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Description
| SESSION | JULY 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (MCA) |
| SEMESTER | 1 |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DCA6111 RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM |
Set – I
- What are the different types of Database Management systems (DBMS)? Provide a brief explanation of each type. 10
Ans 1.
Types of Database Management Systems (DBMS) and Their Explanation
A Database Management System (DBMS) is software that enables users to store, retrieve, and manipulate data efficiently. It provides a systematic and organized approach for managing large volumes of data while ensuring consistency, accuracy, and security. Different types of DBMS exist depending on the data structure and application requirements, each serving unique organizational needs.
Hierarchical Database
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- Explain the concept of normalization in DBMS and its importance. Discuss each normal form (1NF to 5NF) with examples. 10
Ans 2.
Concept and Importance of Normalization in DBMS with Normal Forms (1NF to 5NF)
Normalization
Normalization is a systematic process in DBMS that organizes data to minimize redundancy and ensure data integrity. By dividing large tables into smaller, related ones, normalization eliminates anomalies such as update, insert, and delete anomalies. It was first introduced by E.F. Codd as part of the relational model, and each normal form builds upon the previous one, enhancing data structure efficiency.
First Normal Form (1NF)
A table is in 1NF when all its attributes contain only atomic (indivisible) values and each record is unique. For
- Explain the concepts of serializability and recoverability in transaction management. Illustrate how rollbacks can be managed using locking mechanisms. 10
Ans 3.
Serializability and Recoverability in Transaction Management with Rollback Illustration
Transaction Management
Transaction management in DBMS ensures that all database operations follow the ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) properties. Serializability and recoverability are key concepts that guarantee correctness and consistency in concurrent transaction execution. They help ensure that multiple users accessing data simultaneously do not compromise its integrity.
Concept of
Set – II
- Explain the concept of database recovery management. Discuss the different levels of backup techniques used for recovering data. 10
Ans 4.
Database Recovery Management and Backup Techniques
Database Recovery Management
Database recovery management refers to the process of restoring a database to a consistent and operational state after a system crash, hardware failure, or human error. The primary goal is to ensure the Atomicity and Durability of transactions as defined by the ACID properties. Recovery management ensures that no data is permanently lost and that the database reflects the most recent
- What are the three machine architectures commonly used to run parallel DBMS? Explain each with its relevance to parallel database systems. 10
Ans 5.
Machine Architectures for Parallel DBMS
Parallel Database Management Systems (Parallel DBMS) are designed to process large-scale data workloads efficiently by executing operations simultaneously across multiple processors or nodes. Their success depends heavily on the underlying hardware architecture. Three primary machine architectures support parallel DBMS implementations: Shared Memory, Shared Disk, and Shared Nothing. Each architecture defines how processors communicate and access data, influencing performance, scalability, and fault tolerance.
Shared Memory
- Discuss the concept of Data Fragmentation in Distributed databases. Explain its types in detail. 10
Ans 6.
Data Fragmentation in Distributed Databases and Its Types
Data Fragmentation
Data fragmentation is a key concept in Distributed Database Systems (DDBS) that enhances efficiency by dividing a database into smaller, manageable pieces known as fragments. These fragments are stored across multiple sites in a distributed network, allowing parallel processing, improved data locality, and faster query performance. Fragmentation ensures that data is distributed logically while maintaining overall integrity and accessibility.
Purpose and