DCA71S6 ETHICAL HACKING AND CYBERSECURITY

Description

SESSION	APRIL 2026
PROGRAM	MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (MCA)
SEMESTER	III
COURSE CODE & NAME	DCA71S6 ETHICAL HACKING AND CYBERSECURITY

 

 

 

Assignment Set – 1

 

 

Q.1. Discuss how the scope of ethical hacking has expanded with emerging technologies. What new skills and knowledge must ethical hackers develop to remain effective in testing modern technological environments?

Ans 1.

Expanding Scope of Ethical Hacking with Emerging Technologies

Hacking that is ethical, formerly focused on testing traditional Internet perimeters as well as web applications, has expanded dramatically as technology has evolved. Cloud computing’s rapid growth, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, mobile platforms, and 5G networks has resulted in massive new attacks that require ethical hackers to gain expertise well beyond traditional tests of penetration.

Cloud-based environments

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Q.2. Evaluate the role of automated tools versus manual techniques in effective reconnaissance. Analyse how the emergence of cloud computing has changed effective reconnaissance methodologies.

Ans 2.

Automated Tools in Reconnaissance

The advent of automated tools has revolutionized reconnaissance by enabling rapid collection of huge amounts of data on target networks, systems or organisations. Tools like Nmap for discovery of ports and services, Shodan for internet-connected device Enumeration theHarvester for email and domain intelligence, Maltego for relationship mapping and Recon-ng for non-

 

 

Q.3. Explain how ransomware operates and list two prevention strategies. Why is network segmentation important for malware prevention.

Ans 3.

How Ransomware Operates

Ransomware, a type of malware which blocks victims’ access to the data or their system until a ransom, usually in cryptocurrency, is payed. In the initial stage, access is the first phase, and is accomplished through the use of phishing email with malicious attachments and exploiting unpatched RDP or VPN vulnerabilities, compromised credentials purchased via dark web marketplaces or via downloads that are downloaded from insecure websites. Today, ransomware companies typically buy first access from

 

Assignment Set – 2

 

Q.4. Differentiate between email phishing, spear phishing, whaling, smishing, and vishing. Provide real-world use cases for each. What are the typical indicators of a phishing attempt? How can users identify and respond to such threats?

Ans 4.

Types of Phishing Attacks

Email Phishing is among the most popular social engineering attack. The attackers send out mass emails claiming to be institutions that are trusted, such as banks, e-commerce platforms, or government agencies, hoping that a portion of their recipients visit malicious sites or submit login credentials. Real-world use

 

 

Q.5. What is the purpose of Wireless Intrusion Detection System (WIDS) and how does it differ from Wireless Intrusion Prevention System (WIPS). Explain what a rogue access point is and how it poses a risk.

Ans 5.

Wireless Intrusion Detection System (WIDS)

A Wireless Intrusion Detection System is a security monitoring system developed to recognize illegal or malicious wireless activity inside an organization’s radio frequency environment. WIDS continuously monitors wireless frequencies to identify anomalous events including the existence of unauthorised access points, strange client behavior, wireless attacks that cause denial-of-service as well as deauthentication flood attack man-in-the-middle attacks over wireless

 

Q.6. Discuss the security implications of insecure APIs in cloud applications. Why is data encryption at rest and in transit critical for both cloud and IoT environments? Provide a real-world use case.

Ans 6.

Security Implications of Insecure APIs in Cloud Applications

Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are the connecting element for cloud applications, allowing interaction between the services, and providing functionality to clients. Secure APIs are among the major and widespread cloud security vulnerabilities, frequently found within the OWASP API Security Top 10 and as post-mortems for major cloud breaches.

Broken