or not and government do so because they want know about there development of country another thing can be that investor are doing for there own self and government for welfare of
5. Based on following transactions, prepare a cash book with cash and discount columns:
2017 `
Jan 1 Cash in hand 11,500
Jan 5 Paid to Ramanathan by depositing in cash deposit machine 300
Discount allowed by him 10
Jan 8 Purchased goods for cash 400
Jan 10 Cash received from Rajagopal 980
Discount allowed 20
Jan 15 Sold goods for cash 400
Jan 21 Paid cash to Shanthi 295
Discount received 5
Jan 25 Paid wages by cash 50
Jan 31 Paid to Sanjeev ` 390 in full settlement of his account 400
From the following balances taken from the books of Rajeev, a trader on automobiles, prepare trial balance as on 31st March 2017:
Particulars
Rs.
Particulars
Rs.
Cash in hand
5,500
Direct Expenses
5,000
Discount Received
300
Carriage Outwards
3,500
Creditors
15,000
Capital
45,000
Buildings
50,000
Purchases
49,700
Opening Stock
6,000
Sales
59,400
Jan/feb 2022
ASSIGNMENT
DMBA105 – MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS
Define the term ‘managerial economics. Explain the scope of managerial economics.
Ans: Spencer and Siegelman, in the following words: “Managerial economics is the integration of economic theory with business practice for the purpose of facilitating decision making and forward planning by the management”.
“Managerial economics is concerned with the application of economic concepts and economic analysis to the problems of formulating rational managerial decisions.”
Managerial economics is defined as the branch of economics which deals with the application of various concepts,
Discuss the criticisms of profit maximization model in detail.
Ans: Profit maximization objective is a little vague in terms of returns achieved by a firm in different time period. The time value of money is often ignored when measuring profit. It leads to uncertainty of returns. Two firms which use same technology and same factors of production may eventually earn different returns.
1. Profit Maximisation under Perfect Competition Firm:
Under perfect competition, the firm is one among a large number of producers. It cannot influence the
Explain the different types of cost with suitable example.
Ans: Cost accounting is an accounting process that measures all of the costs associated with production, including both fixed and variable costs. The purpose of cost accounting is to assist management in decision-making processes that optimize operations based on efficient cost management. The costs included in cost accounting are as follows:
Direct Costs
Direct costs are related to
Outline the characteristics and causes of business cycle.
Ans: Characteristics of business cycle
It is a wave-like movement, and it is not a random fluctuation.
It is synchronic in nature. It is all embracing; it covers the entire economy. Any change in one part of the economy affects the entire economy.
It occurs periodically and hence is recurrent in nature. It is repetitive in the sense that it has some recognised pattern.
It is to be noted that different trade cycles are similar but not identical in their nature.
The effects of different trade cycles are different on different activities.
It is self-
Summarize the different objectives of pricing policies.
Ans.Five main objectives of pricing policies are:
Achieving a Target Return on Investments
Price Stability
Achieving Market Share
Prevention of Competition and
Increased Profits.
Define and discuss the importance of consumption function in detail.
Ans The consumption function indicates the relationship between consumption and income. Consumption is an increasing function of income. Lord Keynes in his theory of income and employment has given a very significant place to this concept. According to him, the level of national output, income and employment directly depends on effective demand in an economy. Higher the level of effective demand, higher would be the level of income and employment and vice-versa. Effective demand consists of consumption expenditure and investment expenditure.
Consumption expenditure depends on the size of income and the consumers’ propensity to consume while; investment expenditure depends on the marginal efficiency of capital and the rate of interest. Keynes suggested a high propensity to consume to tackle the problem of unemployment in an economy as one of the remedial measures. To understand the concept clearly it is necessary to distinguish between consumption and consumption function. The term consumption refers to a particular amount of consumption out of a given amount of income. On the other hand, consumption function refers to different amounts of consumption at different levels of income. It explains a functional relationship between changes in the level of consumption as a result of changes in the levels of income. It indicates how consumption varies as income changes. If consumption is represented by C and income by Y then, the propensity to consume is C= f (Y). It implies that consumption is an increasing function of income. There is a direct relationship between the two.
Importance of consumption function
It has got great theoretical as well as practical importance. Almost all countries of the world aim at removing unemployment raise their national income and enjoy prosperity. For this purpose, a policy of planned economic development is essential. In the formulation of this policy, consumption function plays a very important role.
It invalidates Say’s
ASSIGNMENT
DMBA106 – HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Jan/feb 2022
Discuss Index and Trend analysis of Human Resource Planning.
Ans: An analysis forecasts the requirement for additional manpower by projecting trends of the past and present to the future. It makes use of operational indices for this.
Historical relationship between the operational index and the Demand for Labour.
Explain the elements of a Career Planning Programme.
Ans: There are four distinct elements of career planning programme:
Individual assessment and need analysis
Organisational assessment and opportunity analysis
Need – opportunity alignment
Career counselling
What is 360 Degree Appraisal?
Ans. Typically, performance appraisal has been limited to a feedback process between employees and managers. However, with the increased focus on teamwork, employee development and customer service, the emphasis has shifted to employee feedback from multiple sources as depicted in figure. This multiple-input approach to performance feedback is called “360 degree
Describe the applications of HRIS in Human Resource Management
Ans. HRIS (human resources information system) is a type of business application that enables companies to store employee information, manage common HR functions, and execute critical HR activities such as processing payroll and administering benefits.
HR needs to handle many things in an organisation including increasing numbers of employees and different HR activities. It became important for many organisations to bring almost all HR activities under
Describe the forms and effects of Grievance.
Ans. Forms of Grievance
A grievance may take anyone of the following forms:
Factual: A factual grievance arises when the legitimate needs of employees remain unfulfilled, e.g., wage hike has been agreed but not implemented citing various reasons.
Imaginary: When an employee’s dissatisfaction is not because of any valid reason but because of wrong perception, wrong attitude, or wrong information he has. Such a situation may
Explain the concept of Employee Welfare and the benefits of Employee Welfare.
Ans: Employee welfare means anything done for the comfort and (intellectual or social) improvement of the employees, over and above the wages paid. In simple words, it means “the efforts to make life worth living for workmen.” It includes various services, facilities and amenities provided to employees
